1
|
López-de Munain J, Cámara-Pérez MDM, López-Martinez M, Alava-Menica JA, Hernandez-Ragpa L, Imaz-Pérez M, Tejeiro-Pulido MJ, Mojas-Díez I, de la Peña-Trigueros M, Díaz-de Tuesta-Del Arco JL, Muñoz-Sánchez J. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among sexually transmitted infection clinics patients. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 40:359-366. [PMID: 35550362 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections are a public health problem because of its high incidence and consequences on reproductive health. Our aim is to describe the socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics of patients with CT infection in order to adapt preventive interventions for the highest risk groups. METHODS Prospective case series of all patients diagnosed with CT between September 2016 and January 2019 in the reference STI clinics of Osakidetza (Basque Health Service) in Bizkaia (Spain). RESULTS 847 patients (88.2%) agreed to participate: 41% women, 33.8% heterosexual men and 25% men who has sex with men (MSM); 33% were immigrants and 26% were under the age of 25 (33% of the women). Only 20% systematically used condoms. 36% had previously had STI and 28% had simultaneously another STI. 55% of the infections were asymptomatic (70% among women). In MSM, the rectum was affected in 69.5% of cases, the urethra in 31.4%, and the pharynx in 14.5%. The cervix was affected in 86.5% of the women, the rectum in 17.6%, and the pharynx in 13.8%. A contact study was only carried out in 58% of cases. The reinfection rate at 4 weeks was 17% among those with criteria to perform a test of cure. CONCLUSION Our results justify implement opportunistic screening in women under the age of 25 and young immigrants of both sexes, by taking genital and extragenital samples, as well as developing appropriate guidelines for the notification and follow-up of contacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josefina López-de Munain
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biocruces, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Maria Del Mar Cámara-Pérez
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miriam López-Martinez
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose Angel Alava-Menica
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Control de Infección, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Leonora Hernandez-Ragpa
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Control de Infección, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Manuel Imaz-Pérez
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Control de Infección, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maria José Tejeiro-Pulido
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iker Mojas-Díez
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mireia de la Peña-Trigueros
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Díaz-de Tuesta-Del Arco
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Control de Infección, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Josefa Muñoz-Sánchez
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biocruces, Bizkaia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dorado Criado M, Fabra Garrido C, Merino San Martín E, González Arboleya C, Gómez-Arroyo B, González-Donapetry P, Baquero-Artigao F, de la Calle M, Quiles-Melero I, Calvo C. Is an Antenatal Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis Necessary in the Current Society? Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:1034-1036. [PMID: 34321448 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A screening of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in young pregnant women (≤25 years old) and their newborns was conducted. A total of 136 women were tested with urine samples in the immediate postpartum period. The prevalence was 18.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.9-24.9%) (25/136) and the rate of perinatal transmission was 35% (7/20). These results support the need for antenatal screening programs in high-risk women in Madrid (Spain).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dorado Criado
- From the Pediatrics and Infectious Disease Unit; Fundación IdiPaz; Traslational Research Network of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP)
| | - Celia Fabra Garrido
- From the Pediatrics and Infectious Disease Unit; Fundación IdiPaz; Traslational Research Network of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Baquero-Artigao
- From the Pediatrics and Infectious Disease Unit; Fundación IdiPaz; Traslational Research Network of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP)
| | - María de la Calle
- From the Pediatrics and Infectious Disease Unit; Fundación IdiPaz; Traslational Research Network of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP)
| | | | - Cristina Calvo
- From the Pediatrics and Infectious Disease Unit; Fundación IdiPaz; Traslational Research Network of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
López-de Munain J, Cámara-Pérez MDM, López-Martinez M, Alava-Menica JA, Hernandez-Ragpa L, Imaz-Pérez M, Tejeiro-Pulido MJ, Mojas-Díez I, de la Peña-Trigueros M, Díaz-de Tuesta-Del Arco JL, Muñoz-Sánchez J. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among sexually transmitted infection clinics patients. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2021; 40:S0213-005X(21)00200-7. [PMID: 34304925 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections are a public health problem because of its high incidence and consequences on reproductive health. Our aim is to describe the socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics of patients with CT infection in order to adapt preventive interventions for the highest risk groups. METHODS Prospective case series of all patients diagnosed with CT between September 2016 and January 2019 in the reference STI clinics of Osakidetza (Basque Health Service) in Bizkaia (Spain) RESULTS: 847 patients (88.2%) agreed to participate: 41% women, 33.8% heterosexual men and 25% men who has sex with men (MSM); 33% were immigrants and 26% were under the age of 25 (33% of the women). Only 20% systematically used condoms. 36% had previously had STI and 28% had simultaneously another STI. 55% of the infections were asymptomatic (70% among women). In MSM, the rectum was affected in 69.5% of cases, the urethra in 31.4%, and the pharynx in 14.5%. The cervix was affected in 86.5% of the women, the rectum in 17.6%, and the pharynx in 13.8%. A contact study was only carried out in 58% of cases. The reinfection rate at 4 weeks was 17% among those with criteria to perform a test of cure. CONCLUSION Our results justify implement opportunistic screening in women under the age of 25 and young immigrants of both sexes, by taking genital and extragenital samples, as well as developing appropriate guidelines for the notification and follow-up of contacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josefina López-de Munain
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, España; Instituto de Investigación Biocruces, Bizkaia, España.
