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García-Contreras C, Sánchez-Esquiliche F, Lachica M, Fernández-Fígares I, Gómez-Carballar F, Matos G, Lara L, Nieto R. Estimation of in vivo body composition of Iberian pigs using bioelectric impedance and ultrasonography techniques. Meat Sci 2024; 213:109484. [PMID: 38492320 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Iberian pigs are renowned for their high-quality products and distinctive characteristics, including high fat accumulation, low protein deposition rate, and a long productive cycle. The study aimed to assess in vivo body composition of purebred Iberian pigs using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and ultrasonography. Accurate estimation of body composition in live animals is crucial for adopting decisions at the farm level. The experiment involved three groups of pure male Iberian pigs differing in body weight (BW; 60, 80 and 100 kg) with the same nutritional management. Body measurements, BIA and back fat and loin thickness (measured by ultrasonography) were obtained before slaughter. After slaughter pig carcasses were chemically analysed. A strong correlation between BIA measurements, specifically resistance (Rs) values, and body chemical parameters (total protein, lipids, ash, and water contents; p < 0.001 for all) was found. Reactance values (Xc), however, did not exhibit significant correlations. Regression analyses were conducted to predict carcass composition based on BIA measurements, BW, ultrasonography and linear corporal measurements. The prediction models achieved high R2 values for lipids, protein, total ash, water, and lean tissue (0.957, 0.968, 0.936, 0.961 and 0.976, respectively, p < 0.001 for all), indicating strong predictive power. These findings demonstrate the potential of non-invasive techniques such as BIA for estimating body chemical composition and quality of pig carcasses. However, it is important to acknowledge that the prediction models developed may not be applicable to other pig populations, as they were based on a specific sample of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consolación García-Contreras
- Departamento de Nutrición y Producción Animal Sostenible, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Manuel Lachica
- Departamento de Nutrición y Producción Animal Sostenible, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández-Fígares
- Departamento de Nutrición y Producción Animal Sostenible, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Gema Matos
- Sánchez Romero Carvajal Jabugo, Jabugo, 21290, Huelva, Spain
| | - Luis Lara
- Departamento de Nutrición y Producción Animal Sostenible, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa Nieto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Producción Animal Sostenible, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Muro BB, Carnevale RF, Leal DF, Almond GW, Monteiro MS, Poor AP, Schinckel AP, Garbossa CA. The importance of optimal body condition to maximise reproductive health and perinatal outcomes in pigs. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:351-371. [PMID: 35748154 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422422000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Overnutrition or undernutrition during all or part of the reproductive cycle predisposes sows to metabolic consequences and poor reproductive health which contributes to a decrease in sow longevity and an increase in perinatal mortality. This represents not only an economic problem for the pig industry but also results in poor animal welfare. To maximise profitability and increase sustainability in pig production, it is pivotal to provide researchers and practitioners with synthesised information about the repercussions of maternal obesity or malnutrition on reproductive health and perinatal outcomes, and to pinpoint currently available nutritional managements to keep sows' body condition in an optimal range. Thus, the present review summarises recent work on the consequences of maternal malnutrition and highlights new findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bd Muro
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaella F Carnevale
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego F Leal
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Pirassununga, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Glen W Almond
- Department of Population Health & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matheus S Monteiro
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Campus São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André P Poor
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Campus São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Allan P Schinckel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Cesar Ap Garbossa
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Campus Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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3
