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Liu Z, Mou S, Li L, Chen Q, Yang R, Guo S, Jin Y, Liu L, Li T, Chen H, Wang X. The Barrier Disruption and Pyroptosis of Intestinal Epithelial Cells Caused by Perfringolysin O (PFO) from Clostridium perfringens. Cells 2024; 13:1140. [PMID: 38994991 PMCID: PMC11240805 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), a Gram-positive bacterium, produces a variety of toxins and extracellular enzymes that can lead to disease in both humans and animals. Common symptoms include abdominal swelling, diarrhea, and intestinal inflammation. Severe cases can result in complications like intestinal hemorrhage, edema, and even death. The primary toxins contributing to morbidity in C. perfringens-infected intestines are CPA, CPB, CPB2, CPE, and PFO. Amongst these, CPB, CPB2, and CPE are implicated in apoptosis development, while CPA is associated with cell death, increased intracellular ROS levels, and the release of the inflammatory factor IL-18. However, the exact mechanism by which PFO toxins exert their effects in the infected gut is still unidentified. This study demonstrates that a C. perfringens PFO toxin infection disrupts the intestinal epithelial barrier function through in vitro and in vivo models. This study emphasizes the notable influence of PFO toxins on intestinal barrier integrity in the context of C. perfringens infections. It reveals that PFO toxins increase ROS production by causing mitochondrial damage, triggering pyroptosis in IPEC-J2 cells, and consequently resulting in compromised intestinal barrier function. These results offer a scientific foundation for developing preventive and therapeutic approaches against C. perfringens infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhankui Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuang Mou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qichao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruicheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shibang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yancheng Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lixinjie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tianzhi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
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Ye C, Chen Y, Yu R, Zhao M, Yin R, Qiu Y, Fu S, Liu Y, Wu Z. Baicalin-aluminum complex on the regulation of IPEC-1 infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33038. [PMID: 39027442 PMCID: PMC11254522 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the main bacterial cause of diarrhea in weaned piglets. Baicalin-aluminum (BA) complex is the main active ingredient of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracted-aluminum complex, which has been used to treat diarrhea in weaning piglets, however the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To investigate the effects of the BA complex on the regulation of porcine intestinal epithelial (IPEC-1) cells infected with ETEC, IPEC-1 cells were incubated with an ETEC bacterial strain at a multiplicity of infection of 1 for 6 h and then treated with different concentrations of the BA complex for 6 h. ETEC infection increased the levels of cAMP and cGMP, upregulated CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) mRNA, and downregulated NHE4 mRNA in IPEC-1 cells. Treatment with the BA complex inhibited ETEC adhesion and the production of cAMP and cGMP, reduced CFTR mRNA expression, and increased NHE4 mRNA expression. Overall, the BA complex weakened the adhesion of ETEC to IPEC-1 cells, and inhibited cAMP/cGMP-CFTR signaling in IPEC-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
| | - Yuqian Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
| | - Ruixue Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
| | - Ronghua Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
| | - Shulin Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
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Chen C, Hu H, Li Z, Qi M, Qiu Y, Hu Z, Feng F, Tang W, Diao H, Sun W, Tang Z. Dietary tryptophan improves growth and intestinal health by promoting the secretion of intestinal β-defensins against enterotoxigenic E. coli F4 in weaned piglets. J Nutr Biochem 2024:109637. [PMID: 38574828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Adequate dietary L-tryptophan (Trp) governs intestinal homeostasis in piglets. However, the defensive role of Trp in the diet against enterotoxigenic E. coli F4 (K88) in pigs is still poorly understood. Here, sixty (6.15 ± 1.52 kg, 24-day-old, Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) weaned piglets were used for an E. coli F4 attack test in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The growth (ADG, ADFI, GH), immune factors (IL-10, IgA, IgG, IgM), Trp metabolite 5-HT, intestinal morphology (jejunal and colonic VH), mRNA expression of β-defensins (jejunal BD-127, BD-119, ileal BD-1, BD-127), and abundance of beneficial microorganisms in the colon (Prevotella 9, Lactobacillus, Phascolarctobacterium, Faecalibacterium) were higher in the piglets in the HT (High Trp) and HTK (High Trp, K88) groups than in the LT (Low Trp) and LTK (Low Trp, K88) groups (P < 0.05), while FCR, diarrhea rate, diarrhea index, serum Trp, Kyn, IDO, D-LA, ET, and abundance of harmful microorganisms in the colon (Spirochaetes, Fusobacteria, Prevotella, Christensenellaceae R7) were lower in the HT and HTK groups than in the LT and LTK groups (P < 0.05). High Trp reduced the expression of virulence genes (K88 and LT) after E. coli F4 attack (P < 0.05). The IL-6, TNF-α was lower in the HTK group than in the LT, LTK group (P < 0.05). In short, a diet containing 0.35% Trp protected piglets from enterotoxigenic E. coli F4 (K88) via Trp metabolism promoting BD expression in the intestinal mucosa, which improved growth and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Animal Nutrition and Bio-feed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Animal Nutrition and Bio-feed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhangcheng Li
- Animal Nutrition and Bio-feed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Min Qi
- Yunnan Animal Husbandry Station, Kunming 650225, China
| | - Yibin Qiu
- Animal Nutrition and Bio-feed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhijin Hu
- Animal Nutrition and Bio-feed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fu Feng
- Animal Nutrition and Bio-feed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China; Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtche Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Hui Diao
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China; Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animtche Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Weizhong Sun
