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Xu Y, Zhang E, Wei L, Dai Z, Chen S, Zhou S, Huang Y. NINJ1: A new player in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and potential therapeutic target. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:113021. [PMID: 39197295 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by demyelination. Current treatment options for MS focus on immunosuppression, but their efficacy can be limited. Recent studies suggest a potential role for nerve injury-induced protein 1 (NINJ1) in MS pathogenesis. NINJ1, a protein involved in cell death and inflammation, may contribute to the infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells in the CNS, potentially through enhanced blood-brain barrier crossing; enhancing plasma membrane rupture during cell death, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators and further tissue damage. This review explores the emerging evidence for NINJ1's involvement in MS. It discusses how NINJ1 might mediate the migration of immune cells across the blood-brain barrier, exacerbate neuroinflammation, and participate in plasma membrane rupture-related damage. Finally, the review examines potential therapeutic strategies targeting NINJ1 for improved MS management. Abbreviations: MS, Multiple sclerosis; CNS, Central nervous system; BBB, Blood-brain barrier; GSDMD, Gasdermin-D; EAE, Experimental autoimmune encephalitis; HMGB-1, High mobility group box-1 protein; LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase; PMR, Plasma membrane rupture; DMF, Dimethyl fumarate; DUSP1, Dual-specificity phosphatase 1; PAMPs, Pathogen-associated molecular patterns; DAMPs, Danger-associated molecular patterns; PRRs, Pattern recognition receptors; GM-CSF, Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor; IFN-γ, Interferon gamma; TNF, Tumor necrosis factor; APCs, Antigen-presenting cells; ECs, Endothelial cells; TGF-β, Transforming growth factor-β; PBMCs, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; FACS, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting; MCP-1, Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; NLRP3, Pyrin domain-containing 3; TCR, T cell receptor; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; AP-1, Activator protein-1; ANG1, Angiopoietin 1; BMDMs, Bone marrow-derived macrophages; Arp2/3, actin-related protein 2/3; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; FAK, focal adhesion kinase; LIMK1, LIM domain kinase 1; PAK1, p21-activated kinases 1; Rac1, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1; β-cat, β-caten; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88; TIRAP, Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; IRAKs, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases; TRAF6, TNF receptor associated factor 6; TAB2/3, TAK1 binding protein 2/3; TAK1, transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; ERK1/2, Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase 1/2; IKK, inhibitor of kappa B kinase; IκB, inhibitor of NF-κB; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B; AP-1, activator protein-1; ASC, Apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing a CARD; NEK7, NIMA-related kinase 7; NLRP3, Pyrin domain-containing 3; CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinbin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Nervous System and Brain Function, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
| | - Enhao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Nervous System and Brain Function, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
| | - Liangzhe Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Nervous System and Brain Function, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
| | - Zifeng Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Nervous System and Brain Function, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Nervous System and Brain Function, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
| | - Shengjun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Nervous System and Brain Function, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Nervous System and Brain Function, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China.
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Jellinger KA. Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: from phenomenology to neurobiological mechanisms. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:871-899. [PMID: 38761183 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, demyelination and chronic progressive neurodegeneration. Among its broad and unpredictable range of clinical symptoms, cognitive impairment (CI) is a common and disabling feature greatly affecting the patients' quality of life. Its prevalence is 20% up to 88% with a wide variety depending on the phenotype of MS, with highest frequency and severity in primary progressive MS. Involving different cognitive domains, CI is often associated with depression and other neuropsychiatric symptoms, but usually not correlated with motor and other deficits, suggesting different pathophysiological mechanisms. While no specific neuropathological data for CI in MS are available, modern research has provided evidence that it arises from the disease-specific brain alterations. Multimodal neuroimaging, besides structural changes of cortical and deep subcortical gray and white matter, exhibited dysfunction of fronto-parietal, thalamo-hippocampal, default mode and cognition-related networks, disruption of inter-network connections and involvement of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system. This provided a conceptual framework to explain how aberrant pathophysiological processes, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, autoimmune reactions and disruption of essential signaling pathways predict/cause specific disorders of cognition. CI in MS is related to multi-regional patterns of cerebral disturbances, although its complex pathogenic mechanisms await further elucidation. This article, based on systematic analysis of PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library, reviews current epidemiological, clinical, neuroimaging and pathogenetic evidence that could aid early identification of CI in MS and inform about new therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Alberichgasse 5/13, Vienna, A-1150, Austria.
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Sousa de Andrade PH, de Souza Fonseca BH, Rodrigues Osawa C, da Silva AE, de Souza LAPS, Luvizutto GJ. Decreased functional mobility in individuals with mild to moderate expanded disability status from relapsing multiple sclerosis: Analysis of the Glittre-ADL test. Physiother Theory Pract 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38165106 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2023.2299726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease that significantly limits an individual's activities of daily living (ADLs) and negatively affects their social participation as it progresses. The impact of activities and participation must be continuously assessed, and the Glittre-ADL is a validated test for MS to assess functional capacity in tasks similar to ADLs. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the Glittre-ADL test is a valid method for assessing functional mobility in individuals with MS and moderate disability or those who use assistive devices. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 30 individuals in two groups: 1) MS group (n = 15); and 2) healthy control group (n = 15). The MS group underwent three functional mobility tests: 1) Glittre-ADL; 2) Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FWT); and 3) Timed Up and Go (TUG) while the healthy group underwent only the Glittre-ADL test. RESULTS An association was found between the Glittre-ADL time and T25FWT (r = 0.78, p < .001) and TUG (r = 0.56, p = .030) times. In the MS group, statistically significant differences were found in time (F = 2.88, p = .038) and speed (F = 5.17, p = .024) between laps. A statistically significant difference was observed between the total time in the MS and control groups (Area Under Curve - AUC: 0.982, p < .0001). A total time > 46.0s represents the reduction of functional performance during ADLs in individuals with MS (sensitivity: 93.3%; specificity: 92.2%). CONCLUSION The Glittre-ADL test is a valid tool for assessing functional mobility in individuals with MS and mild to moderate disability (EDSS score ≤ 6.5).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline Rodrigues Osawa
- Department of Applied Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Alex Eduardo da Silva
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo José Luvizutto
- Department of Applied Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Brazil
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