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Abstract
A large number of intelligent models for masked face recognition (MFR) has been recently presented and applied in various fields, such as masked face tracking for people safety or secure authentication. Exceptional hazards such as pandemics and frauds have noticeably accelerated the abundance of relevant algorithm creation and sharing, which has introduced new challenges. Therefore, recognizing and authenticating people wearing masks will be a long-established research area, and more efficient methods are needed for real-time MFR. Machine learning has made progress in MFR and has significantly facilitated the intelligent process of detecting and authenticating persons with occluded faces. This survey organizes and reviews the recent works developed for MFR based on deep learning techniques, providing insights and thorough discussion on the development pipeline of MFR systems. State-of-the-art techniques are introduced according to the characteristics of deep network architectures and deep feature extraction strategies. The common benchmarking datasets and evaluation metrics used in the field of MFR are also discussed. Many challenges and promising research directions are highlighted. This comprehensive study considers a wide variety of recent approaches and achievements, aiming to shape a global view of the field of MFR.
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Abstract
Nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NARX), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) networks have been widely used to predict the appearance value of future points for time series data. However, in recent years, new approaches to predict time series data based on various networks of deep learning have been proposed. In this paper, we tried to predict how various environmental factors with time series information affect the yields of tomatoes by combining a traditional statistical time series model and a deep learning model. In the first half of the proposed model, we used an encoding attention-based long short-term memory (LSTM) network to identify environmental variables that affect the time series data for tomatoes yields. In the second half of the proposed model, we used the ARMA model as a statistical time series analysis model to improve the difference between the actual yields and the predicted yields given by the attention-based LSTM network at the first half of the proposed model. Next, we predicted the yields of tomatoes in the future based on the measured values of environmental variables given during the observed period using a model built by integrating the two models. Finally, the proposed model was applied to determine which environmental factors affect tomato production, and at the same time, an experiment was conducted to investigate how well the yields of tomatoes could be predicted. From the results of the experiments, it was found that the proposed method predicts the response value using exogenous variables more efficiently and better than the existing models. In addition, we found that the environmental factors that greatly affect the yields of tomatoes are internal temperature, internal humidity, and CO2 level.
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