- Animal Nutrition and Bio-feed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Animal Nutrition and Bio-feed, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Zhang F, Chen M, Liu X, Ji X, Li S, Jin E. New insights into the unfolded protein response (UPR)-anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) pathway in the regulation of intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:225-232. [PMID: 38033605 PMCID: PMC10685161 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Sustained dysfunction of the intestinal barrier caused by early weaning is a major factor that induces postweaning diarrhea in weaned piglets. In both healthy and diseased states, the intestinal barrier is regulated by goblet cells. Alterations in the characteristics of goblet cells are linked to intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammatory conditions during pathogenic infections. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) in maintaining intestinal barrier function and how modifications to these systems affect mucus barrier characteristics and goblet cell dysregulation. We highlight a novel mechanism underlying the UPR-AGR2 pathway, which affects goblet cell differentiation and maturation and the synthesis and secretion of mucin by regulating epidermal growth factor receptor and mucin 2. This study provides a theoretical basis and new insights into the regulation of intestinal health in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation and Health, Chuzhou, China
| | - Mengxian Chen
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Xu Ji
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Shenghe Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation and Health, Chuzhou, China
| | - Erhui Jin
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation and Health, Chuzhou, China
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Liang C, Fu R, Chen D, Tian G, He J, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu B. Effects of mixed fibres and essential oils blend on growth performance and intestinal barrier function of piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1356-1367. [PMID: 37555469 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing mixed dietary fibres (MDF) and essential oils blend (EOB) either alone or in combination on growth performance and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC). Forty-two piglets (28 days old) were randomly allocated into six treatments in a 25-day experiment, and fed the basal diet (CON or ETEC) either with antibiotics (AT), MDF, EOB or MDF + EOB. On Day 22 of the experiment, pigs in CON and challenged groups (ETEC, AT, MDF, EOB and MDF + EOB) were orally administered sterile saline and ETEC containing 6 × 1010 CFU/kg body weight respectively. On Day 26, all pigs were euthanized to collect samples. Before ETEC challenge, piglets in MDF and EOB had lower diarrhoea incidence (p < 0.01) than others. After ETEC challenge, piglets in ETEC had lower average daily gain and higher diarrhoea incidence (p < 0.05) than those of CON. Furthermore, compared to CON, ETEC group increased the serum lipopolysaccharide concentration and diamine oxidase activity, and decreased mRNA levels of genes relating to barrier function (aquaporin 3, AQP3; mucin1, MUC1; zonula occludens-1, ZO-1; Occludin), and increased the concentration of cytokines (interleukin-1β/4/6/10, IL-1β/4/6/10) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in jejunal mucosa (p < 0.05). However, these deleterious effects induced by ETEC were partly alleviated by MDF, EOB, MDF + EOB and AT. Additionally, compared to ETEC group, MDF increased Bifidobacterium abundance in cecal digesta and butyrate concentration in colonic digesta (p < 0.05). Also, EOB improved propionate concentration in cecal digesta, and MDF + EOB decreased IL-10 concentration in jejunal mucosa (p < 0.05) compared with ETEC. Conclusively, MDF and EOB either alone or in combination can improve growth performance and alleviate diarrhoea via improving intestinal barrier function of piglets after ETEC challenge, and all may serve as potential alternatives to AT for piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Runqi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Liu ZL, Chen YJ, Meng QL, Zhang X, Wang XL. Progress in the application of Enterococcus faecium in animal husbandry. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1168189. [PMID: 37600940 PMCID: PMC10437066 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1168189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As a probiotic, enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, gastric acid resistance, bile salt resistance, etc. It can also effectively improve animal performance and immunity and improve the animal's intestinal environment, so in recent years it has been more widely used in the livestock industry. However, due to the improper use of antibiotics and the growing environmental stress of strains, the drug resistance of enterococcus faecium has become more and more serious, and because some enterococcus faecium carry virulence genes, leading to the emergence of pathogenic strains, its safety issues have been widely concerned. This paper focuses on the biological characteristics of enterococcus faecium, the application of this bacterium in animal husbandry and the safety issues in its use, with a view to providing a reference for the application of enterococcus faecium in the development of animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xue-li Wang
- Inner Mongolia Minzu University, College of Animal Science and Technology, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
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Cull CA, Singu VK, Bromm JJ, Lechtenberg KF, Amachawadi RG, Cull BJ. Effects of Core Antigen Bacterin with an Immunostimulant on Piglet Health and Performance Outcomes When Challenged with Enteric and Respiratory Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:599. [PMID: 36978466 PMCID: PMC10045215 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 90 pigs, approximately one day of age, were used in a 42-day study to evaluate whether Endovac-Porci, a core antigen vaccine with an immunostimulant, provides piglets with broad-spectrum protection against the enteric and respiratory effects of Gram-negative bacteria. This study was a single-site, randomized, prospective, blinded, comparative placebo-controlled design. Individual pigs were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatments in a randomized design. An individual pig was considered the experimental unit for the farrowing phase (Study day 0 to 21), and the pen was considered the experimental unit for the nursery phase (Study day 21 to 42). Thus, there were 45 replications per treatment during the farrowing phase and 15 replications per treatment during the nursery phase. Treatments included a control product (saline; CP) and an investigational product (Endovac-Porci; IVP). On Study day 23, all pigs were challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain expressing K88 (F4) fimbriae and Pasteurella multocida. Individual pigs were weighed and feed consumption was measured to determine body weight gain, average daily gain, and feed-to-gain ratio. Clinical and fecal scores and overall health were recorded daily. Overall, administering