| | - Maria Del Mar Cámara-Pérez
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, España
| | - Miriam López-Martinez
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, España
| | - Jose Angel Alava-Menica
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Control de Infección, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, España
| | - Leonora Hernandez-Ragpa
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Control de Infección, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, España
| | - Manuel Imaz-Pérez
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Control de Infección, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, España
| | - Maria José Tejeiro-Pulido
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, España
| | - Iker Mojas-Díez
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, España
| | - Mireia de la Peña-Trigueros
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, España
| | - José Luis Díaz-de Tuesta-Del Arco
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Control de Infección, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, España
| | - Josefa Muñoz-Sánchez
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Basurto (OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Osakidetza), Bilbao, España; Instituto de Investigación Biocruces, Bizkaia, España
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Prevención de la transmisión vertical de Chlamydia trachomatis mediante un cribado gestacional. An Pediatr (Barc) 2020; 93:147-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
5
|
López-Corbeto E, González V, Casabona J. First data of Chlamydia trachomatis and other STI prevalence and co-infections in pregnant women under 25 years in Catalonia, Spain. Med Clin (Barc) 2020; 156:33-34. [PMID: 32143940 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2019.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evelin López-Corbeto
- Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos de VIH/Sida e ITS de Cataluña (CEEISCAT), Generalitat de Cataluña, Badalona, Barcelona, España; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, España.
| | - Victoria González
- Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos de VIH/Sida e ITS de Cataluña (CEEISCAT), Generalitat de Cataluña, Badalona, Barcelona, España; Servicio de Microbiología, Laboratorio clínico Área Metropolitana Norte, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, España
| | - Jordi Casabona
- Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos de VIH/Sida e ITS de Cataluña (CEEISCAT), Generalitat de Cataluña, Badalona, Barcelona, España; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, España; Departamento de Pediatría, Obstetricia y Ginecología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fabra Garrido C, Dorado Criado M, González Arboleya C, Calvo Rey C. [Is the vertical transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis a problem in Spain?]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2019; 92:119. [PMID: 31678035 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
7
|
Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Korenromp E, Low N, Unemo M, Abu-Raddad LJ, Chico RM, Smolak A, Newman L, Gottlieb S, Thwin SS, Broutet N, Taylor MM. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016. Bull World Health Organ 2019; 97:548-562P. [PMID: 31384073 PMCID: PMC6653813 DOI: 10.2471/blt.18.228486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 850] [Impact Index Per Article: 170.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To generate estimates of the global prevalence and incidence of urogenital infection with chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis in women and men, aged 15-49 years, in 2016. METHODS For chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis, we systematically searched for studies conducted between 2009 and 2016 reporting prevalence. We also consulted regional experts. To generate estimates, we used Bayesian meta-analysis. For syphilis, we aggregated the national estimates generated by using Spectrum-STI. FINDINGS For chlamydia, gonorrhoea and/or trichomoniasis, 130 studies were eligible. For syphilis, the Spectrum-STI database contained 978 data points for the same period. The 2016 global prevalence estimates in women were: chlamydia 3.8% (95% uncertainty interval, UI: 3.3-4.5); gonorrhoea 0.9% (95% UI: 0.7-1.1); trichomoniasis 5.3% (95% UI:4.0-7.2); and syphilis 0.5% (95% UI: 0.4-0.6). In men prevalence estimates were: chlamydia 2.7% (95% UI: 1.9-3.7); gonorrhoea 0.7% (95% UI: 0.5-1.1); trichomoniasis 0.6% (95% UI: 0.4-0.9); and syphilis 0.5% (95% UI: 0.4-0.6). Total estimated incident cases were 376.4 million: 127.2 million (95% UI: 95.1-165.9 million) chlamydia cases; 86.9 million (95% UI: 58.6-123.4 million) gonorrhoea cases; 156.0 million (95% UI: 103.4-231.2 million) trichomoniasis cases; and 6.3 million (95% UI: 5.5-7.1 million) syphilis cases. CONCLUSION Global estimates of prevalence and incidence of these four curable sexually transmitted infections remain high. The study highlights the need to expand data collection efforts at country level and provides an initial baseline for monitoring progress of the World Health Organization global health sector strategy on sexually transmitted infections 2016-2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Rowley
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Vander Hoorn
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Nicola Low
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Magnus Unemo
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other STIs, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - R Matthew Chico
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England
| | - Alex Smolak
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lori Newman
- Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Infections Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Sami Gottlieb
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Soe Soe Thwin
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Broutet
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Melanie M Taylor
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
López-Corbeto E, González V, Lugo R, Rivaya B, Casabona J, Matas L. Pooling of urine samples for molecular detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium as a screening strategy among young adults in Catalonia. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2019; 38:65-71. [PMID: 31288994 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have an important impact on reproductive health, highlighting the increase in Chlamydia trachomatis infection rates among young people. To reduce the costs of STI detection, the pooling strategy is beneficial for high-throughput tests in low-prevalence populations using non-invasive samples. OBJECTIVES (1) To describe the performance of a 7-STI PCR assay using the pooling of three urine samples to detect C. trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium; (2) to estimate the cost saving of the pooling strategy; (3) to describe the prevalence, risk factors and coinfections of C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae and M. genitalium in young people ≤25 years in Catalonia. METHODS cross-sectional prevalence study conducted in 2016 among young people ≤25 years of age seen in sexual and reproductive health centres throughout Catalonia from pools of three urine samples. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect clinical-epidemiological and behavioural variables. RESULTS 1032 young people were tested. The prevalence of C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae and M. genitalium was 8.5%, 0.6% and 3.5%, respectively. The pooling strategy provided a 33% savings in reagent costs. CONCLUSIONS The pooling strategy implemented for epidemiological studies in our context provides a savings that has an impact on the viability of STI detection programmes. In the same way, this study shows that C. trachomatis prevalence continues to increase in this population and, for the first time in Catalonia, the prevalence of M. genitalium in young people is shown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelin López-Corbeto
- Center for Epidemiological Studies on HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona 08916, Spain.
| | - Victoria González
- Center for Epidemiological Studies on HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain; Microbiology Service, North Metropolitan Area Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Rossie Lugo
- Center for Epidemiological Studies on HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Belen Rivaya
- Microbiology Service, North Metropolitan Area Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Casabona
- Center for Epidemiological Studies on HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Preventive Medicine, and Public Health, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Lurdes Matas
- Microbiology Service, North Metropolitan Area Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Piñeiro L, Korta-Murua J, López-Cuesta S, Lasa I, Cilla G. Is the vertical transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis a little known problem in Spain? ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
10
|
Infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (including lymphogranuloma venereum) and Mycoplasma genitalium. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2019; 37:525-534. [PMID: 30878312 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, including lymphogranuloma venereum and Mycoplasma genitalium have increased in last decade. This epidemiological scenario presents new challenges in order to improve and strengthen our control and prevention strategies. The routine clinical diagnosis of urethritis and cervicitis must be combined with the active search for the causal agent in men with symptoms of dysuria or proctitis, and in women with pelvic inflammatory disease. We should also include sexually transmitted infections screening in asymptomatic patients with sexual risk behaviours or sexual contact with patients diagnosed with an sexually transmitted infection. The microbiological diagnosis must be based on molecular techniques capable of detecting Chlamydia trachomatis (discriminating between L genotypes associated with lymphogranuloma venereum and other genotypes) and Mycoplasma genitalium (ideally including the identification of macrolide-resistant strains). A faster and specific diagnosis will allow for a targeted treatment with a suitable antibiotic regimen. We also recommend including contact tracing of sexual partners and, occasionally, a cure test. Finally, sexually transmitted infection screening must be widely implemented in those population groups with a high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections.
Collapse
|
11
|
Azevedo MJND, Nunes SDS, Oliveira FGD, Rocha DAP. High prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnant women attended at Primary Health Care services in Amazon, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2019; 61:e6. [PMID: 30785560 PMCID: PMC6376923 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201961006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection is often silent and can
lead to long-term reproductive complications in women. In this study, we
determined the prevalence of CT infection and possible associations between the
presence of the infection and clinical-epidemiological variables in pregnant
women attended at the Basic Health Units of the Coari city, Amazonas, Brazil.