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Wellington MO, Rodrigues LA, Quinn MA, Panisson JC, Ferguson DP, Columbus DA. Serum metabolomic characterization in pigs in relation to birth weight category and neonatal nutrition. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skac386. [PMID: 36402552 PMCID: PMC9976744 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize developmental differences in low birth weight (LBW) and normal birth weight (NBW) piglets with or without pre-weaning nutrient restriction using serum metabolomic profile analysis. At farrowing, 112 piglets were identified as LBW (1.22 ± 0.28 kg) or NBW (1.70 ± 0.27 kg) and were randomly assigned to receive normal nutrition (NN) or restricted nutrition (RN) (6 h/day no suckling) from days 2 to 28 post farrow (n = 8 pigs/group). On day 28, piglets were weaned onto a common diet. Fasted blood samples were obtained on days 28 and 56 (n = 8 pigs/group) and were analyzed using quantitative metabolomics via a combination of direct injection mass spectrometry with a reverse-phase LC-MS/MS custom assay. Data were normalized using logarithmic transformation and auto-scaling. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was carried out to further explore the differential metabolites among the groups (metaboanalyst.ca) with an integrated enrichment and pathway topography analysis. On day 28, LBW piglets had lower levels of essential amino acids as well as reduced metabolites associated with fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis, and the tri-carboxylic acid (TCA) cycle compared to the NBW group. The overall reduction of metabolites associated with energy production and regulation suggests that LBW vs. NBW are in an energy-survival state. On day 56, LBW pigs had increased utilization of fatty acids and resultant ketone production, evident by increased carnitines, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, and glycerol compared to NBW pigs. In addition, compared to the NBW pigs LBW pigs had a consistent decrease in serum glucose and lactate as well as reduced TCA cycle metabolites: pyruvate, succinate, citrate, and α-ketoglutaric acid similar to day 28. Low reliance on glycolysis and the TCA cycle and higher glycerol production in the LBW pigs may indicate impairments in glucose tolerance at 56 d. In summary, LBW piglets appear to have more metabolic alterations in early life, which is not resolved with adequate nutrition or refeeding and may elucidate physiological and metabolic mechanisms of poor growth and life performance compared to NBW pigs later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Wellington
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Box 21057, 2105-8th Street East, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaS7H 5N9
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaS7N 5A8
| | - Lucas A Rodrigues
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Box 21057, 2105-8th Street East, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaS7H 5N9
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaS7N 5A8
| | - Melissa A Quinn
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, 308 West Circle Drive, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Josiane C Panisson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaS7N 5A8
| | - David P Ferguson
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, 308 West Circle Drive, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Daniel A Columbus
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Box 21057, 2105-8th Street East, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaS7H 5N9
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaS7N 5A8
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Hansen LL, Stewart V, Mandell IB, Huber LA. Precision feeding gestating sows: effects on offspring growth performance and carcass and loin quality at slaughter. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab227. [PMID: 34988381 PMCID: PMC8711752 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 601 pigs from 65 litters were used to determine the effects of closely meeting estimated daily Lys and energy requirements for sows during gestation for three consecutive parities on offspring postweaning growth performance and carcass and loin quality at slaughter. Sows were assigned a control (static diet composition; CON) or precision (individual daily blend of two diets to meet estimated Lys and energy requirements; PRE) feeding program between days 7 and 110 of gestation for three consecutive pregnancy cycles, starting with primiparous sows (parity 1: 12 CON and 12 PRE sows; parity 2: 8 CON and 13 PRE sows; parity 3: 8 CON and 12 PRE sows). At weaning (20 ± 2 d of age), up to 10 pigs per litter were randomly selected and placed in a pen (1 litter per pen). All pens received ad libitum access to commercial diets in six phases (four-phase nursery, grower, and finisher, respectively). Four pigs per pen were slaughtered at ~125 kg BW for evaluation of carcass characteristics and loin quality. The ADG and ADFI of offspring were not influenced by maternal feeding program in any parity during nursery phases I through III. During nursery phase IV, ADG and ADFI were greater for litters from PRE- vs. CON-fed sows (0.70 vs. 0.66 ± 0.03 and 1.15 vs. 1.08 ± 0.06 kg/d for ADG and ADFI, respectively; P < 0.05). The BW for litters from PRE- vs. CON-fed sows tended to be greater by day 66 of age (end of nursery period; 29.7 vs. 28.7 ± 1.1 kg; P = 0.076). Within the grower phase, litters from PRE-fed sows had a greater ADG in parity 2 but lower ADG in parity 3 vs. litters from CON-fed sows (0.99 vs. 0.94 and 0.93 vs. 1.01 ± 0.03 kg/d for parities 2 and 3, respectively; P < 0.05). No differences were observed for ADG or ADFI in the finisher phase or G:F in any phase for any parity. Loin eye area was smaller (52.2 vs. 55.0 ± 1.8 cm2; P < 0.05) for offspring from PRE- vs. CON-fed sows. In parity 2, carcass lean yield tended to be less for offspring from PRE- vs. CON-fed sows (58.6 vs. 59.6 ± 0.4%; P = 0.051). Minimal differences were observed for subjective and objective evaluations of loin quality. Closely meeting the estimated daily energy and Lys requirements for sows throughout gestation for three consecutive pregnancy cycles improved offspring growth performance (ADG and ADFI) in the final nursery stage, but generally did not affect growth performance in grower/finisher periods or carcass and loin quality at ~125 kg BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Hansen