the IVP to pigs led to an increase (p < 0.01) in body weight gain and average daily gain compared to pigs administered the CP. Pigs administered the IVP had reduced (p < 0.01) mortality compared to pigs administered the CP. There was a Study day × treatment interaction on clinical and fecal scores (p < 0.01). There was also a main effect of Study day where clinical and fecal scores increased (p < 0.01) as the Study day increased. Treatment also had an effect on clinical and fecal scores, where pigs administered the IVP had lower (p < 0.01) clinical and fecal scores compared to pigs administered the CP. In conclusion, administering pigs with the Endovac-Porci vaccination significantly improved the performance (i.e., body weight, body weight gain, and average daily gain) and health (i.e., clinical and fecal scores), while reducing the overall mortality in pigs challenged with E. coli K88 orally and Pasteurella multocida intranasally post-weaning. Results from this study suggest that Endovac-Porci could provide broad-spectrum protection against enteric and respiratory effects of Gram-negative bacteria in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charley A. Cull
- Midwest Veterinary Services, Inc., Oakland, NE 68045, USA; (V.K.S.); (J.J.B.); (K.F.L.); (B.J.C.)
- Central States Research Centre, Inc., Oakland, NE 68045, USA
| | - Vijay K. Singu
- Midwest Veterinary Services, Inc., Oakland, NE 68045, USA; (V.K.S.); (J.J.B.); (K.F.L.); (B.J.C.)
- Central States Research Centre, Inc., Oakland, NE 68045, USA
| | - Jenna J. Bromm
- Midwest Veterinary Services, Inc., Oakland, NE 68045, USA; (V.K.S.); (J.J.B.); (K.F.L.); (B.J.C.)
- Central States Research Centre, Inc., Oakland, NE 68045, USA
| | - Kelly F. Lechtenberg
- Midwest Veterinary Services, Inc., Oakland, NE 68045, USA; (V.K.S.); (J.J.B.); (K.F.L.); (B.J.C.)
- Central States Research Centre, Inc., Oakland, NE 68045, USA
| | - Raghavendra G. Amachawadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Brooke J. Cull
- Midwest Veterinary Services, Inc., Oakland, NE 68045, USA; (V.K.S.); (J.J.B.); (K.F.L.); (B.J.C.)
- Central States Research Centre, Inc., Oakland, NE 68045, USA
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8
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Liu Y, Wu A, Mo R, Zhou Q, Song L, Li Z, Zhao H, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Feng B, Zhuo Y, Wu D, Che L. Dietary lysolecithin supplementation improves growth performance of weaned piglets via improving nutrients absorption, lipid metabolism, and redox status. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad293. [PMID: 37668533 PMCID: PMC10541851 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysolecithin is widely used as emulsifier to improve the digestibility and retention of fat. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary lysolecithin supplementation on growth performance, nutrients absorption, lipid metabolism, and redox status of weaned pigs. A total of 60 weaned piglets were assigned into 2 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design, receiving basal diet with 0 or 1,000 mg/kg lysolecithin for a period of 28 d. Each dietary treatment had 10 replicates with 3 piglets per replicate. Growth performance and fecal score were monitored during trial. Samples of blood, ileum, and liver tissues were collected and analyzed for serology, intestinal histomorphology, and lipid metabolism-related gene and protein expressions. Dietary lysolecithin supplementation increased average daily gain (+15%, P < 0.05) and tended to increase average daily feed intake (+14%, P = 0.08) in overall experimental period. At final, the average body weight of piglets in lysolecithin group was 10% greater than that of control group (P = 0.09). In addition, dietary lysolecithin supplementation improved the ability of nutrients absorption as indicated by the higher d-xylose level in plasma (P < 0.05). Moreover, piglets from lysolecithin group had higher concentration of high-density lipoprotein (P < 0.05), but lower triglyceride (P < 0.05) in plasma. The inclusion of lysolecithin in diet increased the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in plasma and liver (P < 0.05), but attenuated the levels of malondialdehyde and GSSG in ileum (P < 0.05). The upregulation of lipogenesis-related genes (FAS and ACC), downregulation of lipolysis (PNPLA2 and PABP1), and lipid mobilization (PGC-1α and SRIT1) genes were observed in lysolecithin relative to control piglets. Compared with control group, dietary lysolecithin supplementation upregulated protein expressions of GPX4, SREBP1, and LPL in liver and LPL in ileum (P < 0.05). Collectively, our study indicates that dietary lysolecithin supplementation improved growth performance of weaned piglets, which may be associated with the improved nutrients absorption, redox status, and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ruixia Mo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianghui Song
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Kemin (China) Technologies Co., Ltd., Sanzao, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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The improvement of parturition duration by high intake of dietary fibre in late gestation is associated with gut microbiota and metabolome in sows. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:2341-2352. [PMID: 35152932 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged parturition duration has been widely demonstrated to be a risk factor for incidence of stillbirth. This study evaluated the supply of dietary fibre on the parturition duration, gut microbiota and metabolome using sows as a model. A total of 40 Yorkshire sows were randomly given diet containing normal level of dietary fibre (NDF, 17·5 % dietary fibre) or high level of dietary fibre (HDF, 33·5 % dietary fibre). Faecal microbiota profiled with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, SCFA and metabolome in the faeces and plasma around parturition were compared between the dietary groups. Correlation analysis was conducted to further explore the potential associations between specific bacterial taxa and metabolites. Results showed that HDF diet significantly improved the parturition process as presented by the shorter parturition duration. HDF diet increased the abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Synergistetes and multiple genera. Except for butyrate, SCFA levels in the faeces and plasma of sows at parturition were elevated in HDF group. The abundances of fifteen and twelve metabolites in the faeces and plasma, respectively, markedly differ between HDF and NDF sows. These metabolites are involved in energy metabolism and bacterial metabolism. Correlation analysis also showed associations between specific bacteria taxa and metabolites. Collectively, our study indicates that the improvement of parturition duration by high fibre intake in late gestation is associated with gut microbiota, production of SCFA and other metabolites, potentially serving for energy metabolism.
