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Rath A, Kieninger B, Mirzaliyeva N, Schmid S, Mester P, Schneider-Brachert W. The genome-oriented surveillance of vancomycin-resistant enterococci shows a clear misclassification of nosocomial transmission events. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:1086-1088. [PMID: 38663654 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Rath
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Bärbel Kieninger
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nilufarbayim Mirzaliyeva
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmid
- Department for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Mester
- Department for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wulf Schneider-Brachert
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Sun N, Zhi Z, Xiao T, Deng X, He T, Dong W, Feng S, Chen S, Wong WL, Yuan W. The study of honokiol as a natural product-based antimicrobial agent and its potential interaction with FtsZ protein. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1361508. [PMID: 39104591 PMCID: PMC11298477 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1361508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistant bacteria have been a global health threat currently and frontline clinical treatments for these infections are very limited. To develop potent antibacterial agents with new bactericidal mechanisms is thus needed urgently to address this critical antibiotic resistance challenge. Natural products are a treasure of small molecules with high bioactive and low toxicity. In the present study, we demonstrated that a natural compound, honokiol, showed potent antibacterial activity against a number of Gram-positive bacteria including MRSA and VRE. Moreover, honokiol in combination with clinically used β-lactam antibiotics exhibits strong synergistic antimicrobial effects against drug-resistant S. aureus strains. Biochemical studies further reveal that honokiol may disrupt the GTPase activity, FtsZ polymerization, cell division. These biological impacts induced by honokiol may ultimately cause bacterial cell death. The in vivo antibacterial activity of honokiol against S. aureus infection was also verified with a biological model of G. mellonella larvae. The in vivo results support that honokiol is low toxic against the larvae and effectively increases the survival rate of the larvae infected with S. aureus. These findings demonstrate the potential of honokiol for further structural advancement as a new class of antibacterial agents with high potency against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- Guangzhou 11th People's Hospital, Guangzhou Cadre and Talent Health Management Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziling Zhi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, King Med School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Guangzhou 11th People's Hospital, Guangzhou Cadre and Talent Health Management Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Guangzhou 11th People's Hospital, Guangzhou Cadre and Talent Health Management Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tenghui He
- Guangzhou 11th People's Hospital, Guangzhou Cadre and Talent Health Management Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanyang Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, King Med School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Feng
- Guangzhou 11th People's Hospital, Guangzhou Cadre and Talent Health Management Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, King Med School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenchang Yuan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, King Med School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Al Bshabshe A, Algarni A, Shabi Y, Alwahhabi A, Asiri M, Alasmari A, Alshehry A, Mousa WF, Noreldin N. Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Enterococcus Species Isolated from Nosocomial Infections in a Saudi Tertiary Care Hospital over a Ten-Year Period (2012-2021). Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1190. [PMID: 38893716 PMCID: PMC11171566 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14111190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Enterococcus genus is a common cause of nosocomial infections, with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) posing a significant treatment challenge. METHOD This retrospective study, spanning ten years (2012 to 2021), analyzes antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Enterococcus species from clinical samples in a Saudi Arabian tertiary care hospital. RESULT A total of 1034 Enterococcus isolates were collected, 729 from general wards and 305 from intensive care unit (ICU) patients. VRE accounted for 15.9% of isolates. E. faecalis was the most common species (54.3% of isolates and 2.7% of VRE), followed by E. faecium (33.6% of isolates and 41.2% of VRE). E. faecium exhibited the highest resistance to ciprofloxacin (84.1%), ampicillin (81.6%), and rifampicin (80%), with daptomycin (0.6%) and linezolid (3.1%) showing the lowest resistance. In E. faecalis, ciprofloxacin resistance was highest (59.7%), followed by rifampicin (20.1%) and ampicillin (11.8%). Daptomycin (0%), linezolid (1.5%), and vancomycin (2.7%) had the lowest resistance. VRE cases had higher mortality rates compared to vancomycin-sensitive enterococci (VSE). CONCLUSION Eight different strains of Enterocci were identified. E. faecalis was the most commonly identified strain, while E. faecium had the highest percentage of VRE. VRE cases had a significantly higher mortality rate than VSE cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al Bshabshe
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Algarni
- Department of Family Medicine, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha 62523, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yahya Shabi
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulrahman Alwahhabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha 62523, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Asiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha 62523, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Ahmed Alasmari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha 62523, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Adil Alshehry
