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Martins WK, Silva MDND, Pandey K, Maejima I, Ramalho E, Olivon VC, Diniz SN, Grasso D. Autophagy-targeted therapy to modulate age-related diseases: Success, pitfalls, and new directions. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100033. [PMID: 34909664 PMCID: PMC8663935 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical metabolic process that supports homeostasis at a basal level and is dynamically regulated in response to various physiological and pathological processes. Autophagy has some etiologic implications that support certain pathological processes due to alterations in the lysosomal-degradative pathway. Some of the conditions related to autophagy play key roles in highly relevant human diseases, e.g., cardiovascular diseases (15.5%), malignant and other neoplasms (9.4%), and neurodegenerative conditions (3.7%). Despite advances in the discovery of new strategies to treat these age-related diseases, autophagy has emerged as a therapeutic option after preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we discuss the pitfalls and success in regulating autophagy initiation and its lysosome-dependent pathway to restore its homeostatic role and mediate therapeutic effects for cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiac diseases. The main challenge for the development of autophagy regulators for clinical application is the lack of specificity of the repurposed drugs, due to the low pharmacological uniqueness of their target, including those that target the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK pathway. Then, future efforts must be conducted to deal with this scenery, including the disclosure of key components in the autophagy machinery that may intervene in its therapeutic regulation. Among all efforts, those focusing on the development of novel allosteric inhibitors against autophagy inducers, as well as those targeting autolysosomal function, and their integration into therapeutic regimens should remain a priority for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleska Kerllen Martins
- Laboratory of Cell and Membrane (LCM), Anhanguera University of São Paulo (UNIAN), Rua Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães, 3,305. Pirituba, São Paulo, 05145-200, Brazil
| | - Maryana do Nascimento da Silva
- Laboratory of Cell and Membrane (LCM), Anhanguera University of São Paulo (UNIAN), Rua Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães, 3,305. Pirituba, São Paulo, 05145-200, Brazil
| | - Kiran Pandey
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, Meyer Building, Room 823, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Ikuko Maejima
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 3718512, Japan
| | - Ercília Ramalho
- Laboratory of Cell and Membrane (LCM), Anhanguera University of São Paulo (UNIAN), Rua Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães, 3,305. Pirituba, São Paulo, 05145-200, Brazil
| | - Vania Claudia Olivon
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Physiology, UNIDERP, Av. Ceará, 333. Vila Miguel Couto, Campo Grande, MS, 79003-010, Brazil
| | - Susana Nogueira Diniz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Anhanguera University of São Paulo (UNIAN), Rua Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães, 3,305. Pirituba, São Paulo, 05145-200, Brazil
| | - Daniel Grasso
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Junín 954 p4, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
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Lin L, Huang Y, Zhuang W, Lin P, Ma X. miR-100 inhibits cell proliferation in mantle cell lymphoma by targeting mTOR. Exp Hematol Oncol 2020; 9:25. [PMID: 32999755 PMCID: PMC7519521 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-020-00182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background miR-100 is reported to be associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, the function of miR-100 in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is unknown. The purpose of this study is to analyze the abnormal expression of miR-100 and mTOR in MCL together with their potential biological function and pathogenesis. Method Eighteen MCL tissue samples and 3 cell lines (Jeko-1, Mino, Granta-519) were investigated in this research study, while eighteen samples of proliferative lymphadenitis from patients and peripheral lymphocyte cells from healthy volunteers served as controls. The expression and alteration of miR-100 and mTOR mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. The expression and alteration of mTOR protein were explored by Western blot. LV-miR-100-up and LV-mTOR-RNAi were constructed and transfected by lentivirus transfection. Cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and the cell cycle were detected using CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Bioinformatics prediction software was used to predict the miR-100 target gene of mTOR. A double luciferase experiment was used to verify miR-100 targeting at the mTOR-3′-UTR. The interaction between miR-100 and mTOR was further studied using recovery experiments. GraphPad Prism 7 software (version 7.2) was used for statistical analysis, and a P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results We found that the expression of miR-100 mRNA in MCL tissues and cell lines was lower, while that of the mTOR protein was higher. There was a negative correlation between miR-100 and mTOR in both MCL tissues and cell lines. Promoting miR-100 and inhibiting mTOR could inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell apoptosis and block the cell cycle in the G1 phase. A double luciferase reporter assay showed that mTOR was one of the target genes of miR-100. The recovery experiment demonstrated that PV-mTOR-up partially set off the effect of LV-miR-100-up on decreasing mTOR expression, inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis and blocking the cell cycle in G1 phase in both Jeko-1 and Mino cells. Conclusions Abnormal expression of miR-100 and mTOR was found in MCL, which included downregulation of miR-100 and upregulation of mTOR. The expression of mTOR is negatively correlated with miR-100. It may play an important role in MCL pathogenesis. miR-100 up-regulation can inhibit cell proliferation, promote cell apoptosis, and inhibit cell cycle in G1 phase by targeting the mTOR gene. miR-100 may potentially be an anti-mantle cell lymphoma gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhui Lin
- Department of Hematology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian China
| | - Yiqun Huang
- Department of Hematology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Department of Hematology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian China
| | - Ping Lin
- Graduate School, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian China
| | - Xudong Ma
- Department of Hematology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian China
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Safety and efficacy of temsirolimus in combination with three different immuno-chemotherapy regimens in relapse and refractory mantle cell lymphoma, final results of the T 3 phase IB trial of the LYSA. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:1771-1778. [PMID: 32601796 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma has a dismal prognosis at relapse or in the refractory setting. Among therapies, mTor pathway targeting by temsirolimus has been the first strategy approved for relapse in Europe. While its efficacy in monotherapy has long been demonstrated, its use remains limited. In the T3 phase Ib clinical trial, we investigated the recommended dose of temsirolimus in association with R-CHOP (R-CHOP-T), or high-dose cytarabine plus rituximab (R-DHA-T), or fludarabine, cyclophosphamide plus rituximab (R-FC-T). From November 11, 2011 to February 26, 2015, forty-one patients were enrolled. Patients presented with high MIPI (47.5%) at relapse and a median number of treatments of 1 (1-3). Patients were treated by R-CHOP-T (n = 10), R-FC-T (n = 14), or R-DHA-T (n = 17) according to the choice of local investigators. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 15 mg in the R-CHOP-T arm and has not been determined in other treatment arms because of toxicities. All patients experienced ≥ Grade 3 adverse events, mainly thrombocytopenia (76%). Twenty-six patients discontinued prematurely the treatment, mostly for toxicity (n = 12) and progression of the disease (n = 8). Of note, 6 patients of the R-DHA-T arm reached complete remission (35%). Temsirolimus with immuno-chemotherapy is associated with a high rate of toxicities. Determination of MTD could only be achieved for R-CHOP-T arm. Associations between temsirolimus and other targeted therapies may be warranted for R/R MCL patients.