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Shao Y, Zhen W, Guo F, Hu Z, Zhang K, Kong L, Guo Y, Wang Z. Pretreatment with probiotics Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium-induced gut injury through modulating intestinal microbiome and immune responses with barrier function in broiler chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:130. [PMID: 36221113 PMCID: PMC9555120 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preventing Salmonella infection and colonization in young birds is key to improving poultry gut health and reducing Salmonella contamination of poultry products and decreasing salmonellosis for human consumption (poultry meat and eggs). Probiotics can improve poultry health. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of a probiotics, Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 (E. faecium NCIMB 11181) on the intestinal mucosal immune responses, microbiome and barrier function in the presence or absence of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium, ST) infection. Methods Two hundred and forty 1-day-old Salmonella-free male broiler chickens (Arbor Acres AA+) were randomly allocated to four groups with 6 replicate cages of 10 birds each. The four experimental groups were follows: (1) negative control (NC), (2) S. Typhimurium, challenged positive control (PC), (3) the E. faecium NCIMB 11181-treated group (EF), (4) the E. faecium NCIMB 11181-treated and S. Typhimurium-challenged group (PEF). Results Results indicated that, although continuous feeding E. faecium NCIMB 11181 did not obviously alleviate growth depression caused by S. Typhimurium challenge (P > 0.05), E. faecium NCIMB 11181 addition significantly blocked Salmonella intestinal colonization and translocation (P < 0.05). Moreover, supplemental E. faecium NCIMB 11181 to the infected chickens remarkably attenuated gut morphological structure damage and intestinal cell apoptosis induced by S. Typhimurium infection, as evidenced by increasing gut villous height and reducing intestinal TUNEL-positive cell numbers (P < 0.05). Also, E. faecium NCIMB 11181 administration notably promoting the production of anti-Salmonella antibodies in intestinal mucosa and serum of the infected birds (P < 0.05). Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that E. faecium NCIMB 11181 supplementation ameliorated S. Typhimurium infection-induced gut microbial dysbiosis by enriching Lachnospiracease and Alistipes levels, and suppressing Barnesiella abundance. Predicted function analysis indicated that the functional genes of cecal microbiome involved in C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism; valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis; glycerolipid metabolism and lysine biosynthesis were enriched in the infected chickens given E. faecium NCIMB 11181. While alanine, asparate and glutamate metabolism; MAPK signal pathway-yeast; ubiquine and other terpenoid-quinore biosynthesis, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum; as well as glutathione metabolism were suppressed by E. faecium NCIMB 11181 addition. Conclusion Collectively, our data suggested that dietary E. faecium NCIBM 11181 supplementation could ameliorate S. Typhimurium infection-induced gut injury in broiler chickens. Our findings also suggest that E. faecium NCIMB 11181 may serve as an effective non-antibiotic feed additive for improving gut health and controlling Salmonella infection in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Shao
- College of Biology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenrui Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Province of Henan, Luoyang, China
| | - Fangshen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeqiong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaichen Zhang
- Tengzhou Heyi Food Co. Ltd, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Linhua Kong
- Tengzhou Heyi Food Co. Ltd, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Yang Z, Liu X, Wu Y, Peng J, Wei H. Effect of the Microbiome on Intestinal Innate Immune Development in Early Life and the Potential Strategy of Early Intervention. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936300. [PMID: 35928828 PMCID: PMC9344006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life is a vital period for mammals to be colonized with the microbiome, which profoundly influences the development of the intestinal immune function. For neonates to resist pathogen infection and avoid gastrointestinal illness, the intestinal innate immune system is critical. Thus, this review summarizes the development of the intestinal microbiome and the intestinal innate immune barrier, including the intestinal epithelium and immune cells from the fetal to the weaning period. Moreover, the impact of the intestinal microbiome on innate immune development and the two main way of early-life intervention including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) also are discussed in this review. We hope to highlight the crosstalk between early microbial colonization and intestinal innate immunity development and offer some information for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangchen Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanting Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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12
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Whole Genome Sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli BE311 for Fluorescence Labeling and Enterotoxin Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147502. [PMID: 35886856 PMCID: PMC9321511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Some prevention strategies, including vaccines and antibiotic alternatives, have been developed to reduce enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli proliferation in animal production. In this study, a wild-type strain of BE311 with a virulent heat-stable enterotoxin gene identical to E. coli K99 was isolated for its high potential for gene expression ability. The whole genome of E. coli BE311 was sequenced for gene analyses and editing. Subsequently, the fluorescent gene mCherry was successfully knocked into the genome of E. coli BE311 by CRISPR/Cas9. The E. coli BE311−mCherry strain was precisely quantified through the fluorescence intensity and red colony counting. The inflammatory factors in different intestinal tissues all increased significantly after an E. coli BE311−mCherry challenge in Sprague−Dawley rats (p < 0.05). The heat-stable enterotoxin gene of E. coli BE311 was knocked out, and an attenuated vaccine host E. coli BE311-STKO was constructed. Flow cytometry showed apoptotic cell numbers were lower following a challenge of IPEC-J2 cells with E. coli BE311-STKO than with E. coli BE311. Therefore, the E. coli BE311−mCherry and E. coli BE311-STKO strains that were successfully constructed based on the gene knock-in and knock-out technology could be used as ideal candidates in ETEC challenge models and for the development of attenuated vaccines.