From July 2016 to March 2017, 164 pregnant women undergoing prenatal care were
recruited. One hundred of these women were tested for CT infection using two
types of samples: cervico-vaginal and urine. The diagnosis was confirmed by PCR
with primers specific for the omp1 gene of CT chromosomal DNA. Of the 100
pregnant women, 18 (18%) had CT infection, 8 (8%) of which were positive in both
samples, 7 (7%) only in the urine sample and 3 (3%) only in cervical-vaginal
sample. There was moderate agreement (Kappa=0.55) and no statistically
significant difference between sample types (p = 0.400). The mean age of
infected women was 21.1 years (SD = 4.6). Of the clinical-epidemiological
variables analyzed, “more than 2 partners in the last 12 months” (p = 0.022) and
gynecological complaint of “pain after intercourse” (p = 0.020) were associated
with CT infection. This study showed a high prevalence (18%) of CT infection
among pregnant women in Coari / Amazonas. Urine sampales were as good as
cervical-vaginal ones for the screening of CT infection during the prenatal
period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzana Dos Santos Nunes
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Saúde e Biotecnologia, Coari, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Molano M, Tabrizi SN, Phillips S, Danielewski J, Cornall A, Morre SA, Garland SM. Development of a rapid colorimetric multiplex PCR-reverse line blot for the detection and typing of 14 Chlamydia trachomatis genovars. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:1560-1570. [PMID: 30303481 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for trachoma-associated blindness as well as the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection worldwide, although the genovars for the former are typically A-C, whilst for the latter they are D-K and for the uncommon infection lymphogranuloma venereum they are L1-3. Nucleotide variations within the ompA gene facilitate the identification of C. trachomatis genovars. This study describes a colorimetric multiplex PCR/RLB typing assay (mPCR-RLB) directed to the VD2 region of the ompA gene for general C. trachomatis positivity and the identification of 14 individual C. trachomatis genovars. METHODOLOGY The assay was validated by analysing 40 blinded samples that included reference strains of C. trachomatis genovars and other non-chlamydial micro-organisms that had been analysed previously using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Ninety clinical samples that had previously been found to be C. trachomatis-positive by qPCR were also evaluated using the mPCR-RLB assay. RESULTS The mPCR-RLB assay showed 100 % agreement with the qPCR in the detection of C. trachomatis reference strains and no cross-reaction of non-chlamydial micro-organisms was observed. In the analysis of the chlamydial clinical samples, 97.8 % were C. trachomatis-positive by mPCR/RLB assay and there was a 96.6 % concordance with the qPCR at the group identification level and a 92.2 % concordance at the genovar level. CONCLUSION The mPCR-RLB assay is a rapid and sensitive methodology for the identification of C. trachomatis genovars associated with urogenital infections, trachoma or lymphogranuloma venereum diseases that can be implemented in clinical settings, helping to identify reinfections and treatment failures and establish the appropriate treatment course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Molano
- 1Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sepehr N Tabrizi
- 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Australia
- 2Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- 1Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel Phillips
- 2Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- 1Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Danielewski
- 2Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- 1Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alyssa Cornall
- 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Australia
- 2Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- 1Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Servaas A Morre
- 5Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research School Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Institute for Public Health Genomics, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- 4Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Garland
- 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Australia
- 2Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- 1Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Piñeiro L, Korta-Murua J, López-Cuesta S, Lasa I, Cilla G. [Is the vertical transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis a little known problem in Spain?]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2018; 90:395-397. [PMID: 29937303 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Piñeiro
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Donostia-Instituto BioDonostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España.
| | - Javier Korta-Murua
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Donostia-Instituto BioDonostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España; Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, EHU-UPV, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
| | - Sheila López-Cuesta
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Donostia-Instituto BioDonostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
| | - Izaskun Lasa
- Servicio de Ginecología, Hospital Universitario Donostia-Instituto BioDonostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
| | - Gustavo Cilla
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Donostia-Instituto BioDonostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chlamydia trachomatis re-infection in Spain: A STI clinic-based cohort study. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2016; 35:165-173. [PMID: 27743678 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is the most frequently reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) in developed countries, but there is a lack data on its incidence and population dynamics in Spain. The objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence of C. trachomatis in patients seeking medical attention in an STI clinic with a defined population catchment area, to identify factors associated with this infection, and to explore differences between factors associated with new infections and re-infections. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on a cohort of patients from a STI clinic who underwent chlamydia testing at least twice between 2007 and 2015. RESULTS Of the 2633 patients who met study selection criteria, 795 (30.2%) tested positive for C. trachomatis at baseline (baseline Chlamydia). The overall incidence was 7.97/100 person-years (95% CI: 7.2-8.8): 5.9/100 person-years (95% CI: 5.2-6.7) among patients testing negative for C. trachomatis at baseline, and 18.3 person-years (95% CI: 15.6-21.5) among those testing positive at baseline. In multivariate analysis, the factors independently associated with overall incidence were a history of infection with C. trachomatis in the previous 6 months (hazard ratio=3.6; 95% CI: 2.3-5.4), younger age (HR <20 vs ≥35 years=5.5; 95% CI: 3.2-9.5), male sex, 2 or more sexual partners in the previous month and year, and inconsistent condom use. CONCLUSIONS Guidelines should be established for C. trachomatis in Spain, including recommendations on the need for follow-up and re-testing, independently of age. Though data concerning the optimal timing of re-testing are inconclusive, our findings support the establishment of a 3-6 month interval.
Collapse
|