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wesam F. Mousa
- Department of Anesthesia and ICU, College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31512, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Noreldin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31512, Egypt;
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Hammerum AM, Karstensen KT, Roer L, Kaya H, Lindegaard M, Porsbo LJ, Kjerulf A, Pinholt M, Holzknecht BJ, Worning P, Nielsen KL, Hansen SGK, Clausen M, Søndergaard TS, Dzajic E, Østergaard C, Wang M, Koch K, Hasman H. Surveillance of vancomycin-resistant enterococci reveals shift in dominating clusters from vanA to vanB Enterococcus faecium clusters, Denmark, 2015 to 2022. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2300633. [PMID: 38847117 PMCID: PMC11158013 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.23.2300633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BackgroundVancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are increasing in Denmark and Europe. Linezolid and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (LVRE) are of concern, as treatment options are limited. Vancomycin-variable enterococci (VVE) harbour the vanA gene complex but are phenotypically vancomycin-susceptible.AimThe aim was to describe clonal shifts for VRE and VVE in Denmark between 2015 and 2022 and to investigate genotypic linezolid resistance among the VRE and VVE.MethodsFrom 2015 to 2022, 4,090 Danish clinical VRE and VVE isolates were whole genome sequenced. We extracted vancomycin resistance genes and sequence types (STs) from the sequencing data and performed core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) analysis for Enterococcus faecium. All isolates were tested for the presence of mutations or genes encoding linezolid resistance.ResultsIn total 99% of the VRE and VVE isolates were E. faecium. From 2015 through 2019, 91.1% of the VRE and VVE were vanA E. faecium. During 2020, to the number of vanB E. faecium increased to 254 of 509 VRE and VVE isolates. Between 2015 and 2022, seven E. faecium clusters dominated: ST80-CT14 vanA, ST117-CT24 vanA, ST203-CT859 vanA, ST1421-CT1134 vanA (VVE cluster), ST80-CT1064 vanA/vanB, ST117-CT36 vanB and ST80-CT2406 vanB. We detected 35 linezolid vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and eight linezolid-resistant VVEfm.ConclusionFrom 2015 to 2022, the numbers of VRE and VVE increased. The spread of the VVE cluster ST1421-CT1134 vanA E. faecium in Denmark is a concern, especially since VVE diagnostics are challenging. The finding of LVRE, although in small numbers, ia also a concern, as treatment options are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette M Hammerum
- Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
| | - Kasper Thystrup Karstensen
- Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
| | - Louise Roer
- Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hülya Kaya
- Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Lindegaard
- Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Jannok Porsbo
- Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Kjerulf
- Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Pinholt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Barbara Juliane Holzknecht
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peder Worning
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Karen Leth Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Marianne Clausen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse University Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Turid S Søndergaard
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sønderjylland Hospital, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Esad Dzajic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Claus Østergaard
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Mikala Wang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Koch
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hasman
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hornuss D, Göpel S, Walker SV, Tobys D, Häcker G, Seifert H, Higgins PG, Xanthopoulou K, Gladstone BP, Cattaneo C, Mischnik A, Rohde AM, Imirzalioglu C, Trauth J, Fritzenwanker M, Falgenhauer J, Gastmeier P, Behnke M, Kramme E, Käding N, Rupp J, Peter S, Schmauder K, Eisenbeis S, Kern WV, Tacconelli E, Rieg S. Epidemiological trends and susceptibility patterns of bloodstream infections caused by Enterococcus spp. in six German university hospitals: a prospectively evaluated multicentre cohort study from 2016 to 2020 of the R-Net study group. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02249-2. [PMID: 38684586 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse recent epidemiological trends of bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by Enterococcus spp. In adult patients admitted to tertiary care centres in Germany. METHODS Epidemiological data from the multicentre R-NET study was analysed. Patients presenting with E. faecium or E. faecalis in blood cultures in six German tertiary care university hospitals between October 2016 and June 2020 were prospectively evaluated. In vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), the presence of vanA/vanB was confirmed via molecular methods. RESULTS In the 4-year study period, 3001 patients with BSI due to Enterococcus spp. were identified. E. faecium was detected in 1830 patients (61%) and E. faecalis in 1229 patients (41%). Most BSI occurred in (sub-) specialties of internal medicine. The pooled incidence density of enterococcal BSI increased significantly (4.0-4.5 cases per 10,000 patient days), which was primarily driven by VRE BSI (0.5 to 1.0 cases per 10,000 patient days). In 2020, the proportion of VRE BSI was > 12% in all study sites (range, 12.8-32.2%). Molecular detection of resistance in 363 VRE isolates showed a predominance of the vanB gene (77.1%). CONCLUSION This large multicentre study highlights an increase of BSI due to E. faecium, which was primarily driven by VRE. The high rates of hospital- and ICU-acquired VRE BSI point towards an important role of prior antibiotic exposure and invasive procedures as risk factors. Due to limited treatment options and high mortality rates of VRE BSI, the increasing incidence of VRE BSI is of major concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hornuss
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany.