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13
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Zhao L, Lu W, Mao Z, Mou D, Huang L, Yang M, Ding D, Yan H, Fang Z, Che L, Zhuo Y, Jiang X, Xu S, Lin Y, Li J, Huang C, Zou Y, Li L, Wu D, Feng B. Maternal VD 3 supplementation during gestation improves intestinal health and microbial composition of weaning piglets. Food Funct 2022; 13:6830-6842. [PMID: 35687102 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04303j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD3) has been reported to improve the reproductive performance of sows. This study was conducted to investigate the long-term effect of maternal VD3 supplementation during gestation on the intestinal health of piglets. Twenty-three Landrace × Yorkshire gilts were randomly allocated into two groups to receive one of the following two diets during gestation: basal diet (CON group, 800 IU VD3 per kg diet, n = 12) and VD3 supplemented diet (VD3 group, 2000 IU VD3 per kg diet, n = 11). All sows were then fed with the same diet during lactation. Results showed that maternal VD3 supplementation during lactation tended to decrease (p = 0.08) the body weight loss of sows during lactation compared to the CON group. Besides, the relative length and weight of the small intestine (SI) and the villus height of the duodenum and ileum in weaning piglets were much higher (p < 0.05) in the VD3 group than those in the CON group, though their body weight was not changed. Meanwhile, maternal VD3 supplementation significantly upregulated the expression levels of IGF-1, IGF-2R, VDR, GLUT-2 and CAT1 in the duodenum (p < 0.05), and increased the expression levels of IGF-1, IGF-1R, IGF-2R, VDR, Occludin, ZO-1, MUC2, PEPT1 and CAT1 (p < 0.05) in the jejunum of suckling piglets compared with the CON group. Besides, the concentration of SigA in the jejunum of suckling piglets was higher (p < 0.05) in the VD3 group than that in the CON group. In addition, maternal VD3 supplementation significantly increased the contents of short chain fatty acids and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium (p < 0.05) in the feces of weaning piglets compared to the CON group. Moreover, the relative abundance of unidentified_Lachnospiraceae in the feces of weaning piglets tended to be higher (p = 0.05), while that of unidentified_Spirochaetaceae was lower (p < 0.05) in the VD3 group than those in the CON group. Taken together, maternal VD3 supplementation during gestation could improve the intestinal function and microbiota in suckling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianpeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, No. 6 Teaching Building, Room 604, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, No. 6 Teaching Building, Room 604, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Zhengyu Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, No. 6 Teaching Building, Room 604, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Daolin Mou
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, No. 6 Teaching Building, Room 604, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Long Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, No. 6 Teaching Building, Room 604, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, No. 6 Teaching Building, Room 604, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Dajiang Ding
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, No. 6 Teaching Building, Room 604, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, No. 6 Teaching Building, Room 604, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, No. 6 Teaching Building, Room 604, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, No. 6 Teaching Building, Room 604, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, No. 6 Teaching Building, Room 604, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, No. 6 Teaching Building, Room 604, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, No. 6 Teaching Building, Room 604, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, No. 6 Teaching Building, Room 604, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, No. 6 Teaching Building, Room 604, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, No. 6 Teaching Building, Room 604, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, No. 6 Teaching Building, Room 604, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Effects of dietary supplementation with essential oils and protease on growth performance, antioxidation, inflammation and intestinal function of weaned pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 9:39-48. [PMID: 35949988 PMCID: PMC9344314 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This experiment evaluated the impacts of essential oils (EO) and protease (PRO), independently or in combination, on growth performance, antioxidation, inflammation and intestinal function of weaned pigs. One hundred and sixty weaned pigs (21 d of age, BW of 6.74 ± 0.20 kg) were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 8 replicate pens of 5 pigs per pen. Dietary treatments included the following: 1) control diet (CON), 2) CON with 300 mg/kg essential oils (EO), 3) CON with 500 mg/kg protease (PRO), 4) CON with 300 mg/kg essential oil and 500 mg/kg protease (EO + PRO). On d 8, one pig from each pen was selected for sampling. The remaining pigs were fed for an additional week and growth performance was monitored during this period. Dietary treatments had no marked effects (P > 0.05) on the growth performance of pigs. However, pigs receiving EO diet had higher (P < 0.05) serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and tended to decrease (P = 0.063) serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In addition, pigs receiving EO diet had higher (P < 0.05) abundances of phylum Actinobacteria, and genera Bifidobacterium, and lower (P < 0.05) phylum Bacteroidetes and genera Alloprevotella in colonic digesta. Pigs receiving PRO diet decreased (P < 0.05) the serum concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and diamine oxidase activity, increased (P < 0.05) the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in duodenum, increased sucrase activity in jejunal mucosa, and also increased the abundance of phylum Actinobacteria in colonic digesta. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of EO and PRO was observed (P < 0.05) for pigs with decreasing serum TNF-α concentration and increasing serum GSH-Px activity. Collectively, the results indicated that dietary supplementation of EO and PRO had no significant effects on growth performance of weaned pigs. EO diet appeared to improve antioxidant activity and intestinal microbiota, while PRO diet improved intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activity, and there was a synergistic effect of EO and PRO on reducing inflammatory parameters in weaned pigs.
