1
|
Yamano H, Horike H, Taguchi Y, Inabu Y, Sugino T, Suzuki N, Etoh T, Shiotsuka Y, Fujino R, Takahashi H. Effect of Ca-octanoate supplementation on concentrations of ghrelin and ghrelin-related hormones in plasma and milk of beef cattle. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16795. [PMID: 37313147 PMCID: PMC10258411 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary calcium (Ca)-octanoate supplementation on concentrations of ghrelin, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and insulin in plasma and milk of beef cattle during late gestation and early postpartum. Twelve Japanese Black cattle were offered concentrate without (CON, n = 6) or with Ca-octanoate supplementation at 1.5% of dietary dry matter (OCT, n = 6). Blood samples were collected at -60, -30, and -7 d relative to the expected parturition date and daily from d 0 to 3 after parturition. Milk samples were collected daily postpartum. Compared to the CON group, concentrations of acylated ghrelin increased in plasma as parturition approached in the OCT group (P = 0.02). However, concentrations of GH, IGF-1, and insulin in plasma and milk were not affected by treatment groups throughout the study. Additionally, we showed for the first time that bovine colostrum and transition milk contain acylated ghrelin at a significantly higher concentration than plasma (P = 0.01). Interestingly, concentrations of acylated ghrelin in milk were negatively correlated with those in plasma postpartum (r = -0.50, P < 0.01). Feeding Ca-octanoate increased concentrations of total cholesterol (T-cho) in plasma and milk (P < 0.05), tended to increase those of glucose in plasma at postpartum and milk (P < 0.1). We conclude that feeding Ca-octanoate in late gestation and early postpartum may contribute to increased concentrations of glucose and T-cho in plasma and milk without affecting concentrations of ghrelin, GH, IGF-1, and insulin in plasma and milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Yamano
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, 878-0201, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Horike
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, 878-0201, Japan
| | - Yutaka Taguchi
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, 878-0201, Japan
| | - Yudai Inabu
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, 878-0201, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Sugino
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Nonomi Suzuki
- Feed and Livestock Sector, Kanematsu Agritech Co., Ltd., Saitama, 343-0845, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Etoh
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, 878-0201, Japan
| | - Yuji Shiotsuka
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, 878-0201, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Fujino
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, 878-0201, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Kuju Agricultural Research Center, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Oita, 878-0201, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meenongyai W, Rasri K, Rodjapot S, Duangphayap T, Khejornsart P, Wongpanit K, Phongkaew P, Bashar A, Islam Z. Effect of coated cysteamine hydrochloride and probiotics supplemented alone or in combination on feed intake, nutrients digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites of Kamphaeng Saen beef heifers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:69. [PMID: 36749468 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of coated cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH) and probiotics (PB) supplemented alone or in combination on feed intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolites of heifer beef cattle. Sixteen heifers (body weight = 210 ± 41 kg; age = 9 ± 2 months) were assigned according to a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. All animals were fed the basal diet, which contained an 82:17 concentrate-to-forage ratio, and the forage source was rice straw. The treatments were as follows: (1) 0% PB + 0 g/d CSH, (2) 0.1% PB + 0 g/d CSH, (3) 0% PB + 20 g/d CSH, and (4) 0.1% PB + 20 g/d CSH. The main effect of CSH supplementation has been found to improve feed intake (P < 0.05). There were no treatment interactions with nutrient digestibility or rumen fermentation parameters. Supplementation of CSH did not affect any of the variables evaluated, while probiotics supplementation increased DM digestibility due to the increases in CP and fiber fraction digestibility. Compared to controls and CSH, at 16 h post-feeding, heifers receiving probiotics tended (P = 0.07) to show 17% greater ruminal NH3-N concentration, but this effect was not evident at 2 h post-feeding. However, the main effects of probiotic supplementation showed a tendency to increase the number of total bacteria and fungal zoospores in the rumen at 2 h post-feeding. The blood triglyceride (BTG) concentration of heifers fed a diet supplemented with 20 g/d CSH and 0.1% probiotics was found to be greater than those fed CSH alone (P < 0.1) at 16 h post-feeding, and then, there were greater BTG concentrations than other treatments (P < 0.05) at 2 h post-feeding. In conclusion, the combination of CSH and PB did not potentiate the effects of probiotics on digestibility and rumen fermentation and had minimal effects on blood parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Watcharawit Meenongyai
- Department of Agriculture and Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand.