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1Canada
| | - Victoria Stewart
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1Canada
| | - Ira B Mandell
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1Canada
| | - Lee-Anne Huber
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1Canada
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Vázquez-Gómez M, García-Contreras C, Astiz S, Torres-Rovira L, Pesantez-Pacheco JL, Heras-Molina A, Castro Madrigal T, López-Bote C, Óvilo C, González-Bulnes A, Isabel B. Effects of L-Glutamine Supplementation during the Gestation of Gilts and Sows on the Offspring Development in a Traditional Swine Breed. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030903. [PMID: 33809899 PMCID: PMC8004119 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nutritional strategies during pregnancy in swine production are considered essential to increase the number of piglets born alive and improve their survival and development. Amino acids, such as glutamine, are among the best compound to introduce in commercial farms after obtaining positive results in trials carried out in selected swine breeds. However, several critical productive factors have to be assessed before translating these strategies to the farm level to ensure the best balance between benefits and investments. The current study focused on the effects of prenatal L-glutamine supplementation on the offspring of Iberian gilts and sows under farm conditions. It is the first trial of amino acid supplementation during pregnancy carried out in traditional swine breeds. These non-selected swine breeds show productive or physiological differences that could affect the supplementation effect. Indeed, although there were changes at the molecular and tissue level, these effects did not turn into advantageous effects for the offspring of traditional breeds. The present study shows the importance of pre-testing nutritional strategies under the final conditions and breeds of implementation and the need to deepen at the molecular level to improve the biological interpretation of findings. Abstract The use of amino acids during pregnancy, such as glutamine (Gln), seems to be a promising strategy in selected swine breeds to improve the offspring prenatal development. The main goal of the current study was to assess the development of the offspring from parity 1–3 sows of a traditional breed, which were supplemented with 1% glutamine after Day 35 of gestation, under farm conditions. A total of 486 (288 treated) piglets from 78 (46 treated) Iberian sows were used. At birth and slaughterhouse, fatty acid composition, metabolism, and mTOR pathway gene expression were analyzed. At birth, treated newborns showed greater amounts of specific amino acids in plasma, such as glutamine, asparagine, or alanine, and Σn-3 fatty acids in cellular membranes than control newborns. The expression of genes belonging to mTOR Complex 1 was also higher in treated piglets with normal birth-weight. However, these findings did not improve productive traits at birth or following periods in litters from supplemented gilts (parity 1) or sows (parities 2–3). Thus, further research is needed to properly understand the effects of prenatal glutamine supplementation, particularly in traditional swine breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vázquez-Gómez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UCM, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.-G.); (T.C.M.); (C.L.-B.)
- Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici V, Trav. dels Turons, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Consolación García-Contreras
- SGIT-INIA, Ctra. De La Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-C.); (S.A.); (L.T.-R.); (J.L.P.-P.); (A.H.-M.); (C.Ó.); (A.G.-B.)
| | - Susana Astiz
- SGIT-INIA, Ctra. De La Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-C.); (S.A.); (L.T.-R.); (J.L.P.-P.); (A.H.-M.); (C.Ó.); (A.G.-B.)
| | - Laura Torres-Rovira
- SGIT-INIA, Ctra. De La Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-C.); (S.A.); (L.T.-R.); (J.L.P.-P.); (A.H.-M.); (C.Ó.); (A.G.-B.)
| | - José Luis Pesantez-Pacheco
- SGIT-INIA, Ctra. De La Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-C.); (S.A.); (L.T.-R.); (J.L.P.-P.); (A.H.-M.); (C.Ó.); (A.G.-B.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Cuenca, Avda. Doce de Octubre, 010220 Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Ana Heras-Molina
- SGIT-INIA, Ctra. De La Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-C.); (S.A.); (L.T.-R.); (J.L.P.-P.); (A.H.-M.); (C.Ó.); (A.G.-B.)
| | - Teresa Castro Madrigal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UCM, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.-G.); (T.C.M.); (C.L.-B.)
| | - Clemente López-Bote
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UCM, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.-G.); (T.C.M.); (C.L.-B.)
| | - Cristina Óvilo
- SGIT-INIA, Ctra. De La Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-C.); (S.A.); (L.T.-R.); (J.L.P.-P.); (A.H.-M.); (C.Ó.); (A.G.-B.)
| | - Antonio González-Bulnes
- SGIT-INIA, Ctra. De La Coruña Km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-C.); (S.A.); (L.T.-R.); (J.L.P.-P.); (A.H.-M.); (C.Ó.); (A.G.-B.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Isabel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UCM, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.-G.); (T.C.M.); (C.L.-B.)