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Pupa P, Apiwatsiri P, Sirichokchatchawan W, Pirarat N, Nedumpun T, Hampson DJ, Muangsin N, Prapasarakul N. Microencapsulated probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and/or Pediococcus acidilactici strains ameliorate diarrhoea in piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7210. [PMID: 35505092 PMCID: PMC9065055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (strains 22F and 25F) and Pediococcus acidilactici (strain 72N) have displayed antibacterial activity in vitro, suggesting that they could be used to support intestinal health in pigs. The aim of this study was to determine if microencapsulated probiotics could reduce the severity of infection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in weaned pigs. Sixty healthy neonatal piglets were cross-fostered and separated into five groups. Piglets to be given the microencapsulated probiotics received these orally on days 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Only piglets in groups 1 and 5 did not receive probiotics: those in groups 2 and 4 received the three microencapsulated probiotic strains (multi-strain probiotic), and piglets in group 3 received microencapsulated P. acidilactici strain 72N. After weaning, the pigs in groups 3-5 were challenged with 5 mL (at 109 CFU/mL) of pathogenic ETEC strain L3.2 carrying the k88, staP, and stb virulence genes. The multi-strain probiotic enhanced the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of weaned piglets after the ETEC challenge (group 4), whilst supplementing with the single-strain probiotic increased FCR (group 3). Piglets in groups 3 and 4 developed mild to moderate diarrhoea and fever. In the probiotic-fed piglets there was an increase in lactic acid bacteria count and a decrease in E. coli count in the faeces. By using real-time PCR, virulence genes were detected at lower levels in the faeces of pigs that had received the probiotic strains. Using the MILLIPLEX MAP assay, probiotic supplementation was shown to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα), while group 4 had high levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). Challenged piglets receiving probiotics had milder intestinal lesions with better morphology, including greater villous heights and villous height per crypt depth ratios, than pigs just receiving ETEC. In conclusion, prophylactic administration of microencapsulated probiotic strains may improve outcomes in weaned pigs with colibacillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawiya Pupa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Prasert Apiwatsiri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Nopadon Pirarat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Teerawut Nedumpun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - David J Hampson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, 6150, Australia
| | - Nongnuj Muangsin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Diagnosis and Monitoring Animal Pathogens Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Palkovicsné Pézsa N, Kovács D, Gálfi P, Rácz B, Farkas O. Effect of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 on Gut Barrier Function, Internal Redox State, Proinflammatory Response and Pathogen Inhibition Properties in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071486. [PMID: 35406099 PMCID: PMC9002907 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In farm animals, intestinal diseases caused by Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli may lead to significant economic loss. In the past few decades, the swine industry has largely relied on the prophylactic use of antibiotics to control gastrointestinal diseases. The development of antibiotic resistance has become an important issue both in animal and human health. The use of antibiotics for prophylactic purposes has been banned, moreover the new EU regulations further restrict the application of antibiotics in veterinary use. The swine industry seeks alternatives that are capable of maintaining the health of the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics offer a promising alternative; however, their mode of action is not fully understood. In our experiments, porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2 cells) were challenged by Salmonella Typhimurium or Escherichia coli and we aimed at determining the effect of pre-, co-, and post-treatment with Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 on the internal redox state, paracellular permeability, IL-6 and IL-8 secretion of IPEC-J2 cells. Moreover, the adhesion inhibition effect was also investigated. Enterococcus faecium was able to reduce oxidative stress and paracellular permeability of IPEC-J2 cells and could inhibit the adhesion of Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Based on our results, Enterococcus faecium is a promising candidate to maintain the health of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Palkovicsné Pézsa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (P.G.); (O.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dóra Kovács
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (P.G.); (O.F.)
| | - Péter Gálfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (P.G.); (O.F.)
| | - Bence Rácz
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Orsolya Farkas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (D.K.); (P.G.); (O.F.)