| | - Kampanat Rasri
- Department of Agriculture and Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Sitthisak Rodjapot
- Department of Agriculture and Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Trirat Duangphayap
- Department of Agriculture and Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Pichad Khejornsart
- Department of Agriculture and Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Kannika Wongpanit
- Department of Agriculture and Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Piyamas Phongkaew
- Department of Agriculture and Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Abul Bashar
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Zakirul Islam
- Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thomas AS, Sassi M, Angelini R, Morgan AH, Davies JS. Acylation, a Conductor of Ghrelin Function in Brain Health and Disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:831641. [PMID: 35845996 PMCID: PMC9280358 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.831641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyl-ghrelin (AG) is an orexigenic hormone that has a unique octanoyl modification on its third serine residue. It is often referred to as the “hunger hormone” due to its involvement in stimulating food intake and regulating energy homeostasis. The discovery of the enzyme ghrelin-O-acyltransferase (GOAT), which catalyses ghrelin acylation, provided further insights into the relevance of this lipidation process for the activation of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) by acyl-ghrelin. Although acyl-ghrelin is predominantly linked with octanoic acid, a range of saturated fatty acids can also bind to ghrelin possibly leading to specific functions. Sources of ghrelin acylation include beta-oxidation of longer chain fatty acids, with contributions from fatty acid synthesis, the diet, and the microbiome. In addition, both acyl-ghrelin and unacyl-ghrelin (UAG) have feedback effects on lipid metabolism which in turn modulate their levels. Recently we showed that whilst acyl-ghrelin promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis and enhances memory function, UAG inhibits these processes. As a result, we postulated that the circulating acyl-ghrelin:unacyl-ghrelin (AG:UAG) ratio might be an important regulator of neurogenesis and cognition. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence behind the relevance of ghrelin acylation in the context of brain physiology and pathology, as well as the current challenges of identifying the provenance of the acyl moiety.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao J, Hu J, Ma X. Sodium Decanoate Improves Intestinal Epithelial Barrier and Antioxidation via Activating G Protein-Coupled Receptor-43. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082756. [PMID: 34444916 PMCID: PMC8401944 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to explore actions of decanoic acid on regulating intestinal barrier and antioxidant functions in intestinal epithelium cells isolated from porcine jejunum (IPEC-J2) and C57/BL6 mice models. In vitro and vivo assays, mice and IPEC-J2 cells treated by H2O2 were disposed of sodium decanoate and sodium butyrate to determine intestinal barrier and antioxidant functions of the host. Results showed that sodium decanoate upregulated expression of tight junction proteins and improved antioxidant capacity in both IPEC-J2 cells treated by H2O2 and mice models (p < 0.05). Sodium decanoate increased weight gain and ileal villus height of mice compared with control and sodium butyrate treatments (p < 0.05). Sodium decanoate increased α-diversity of ileal microbiota, volatile fatty acids concentration, and G protein-coupled receptor-43 (GPR-43) expression in the ileum and colon of mice (p < 0.05). In conclusion, sodium decanoate improved antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and gut physical barrier of intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in an increase growth performance of mice, which is mediated through activating GPR-43 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xi Ma
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62733588
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang L, Gao L, Chen C. Role of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids in Healthy Metabolism: A Clinical Perspective. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:351-366. [PMID: 33832826 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) serve not only as an energy source but also regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. The unique transport and rapid metabolism of MCFAs provide additional clinical benefits over other substrates such as long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and have prompted interest in the use of MCFAs for treating metabolic and neurological disorders. This review focuses on the metabolic role of MCFAs in modulating cellular signaling and regulating key circulating metabolites and hormones. The potential of MCFAs in treating various metabolic diseases in a clinical setting has also been analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Huang
- School of Biomedical Science and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lin Gao