- Correspondence:
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Park YJ, Kwon KJ, Song WH, Pang WK, Ryu DY, Saidur Rahman M, Pang MG. New technique of sex preselection for increasing female ratio in boar sperm model. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 56:333-341. [PMID: 33249659 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we tried to optimize the porcine semen extender conditions to maximize the differences between live X chromosome-bearing (X) spermatozoa and to Y chromosome-bearing (Y) spermatozoa without a decline in the fertility rate at different pH conditions during storage. We observed the viability of X and Y boar spermatozoa in acidic (pH 6.2), original (pH 7.2), and alkaline condition (pH 8.2) for 5 days to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the X to Y spermatozoa ratio. The functional parameters of spermatozoa were also examined to evaluate sperm quality. Sperm motility was preserved at pH 7.2 and pH 6.2 for 3 days, while sperm motility at pH 8.2 decreased significantly after 2 days. Non-capacitated spermatozoa increased while capacitated spermatozoa decreased during storage. Sperm viability decreased significantly duration-dependent under all pH conditions, but there was no significant difference during storage at pH 6.2 and 7.2. The X: Y ratio of live spermatozoa in acidic condition was maximized (1.2:1) without affecting the sperm function and fertility-related protein expression after 2 days compared to original conditions. Moreover, insemination of sows using acidic extender increased the number of female pups on days 1 and 2 of preservation. These results indicate that the production of female offspring may increase when acidic BTS is used for 2 days without affecting the success rate of AI. Above all, this method is simple and economical compared to other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Jin Park
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Ki-Jin Kwon
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Won-Hee Song
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Won-Ki Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Do-Yeal Ryu
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
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7
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Vázquez-Gómez M, Garcia-Contreras C, Pesantez-Pacheco JL, Torres-Rovira L, Heras-Molina A, Astiz S, Óvilo C, Isabel B, Gonzalez-Bulnes A. Differential Effects of Litter Size and Within-Litter Birthweight on Postnatal Traits of Fatty Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050870. [PMID: 32429595 PMCID: PMC7278408 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current work evaluated the relative effects of the number of piglets in the litter of origin (high vs. low litter size) and the birthweight (low (LBW) vs. normal (NBW) in large litters) on postnatal performance and quality of carcasses and meat in purebred Iberian pigs. The results indicated that NBW piglets born in large litters had disparities in developmental patterns in weight and size, back-fat deposition, and fatty acid composition of viscerae compared to NBW piglets from small litters, which again were different from those found in LBW piglets when compared to their NBW counterparts. However, both growth patterns were altered and might indicate previous phases of metabolic disorders. Abstract Fatty pigs are characterized by a thrifty genotype, adapted to harsh environments based on changes in metabolism and energy saving. Thus, we hypothesized that feto-maternal energy partitioning in large litters might have postnatal effects that might be independent of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) processes. Hence, the current work reported the influence of two effects on postnatal performance and carcass and meat quality of purebred Iberian pigs: (a) the effects of the number of piglets in the litter (high vs. low litter size), and (b) the effects of birthweight (low (LBW) vs. normal (NBW)) in large litters. The results confirmed that NBW piglets born in large litters had differences in developmental patterns of weight, back-fat deposition, and fatty acid (FA) composition when compared to NBW piglets from small litters. These results were different from those found in LBW piglets when compared to their NBW counterparts, which showed an initial asymmetrical growth and altered muscle FA composition at slaughtering. The assessment of FA composition indicated better metabolic status in NBW piglets from large litters than in LBW piglets. These data support the concept that the prenatal environment, even when the individual may cope with it, inescapably affects postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vázquez-Gómez
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.-G.); (B.I.)
| | - Consolacion Garcia-Contreras
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Avda Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-C.); (C.Ó.)
| | - José Luis Pesantez-Pacheco
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Avda Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.P.-P.); (L.T.-R.); (A.H.-M.); (S.A.)