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17
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Ren LL, Zhou JY, Liang SJ, Wang XQ. Impaired intestinal stem cell activity in ETEC infection: enterotoxins, cyclic nucleotides, and Wnt signaling. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1213-1225. [PMID: 35226135 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in humans and animals colonizes the intestine and thereafter secrets heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) with or without heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), which triggers massive fluid and electrolyte secretion into the gut lumen. The crosstalk between the cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase/cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cAMP or cGMP/CFTR) pathway involved in ETEC-induced diarrhea channels, and the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway leads to changes in intestinal stem cell (ISC) fates, which are strongly associated with developmental disorders caused by diarrhea. We review how alterations in enterotoxin-activated ion channel pathways and the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can explain inhibited intestinal epithelial activity, characterize alterations in the crosstalk of cyclic nucleotides, and predict harmful effects on ISCs in targeted therapy. Besides, we discuss current deficits in the understanding of enterotoxin-intestinal epithelial cell activity relationships that should be considered when interpreting sequelae of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Ren
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shao-Jie Liang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Peng X, Huang Y, Wang G, He Y, Hu L, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Feng B, Li J, Tang J, Hua L, Jiang X, Zhuo Y, Che L, Wu D. Maternal Long-Term Intake of Inulin Improves Fetal Development through Gut Microbiota and Related Metabolites in a Rat Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1840-1851. [PMID: 35129337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adequate dietary fiber intake during gestation is critical for maternal-fetal health. This experiment aims to uncover the impacts of maternal long-term intake of inulin on fetal development and its underlying mechanism. Eighty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups receiving either a fiber-free diet or an inulin diet (inulin) for three parities. On the 19th day of pregnancy in the third parity, blood, intestinal, placental, and colonic digesta samples were collected. Results showed that maternal intake of inulin significantly decreased the within-litter birth weight variation in parities 2 and 3. Inulin intake modified the gut microbiome profiles and elevated the colonic contents of short chain fatty acids (propionate and butyrate). Inulin decreased the serotonin (5-HT) concentration in the colon, whereas it increased the 5-HT concentrations in serum and placenta and the number of 5-HT+ enterochromaffin cells in the colon. The protein expression of melatonin-synthesizing enzyme (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase) and the melatonin concentration in the placenta were also increased by inulin. Inulin improved the placental redox status and nutrient transport. These findings indicated that maternal long-term intake of inulin improves fetal development by altering the intestinal microbiota and related metabolites in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Peng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yingyan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guixiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liang Hu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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19
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Peng SS, Li Y, Chen Q, Hu Q, He Y, Che L, Jiang PP. Intestinal and Mucosal Microbiome Response to Oral Challenge of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Weaned Pigs. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020160. [PMID: 35215105 PMCID: PMC8879466 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is closely associated with diarrhoea in children in resource-limited countries. This study aims to investigate the change of the mucosal microbiome and protein expression in the ileum induced by E. coli K88 (ETEC) using pigs as a model. Seven weaned male pigs were orally given ETEC (1 × 109 CFU, n = 7), and the other seven received saline (CON, n = 7). Ileal tissues were obtained 48 hours after the ETEC challenge for both proteomic and mucosal microbiome analyses. Nine proteins were found with altered abundance between the two groups, including a decrease in FABP1 and FABP6, involved in bile acid circulation. The TLR-9 mediated pathway was also affected showing increased transcription of genes SIGIRR and MyD88. Correlations between the ileal proteins and mucosal bacterial taxa found included a positive correlation between Lactobacilllus and PPP3CA (r = 0.9, p < 0.001) and a negative correlation between Prevotella with CTNND1 (r = −0.7, p < 0.01). In conclusion, ETEC infection caused inflammation and impaired the circulation of bile acids and the mucosal microbiome may affect the expression of intestinal proteins. Further studies are needed to explain the exact roles of these affected processes in the pathogenesis of ETEC-triggered diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Peng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Yingjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance and Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Qiuhong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance and Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Qi Hu
- The Neomics Institute, Shenzhen 518122, China;
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance and Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance and Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (Q.C.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (P.-P.J.)
| | - Ping-Ping Jiang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (P.-P.J.)
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20
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Emodin Improves Intestinal Health and Immunity through Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Mice Infected by Pathogenic Escherichia coli O 1. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113314. [PMID: 34828045 PMCID: PMC8614316 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of emodin on the intestinal mucosal barrier of a mouse E. coli O1-induced diarrhea model was observed. Following successful establishment of a diarrhea model, the mice were treated with drugs for seven days. Intestinal lesions and the shape and the number of goblet cells were assessed via hematoxylin-eosin and periodic-acid-Schiff staining, while changes in inflammatory factors, ultrastructure of the small intestine, expression of MUC-2, and changes in the intestinal microbiota were analyzed via RT-PCR, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and 16S rRNA sequencing. Examination showed that emodin ameliorated pathological damage to the intestines of diarrheic mice. RT-PCR indicated that emodin reduced TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6, MPO, and COX-2 mRNA levels in duodenal tissues and increased the levels of sIgA and MUC-2 and the number of goblet cells. Microbiome analysis revealed that Escherichia coli O1 reduced bacterial richness and altered the distribution pattern of bacterial communities at the phylum and order levels in cecum contents. Notably, pathogenic Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales were significantly increased in diarrheic mice. However, emodin reversed the trend. Thus, emodin protected against intestinal damage induced by E. coli O1 and improved intestinal mucosal barrier function in mice by increasing the abundance of beneficial intestinal microbiota and inhibiting the abundance of harmful bacteria, thereby alleviating diarrhea.