- School of Biomedical Science and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Science and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Craig JR, Dunshea FR, Cottrell JJ, Ford EM, Wijesiriwardana UA, Pluske JR. Feeding Conjugated Linoleic Acid without a Combination of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids during Late Gestation and Lactation Improves Pre-Weaning Survival Rates of Gilt and Sow Progeny. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E62. [PMID: 30781377 PMCID: PMC6406248 DOI: 10.3390/ani9020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) to dams has been shown to improve progeny growth and survival, and hence may be particularly advantageous to gilt progeny. Primiparous (n = 129) and multiparous sows (n = 123; parities 3 and 4) were fed one of four diets from day 107 of gestation (107.3 ± 0.1 days) until weaning (day 27.2 ± 0.1 of lactation): (i) control diet; (ii) 0.5% CLA diet; (iii) 0.1% MCFA diet; and (iv) equal parts of (ii) and (iii). Progeny performance data were collected and, from a subset of sows (n = 78) and their piglets (n = 144), a colostrum (day 0), milk (day 21), and piglet serum sample (day 3) were analyzed for immunoglobulin G and several selected metabolites. Liveborn pre-weaning mortality tended to be lowest (p = 0.051) in piglets from sows fed 0.5% CLA. However, sows fed the CLA diet had more (p = 0.005) stillbirths than those on the other diets. There were few effects of diet or the dam parity x diet interaction (p ≥ 0.05) on other parameters. Overall, feeding CLA or MCFA did not improve the performance of primiparous sows, multiparous sows, or their progeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Craig
- Research and Innovation, Rivalea (Australia) Pty. Ltd., Corowa NSW 2646, Australia.
- Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Jeremy J Cottrell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Erin M Ford
- Research and Innovation, Rivalea (Australia) Pty. Ltd., Corowa NSW 2646, Australia.
| | - Udani A Wijesiriwardana
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - John R Pluske
- Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
- Australasian Pork Research Institute Ltd. (APRIL), Willaston, SA 5118, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu N, Lin L, Wang J, Zhang F, Wang JP. Dietary cysteamine hydrochloride protects against oxidation, inflammation, and mucosal barrier disruption of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:4339-4347. [PMID: 30169609 PMCID: PMC6162622 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH) on the growth performance, oxidation, inflammation, and gene expression of cytoskeleton and tight junction in the intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens). A total of 360 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed into 5 groups for a negative control (NC, without C. perfringens challenge), a positive control (PC, with C. perfringens challenge), and PC plus CSH at 100, 150, or 200 mg/kg of diet. The results showed that average daily gain, gain:feed, cecal population and enterotoxin of C. perfringens were negatively affected (P < 0.05) by the C. perfringens challenge, but were conversely affected (P < 0.05) by the CSH supplementation, and G:F reached to the level of NC group. The PC group increased (P < 0.05) serum diamine oxidase, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas the supplementation of CSH decreased (P < 0.05) these parameters. Moreover, the C. perfringens challenge worsened the disruption of intestinal mucosal cytoskeleton and tight junction by downregulating (P < 0.05) the mRNA levels of actin protein of muscle Z-line alpha, syncoilin, synemin, tubulin, claudin-1, and zona occludens protein-2, while these parameters were partially compensated (P < 0.05) by CSH supplementation. For the dose trends of CSH, there were linear and quadratic (P < 0.05) effects on gain:feed, enterotoxins, tumor necrosis factor-α, tubulin alpha 1c, syncoilin, and synemin. In conclusion, the CSH can be an alternative against C. perfringens infection by beneficially regulating gut pathogenic bacteria and enterotoxins, oxidation, inflammation, cytoskeleton, and tight junction in broiler chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Animal Production, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Animal Production, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Feike Zhang
- Luoyang Xintai Agro-pastoral Technology Co., Ltd, Luoyang, China
| | - Jian-ping Wang
- Department of Animal Production, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bai M, Liu H, Xu K, Zou B, Yu R, Liu Y, Xing W, Du H, Li Y, Yin Y. Effects of dietary coated cysteamine hydrochloride on pork color in finishing pigs. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1743-1750. [PMID: 28859217 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coated cysteamine hydrochloride (CC) was applied as a feed additive in animal production. The influence and the mechanisms of CC used as a feed additive in promoting meat quality in finishing pigs were investigated. RESULTS Dietary CC supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the a* and H* values and reduced (P < 0.05) the L* value in the longissimus dorsi muscles at 48 h postmortem (P < 0.05). The deoxymyoglobin content was enhanced (P < 0.05) and the metmyoglobin and malondialdehyde contents were reduced (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the dietary CC. Pigs fed a dietary CC of 0.035 g kg-1 had a lower cooking loss (P < 0.05) and a higher a* (24 h) value in the longissimus dorsi muscles than pigs on control treatment. The messenger RNA expression of superoxide dismutase 1 was upregulated (P < 0.05) in the longissimus dorsi. CONCLUSION Dietary supplementation with CC could improve antioxidant status and delay meat discoloration by improving glutathione levels and antioxidase activity after longer chill storage (for 48 h after slaughter). Dietary supplementation with CC at 0.035 g kg-1 may promote the stability of pork color by reducing oxidation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Bai