| | - Siri Göpel
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah V Walker
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute Für Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, RKH Regionale Kliniken Holding Und Services GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | - David Tobys
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Harald Seifert
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Translational Research, CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul G Higgins
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kyriaki Xanthopoulou
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Beryl Primrose Gladstone
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chiara Cattaneo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Children's Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Mischnik
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anna M Rohde
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, National Reference Centre for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Charité-University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Can Imirzalioglu
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Janina Trauth
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Uniklinikum Giessen, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Moritz Fritzenwanker
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jane Falgenhauer
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Petra Gastmeier
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, National Reference Centre for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Charité-University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Behnke
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, National Reference Centre for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Charité-University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evelyn Kramme
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nadja Käding
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Silke Peter
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Schmauder
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simone Eisenbeis
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Winfried V Kern
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Siegbert Rieg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
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Pantano D, Friedrich AW. Hub and Spoke: Next level in regional networks for infection prevention. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 314:151605. [PMID: 38290401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The threat of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are real and increasing every day. They affect not only healthcare systems but also communities, causing economic and public health concerns. Governments must take action to tackle AMR and prevent the spread of MDROs and regional hubs have a critical role to play in achieving this outcome. Furthermore, bacteria have no borders, consequently, cooperation networks should be extended between countries as a crucial strategy for achieving the success of infection control. Euregions, which are a specific form of cooperation between local authorities of two or more bordering European countries, can help solve common problems and improve the lives of people living on both sides of the border. Regional collaboration strategies can enhance infection control and build resilience against antimicrobial resistance. This review identifies risk factors and the correct approaches to infection prevention and control, including education and awareness programs for healthcare professionals, appropriate prescribing practices, and infection prevention control measures. These measures can help reduce the incidence of antimicrobial resistance in the region and save lives. It is therefore essential to take concrete actions and foster the creation of more effective regional and cross-border centers to ensure the success of infection control policies and the management of healthcare-associated infections. This work sheds light on the issue of MDRO infections within healthcare settings, while also acknowledging the crucial role of the One Health concept in understanding the broader context of these infections. By recognizing the interdependence of human and animal health and the environment, we can take constructive steps toward mitigating the risks of these infections and promoting better health outcomes for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pantano
- University Hospital Münster, Institute of Hygiene, Münster, Germany.
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Terentjeva M, Ķibilds J, Avsejenko J, Cīrulis A, Labecka L, Bērziņš A. Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus spp. Isolates from Red Foxes ( Vulpes vulpes) in Latvia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:114. [PMID: 38391500 PMCID: PMC10885957 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging public health threat and is one of the One Health priorities for humans, animals, and environmental health. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are a widespread predator species with great ecological significance, and they may serve as a sentinel of antimicrobial resistance in the general environment. The present study was carried out to detect antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial resistance genes, and genetic diversity in faecal isolates of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). In total, 34 Enterococcus isolates, including E. faecium (n = 17), E. faecalis (n = 12), E. durans (n = 3), and E. hirae (n = 2), were isolated. Antimicrobial resistance to 12 antimicrobial agents was detected with EUVENC panels using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) was determined using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Resistance to tetracycline (6/34), erythromycin (3/34), ciprofloxacin (2/34), tigecycline (2/34), and daptomycin (2/34) was identified in 44% (15/34) of Enterococcus isolates, while all the isolates were found to be susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, linezolid, teicoplanin, and vancomycin. No multi-resistant Enterococcus spp. were detected. A total of 12 ARGs were identified in Enterococcus spp., with the presence of at least 1 ARG in every isolate. The identified ARGs encoded resistance to aminoglycosides (aac(6')-I, ant(6)-Ia, aac(6')-Iih and spw), tetracyclines (tet(M), tet(L) and tet(S)), and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin AB (lnu(B,G), lsa(A,E), and msr(C)), and their presence was associated with phenotypical resistance. Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) revealed the high diversity of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates, even within the same geographical area. The distribution of resistant Enterococcus spp. in wild foxes in Latvia highlights the importance of a One Health approach in tackling AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Terentjeva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, LV-1076 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Juris Ķibilds
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, LV-1076 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Jeļena Avsejenko
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, LV-1076 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Aivars Cīrulis
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, LV-1076 Rīga, Latvia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Linda Labecka
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, LV-1076 Rīga, Latvia
| | - Aivars Bērziņš
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes iela 3, LV-1076 Rīga, Latvia
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