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21
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Different Responses of Microbiota across Intestinal Tract to Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1 and Their Correlation with Inflammation in Weaned Piglets. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081767. [PMID: 34442847 PMCID: PMC8402050 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium HDRsEf1 (HDRsEf1) was identified to reduce the incidence of diarrhea in weaned piglets, but the mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Based on the fact that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating inflammatory responses, the effects of HDRsEf1 on microbiota across the intestinal tract in weaned piglets were investigated. Microbiota from the luminal contents and the mucosa of the ileum, cecum, and colon of HDRsEf1-treated piglets were explored by 16S rRNA sequencing and qPCR. It was demonstrated that microbiota in different gut niches responded specifically to HDRsEf1, with major alterations occurring in the ileum and cecum. The total bacterial load of microbiota in ileal luminal contents and the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella in the ileal mucosa was significantly down-regulated by HDRsEf1 administration, while the relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria (including Clostridiaceae-1, Rumencoccidae, and Erysipelotrichaceae) in cecal luminal contents was significantly up-regulated. Moreover, the utilization of HDRsEf1 improved intestinal morphological development and reduced the inflammatory response, which were negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella in the ileal mucosa and butyrate-producing bacteria in cecal luminal contents, respectively. Collectively, this study suggests that the administration of HDRsEf1 alters gut microbiota, thereby alleviating inflammation and improving intestinal morphological development in weaned piglets.
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Ma T, Peng W, Liu Z, Gao T, Liu W, Zhou D, Yang K, Guo R, Duan Z, Liang W, Bei W, Yuan F, Tian Y. Tea polyphenols inhibit the growth and virulence of ETEC K88. Microb Pathog 2020; 152:104640. [PMID: 33232763 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Diarrhea caused by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes high levels of morbidity and mortality in neonatal piglets. Owing to the abuse of antibiotics and emergence of drug resistance, antibiotics are no longer considered only beneficial, but also potentially harmful drugs. Supplements that can inhibit the growth of bacteria are expected to replace antibiotics. Tea polyphenols have numerous important biological functions, including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive effects. We investigated the role of tea polyphenols in ETEC K88 infection using a mouse model. Pretreating with tea polyphenols attenuated the symptoms induced by ETEC K88. Furthermore, in a cell adherence assay, tea polyphenols inhibited ETEC K88 adherence to IPEC-J2 cells. When cells were infected with ETEC K88, mRNA and protein levels of claudin-1 were significantly decreased compared with those of control cells. However, when cells were pretreated with tea polyphenols, claudin-1 mRNA and protein levels were higher than those in cells without pretreatment upon cell infection with ETEC K88. TLR2 mRNA levels were also higher following cell infection with ETEC K88 when cells were pretreated with tea polyphenols. These data revealed that tea polyphenols could increase the barrier integrity of IPEC-J2 cells by upregulating expression of claudin-1 through activation of TLR2. Tea polyphenols had beneficial effects on epithelial barrier function. Therefore, tea polyphenols could be used as a novel strategy to control and treat pig infections caused by ETEC K88.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Danna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Zhengying Duan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Wan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.
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23
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Li X, Wu Y, Xu Z, Chen J, Li Y, Xing H, Zhang X, Yuan J. Effects of Hetiao Jianpi Decoction on Intestinal Injury and Repair in Rats with Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921745. [PMID: 32062668 PMCID: PMC7043351 DOI: 10.12659/msm.921745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Through observing the changes of indexes of the intestinal mucosal barrier and intestinal flora in rats, we explored the mechanism by which Hetiao Jianpi Decoction (HTJPD) treats antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) by repairing intestinal mucosal injury and regulating intestinal flora. MATERIAL AND METHODS Samples of colon tissues were collected for HE staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess levels of diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactic acid in rat plasma and the expression of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in colon tissue. We assessed the abundance of intestinal contents by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS Compared with the Model group, the muscle layer and intestinal mucosal edema were improved, and the continuity was restored; the levels of DAO and D-lactic acid in plasma decreased, and the SIgA level were increased in the HTJPD group. The structure of the intestinal flora changed, as indicated by increased levels of certain beneficial bacteria (Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, CF231, and Akkermansia), decreased levels of pathogenic bacteria (Spirochaetes and Treponema), and increased species diversity. CONCLUSIONS By improving the permeability and immune function of the intestinal mucosa, Hetiao Jianpi decoction prevented the occurrence of AAD by repairing the intestinal mucosal damage and regulating the structure and diversity of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yueying Wu
- College of First Clinical Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenyuan Xu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland).,Provincial Innovation Team of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine to Regulate Human Microecology, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yuqing Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland).,Provincial Innovation Team of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine to Regulate Human Microecology, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Haijing Xing
- College of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland).,Provincial Innovation Team of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine to Regulate Human Microecology, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland).,Provincial Innovation Team of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine to Regulate Human Microecology, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Jiali Yuan
- Provincial Innovation Team of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine for Traditional Chinese Medicine to Regulate Human Microecology, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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