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Avda. Doce de Octubre, Cuenca 010220, Ecuador
| | - Laura Torres-Rovira
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Avda Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.P.-P.); (L.T.-R.); (A.H.-M.); (S.A.)
| | - Ana Heras-Molina
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Avda Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.P.-P.); (L.T.-R.); (A.H.-M.); (S.A.)
| | - Susana Astiz
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Avda Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.P.-P.); (L.T.-R.); (A.H.-M.); (S.A.)
| | - Cristina Óvilo
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Avda Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.G.-C.); (C.Ó.)
| | - Beatriz Isabel
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.-G.); (B.I.)
| | - Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.-G.); (B.I.)
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Avda Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.P.-P.); (L.T.-R.); (A.H.-M.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Impact of genotype, body weight and sex on the prenatal muscle transcriptome of Iberian pigs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227861. [PMID: 31990923 PMCID: PMC6986718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth is dependent on genotype and diet, even at early developmental stages. In this study, we investigated the effects of genotype, sex, and body weight on the fetal muscle transcriptome of purebred Iberian and crossbred Iberian x Large White pigs sharing the same uterine environment. RNA sequencing was performed on 16 purebred and crossbred fetuses with high body weight (340±14g and 415±14g, respectively) and 16 with low body weight (246±14g and 311±14g, respectively), on gestational day 77. Genotype had the greatest effect on gene expression, with 645 genes identified as differentially expressed (DE) between purebred and crossbred animals. Functional analysis showed differential regulation of pathways involved in energy and lipid metabolism, muscle development, and tissue disorders. In purebred animals, fetal body weight was associated with 35 DE genes involved in development, lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. In crossbred animals, fetal body weight was associated with 60 DE genes involved in muscle development, viability, and immunity. Interestingly, the results suggested an interaction genotype*weight for some DE genes. Fetal sex had only a modest effect on gene expression. This study allowed the identification of genes, metabolic pathways, biological functions and regulators related to fetal genotype, weight and sex, in animals sharing the same uterine environment. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular events that influence prenatal muscle development and highlight the complex interactions affecting transcriptional regulation during development.
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Vazquez-Gomez M, Heras-Molina A, Garcia-Contreras C, Pesantez-Pacheco JL, Torres-Rovira L, Martinez-Fernandez B, Gonzalez J, Encinas T, Astiz S, Ovilo C, Isabel B, Gonzalez-Bulnes A. Polyphenols and IUGR Pregnancies: Effects of Maternal Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation on Postnatal Growth, Metabolism and Body Composition of the Offspring. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E535. [PMID: 31717349 PMCID: PMC6912388 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal supplementation with the polyphenol hydroxytyrosol in a swine model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) improves the fetal oxidative status, decreases the appearance of low birth-weight neonates and favors growth during early postnatal stages (lactation). The current study aimed to determine whether hydroxytyrosol supplementation can also improve developmental patterns, metabolic traits, and body composition of the offspring during later postnatal stages (from weaning to adulthood). A total of 21 piglets born from control untreated sows and 20 piglets born from sows treated with hydroxytyrosol during the last two-thirds of pregnancy were selected on the basis of similar body weights at weaning, for avoiding any interfering effects occurred during lactation. The pigs in the treated group had higher average daily weight gain (ADWG) and, therefore, reached higher body weight and corpulence, greater muscle development and higher adiposity than their control counterparts. The following were not found: significant effects on metabolism and body composition except changes in the muscular fatty acid composition of the treated pigs coming from the largest litters; those more affected by IUGR processes. These findings suggest that maternal supplementation with hydroxytyrosol may improve juvenile development of offspring in at-risk pregnancies and pave the way for more specific studies aiming to elucidate effects on adiposity, metabolism, and meat organoleptic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vazquez-Gomez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UCM, Ciudad Universitaria s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.-G.); (T.E.); (B.I.)
| | - Ana Heras-Molina
- SGIT-INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña Km. 7,5. 29040 Madrid, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (C.G.-C.); (J.L.P.-P.); (L.T.-R.); (S.A.); (C.O.)
| | - Consolacion Garcia-Contreras
- SGIT-INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña Km. 7,5. 29040 Madrid, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (C.G.-C.); (J.L.P.-P.); (L.T.-R.); (S.A.); (C.O.)