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongnan Liu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hangzhou King Techina Technology Company Academician Expert Workstation, Hangzhou King Techina Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hangzhou King Techina Technology Company Academician Expert Workstation, Hangzhou King Techina Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingjie Zou
- Hangzhou King Techina Technology Company Academician Expert Workstation, Hangzhou King Techina Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Hangzhou King Techina Technology Company Academician Expert Workstation, Hangzhou King Techina Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, USA
| | - Weigang Xing
- Shandong Newhope-Liuhe Group Company Academician Expert Workstation, Shandong Newhope-Liuhe Group Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Haitao Du
- Shandong Newhope-Liuhe Group Co., Ltd, Weifang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Shandong Newhope-Liuhe Group Co., Ltd, Weifang, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Hangzhou King Techina Technology Company Academician Expert Workstation, Hangzhou King Techina Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Simó-Mirabet P, Piazzon MC, Calduch-Giner JA, Ortiz Á, Puyalto M, Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Pérez-Sánchez J. Sodium salt medium-chain fatty acids and Bacillus-based probiotic strategies to improve growth and intestinal health of gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata). PeerJ 2017; 5:e4001. [PMID: 29226031 PMCID: PMC5719961 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increased demand for fish protein has led to the intensification of aquaculture practices which are hampered by nutritional and health factors affecting growth performance. To solve these problems, antibiotics have been used for many years in the prevention, control and treatment against disease as well as growth promoters to improve animal performance. Nowadays, the use of antibiotics in the European Union and other countries has been completely or partially banned as a result of the existence of antibiotic cross-resistance. Therefore, a number of alternatives, including enzymes, prebiotics, probiotics, phytonutrients and organic acids used alone or in combination have been proposed for the improvement of immunological state, growth performance and production in livestock animals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate two commercially available feed additives, one based on medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) from coconut oil and another with a Bacillus-based probiotic, in gilthead sea bream (GSB, Sparus aurata), a marine farmed fish of high value in the Mediterranean aquaculture. Methods The potential benefits of adding two commercial feed additives on fish growth performance and intestinal health were assessed in a 100-days feeding trial. The experimental diets (D2 and D3) were prepared by supplementing a basal diet (D1) with MCFAs in the form of a sodium salt of coconut fatty acid distillate (DICOSAN®; Norel, Madrid, Spain), rich on C-12, added at 0.3% (D2) or with the probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940, added at 0.1% (D3). The study integrated data on growth performance, blood biochemistry, histology and intestinal gene expression patterns of selected markers of intestinal function and architecture. Results MCFAs in the form of a coconut oil increased feed intake, growth rates and the surface of nutrient absorption, promoting the anabolic action of the somatotropic axis. The probiotic (D3) induced anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects with changes in circulating cortisol, immunoglobulin M, leukocyte respiratory burst, and mucosal expression levels of cytokines, lymphocyte markers and immunoglobulin T. Discussion MCFA supplementation showed positive effects on GSB growth and intestinal architecture acting mainly in the anterior intestine, where absorption takes place. The probiotic B. amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 exhibited key effects in the regulation of the immune status inducing anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects which can be potentially advantageous upon infection or exposure to other stressors. The potential effects of these feed additives in GSB are very promising to improve health and disease resistance in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Simó-Mirabet
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - M Carla Piazzon
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Josep Alvar Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| | - Álvaro Ortiz
- Evonik Nutrition and Care GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | | | | | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, CSIC, Castellón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|