| | - Jose Luis Pesantez-Pacheco
- SGIT-INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña Km. 7,5. 29040 Madrid, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (C.G.-C.); (J.L.P.-P.); (L.T.-R.); (S.A.); (C.O.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Cuenca, Avda. Doce de Octubre, 010220 Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Laura Torres-Rovira
- SGIT-INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña Km. 7,5. 29040 Madrid, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (C.G.-C.); (J.L.P.-P.); (L.T.-R.); (S.A.); (C.O.)
| | | | - Jorge Gonzalez
- Micros Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana, 24007 Leon, Spain; (B.M.-F.); (J.G.)
| | - Teresa Encinas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UCM, Ciudad Universitaria s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.-G.); (T.E.); (B.I.)
| | - Susana Astiz
- SGIT-INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña Km. 7,5. 29040 Madrid, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (C.G.-C.); (J.L.P.-P.); (L.T.-R.); (S.A.); (C.O.)
| | - Cristina Ovilo
- SGIT-INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña Km. 7,5. 29040 Madrid, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (C.G.-C.); (J.L.P.-P.); (L.T.-R.); (S.A.); (C.O.)
| | - Beatriz Isabel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UCM, Ciudad Universitaria s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.-G.); (T.E.); (B.I.)
| | - Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UCM, Ciudad Universitaria s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.V.-G.); (T.E.); (B.I.)
- SGIT-INIA, Ctra. de La Coruña Km. 7,5. 29040 Madrid, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (C.G.-C.); (J.L.P.-P.); (L.T.-R.); (S.A.); (C.O.)
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10
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Pesántez-Pacheco JL, Heras-Molina A, Torres-Rovira L, Sanz-Fernández MV, García-Contreras C, Vázquez-Gómez M, Feyjoo P, Cáceres E, Frías-Mateo M, Hernández F, Martínez-Ros P, González-Martin JV, González-Bulnes A, Astiz S. Influence of Maternal Factors (Weight, Body Condition, Parity, and Pregnancy Rank) on Plasma Metabolites of Dairy Ewes and Their Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E122. [PMID: 30925737 PMCID: PMC6523727 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and lactation are challenging states that affect maternal and lamb health. In Lacaune dairy sheep, we evaluated the impact of parity, pregnancy rank, and body condition on body weight and the condition of ewes and lambs in mid-pregnancy (75 ± 5 d), in late pregnancy (142 ± 4d), and postpartum (52 ± 5d pp). Maternal age was associated with initial decreases, followed by increases, in body weight and condition. After lambing, both mature and maiden ewes lost weight and body condition. Maternal indices of glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism were within physiological values during pregnancy, but postpartum values depended on maternal parity and pregnancy rank, with multiple-pregnant ewes showing a postpartum increase in glucose and maiden sheep a postpartum increase in plasma cholesterol concentration. Male lambs were heavier than female lambs at birth, and lambs born to mothers with higher body condition scores were heavier. Lambs born as singletons were heavier than those born in litters. Maternal age and pregnancy rank did not influence lamb metabolic indicators. Sex affected plasma concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Maternal metabolic indicators showed minimal effects on lamb phenotype. These results suggest that, when appropriately fed, dairy sheep can cover the metabolic demands of pregnancy and milk production, regardless of age and pregnancy rank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Pesántez-Pacheco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Cuenca, Avda. Doce de Octubre, 010220 Cuenca, Ecuador.
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias (INIA), Avda Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Heras-Molina
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias (INIA), Avda Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Torres-Rovira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias (INIA), Avda Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Victoria Sanz-Fernández
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias (INIA), Avda Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Consolación García-Contreras
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias (INIA), Avda Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Vázquez-Gómez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Avda. Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Feyjoo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Avda. Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elisa Cáceres
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Avda. Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Millán Frías-Mateo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Avda. Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Hernández
- Technical Department, Granja Cerromonte SL, 05358 San Juan de la Encinilla, Ávila, 05358, Spain.
| | - Paula Martínez-Ros
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, Tirant lo Blanc, 7. 46115 Alfara del Patriarca Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan Vicente González-Martin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Avda. Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Technical Department, TRIALVET SL, C/ Encina 22, Cabanillas de la Sierra, 28721 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio González-Bulnes
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias (INIA), Avda Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Avda. Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Susana Astiz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias (INIA), Avda Pta. de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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