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Mastorci K, Montico B, Faè DA, Sigalotti L, Ponzoni M, Inghirami G, Dolcetti R, Dal Col J. Phospholipid scramblase 1 as a critical node at the crossroad between autophagy and apoptosis in mantle cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41913-41928. [PMID: 27248824 PMCID: PMC5173105 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive haematological malignancy in which the response to therapy can be limited by aberrantly activated molecular and cellular pathways, among which autophagy was recently listed. Our study shows that the 9-cis-retinoic acid (RA)/Interferon(IFN)-α combination induces protective autophagy in MCL cell lines and primary cultures reducing the extent of drug-induced apoptosis. The treatment significantly up-regulates phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1), a protein which bi-directionally flips lipids across membranes. In particular, RA/IFN-α combination concomitantly increases PLSCR1 transcription and controls PLSCR1 protein levels via lysosomal degradation. Herein we describe a new function for PLSCR1 as negative regulator of autophagy. Indeed, PLSCR1 overexpression reduced MCL cell susceptibility to autophagy induced by RA/IFN-α, serum deprivation or mTOR pharmacological inhibition. Moreover, PLSCR1 can bind the ATG12/ATG5 complex preventing ATG16L1 recruitment and its full activation, as indicated by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. The combination of doxorubicin or bortezomib with RA/IFN-α strengthened PLSCR1 up-regulation and enhanced apoptosis, as a likely consequence of the blockade of RA/IFN-α-induced autophagy. Immunohistochemical analysis of 32 MCL biopsies revealed heterogeneous expression of PLSCR1 and suggests its possible implication in the response to anticancer therapies, especially to drugs promoting protective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Mastorci
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Barbara Montico
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Damiana A Faè
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Luca Sigalotti
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Pathology Unit and Unit of Lymphoid Malignancies, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and CeRMS, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS-National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
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Arcaini L, Lamy T, Walewski J, Belada D, Mayer J, Radford J, Jurczak W, Morschhauser F, Alexeeva J, Rule S, Cabeçadas J, Campo E, Pileri SA, Biyukov T, Patturajan M, Casadebaig Bravo M, Trnĕný M. Prospective subgroup analyses of the randomized MCL-002 (SPRINT) study: lenalidomide versus investigator's choice in relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2018; 180:224-235. [PMID: 29193019 PMCID: PMC5814930 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)-002 study, lenalidomide demonstrated significantly improved median progression-free survival (PFS) compared with investigator's choice (IC) in patients with relapsed/refractory MCL. Here we present the long-term follow-up data and results of preplanned subgroup exploratory analyses from MCL-002 to evaluate the potential impact of demographic factors, baseline clinical characteristics and prior therapies on PFS. In MCL-002, patients with relapsed/refractory MCL were randomized 2:1 to receive lenalidomide (25 mg/day orally on days 1-21; 28-day cycles) or single-agent IC therapy (rituximab, gemcitabine, fludarabine, chlorambucil or cytarabine). The intent-to-treat population comprised 254 patients (lenalidomide, n = 170; IC, n = 84). Subgroup analyses of PFS favoured lenalidomide over IC across most characteristics, including risk factors, such as high MCL International Prognostic Index score, age ≥65 years, high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), stage III/IV disease, high tumour burden, and refractoriness to last prior therapy. By multivariate Cox regression analysis, factors associated with significantly longer PFS (other than lenalidomide treatment) included normal LDH levels (P < 0·001), nonbulky disease (P = 0·045), <3 prior antilymphoma treatments (P = 0·005), and ≥6 months since last prior treatment (P = 0·032). Overall, lenalidomide improved PFS versus single-agent IC therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory MCL, irrespective of many demographic factors, disease characteristics and prior treatment history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Arcaini
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Department of Haematology OncologyFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Thierry Lamy
- Department of HaematologyHôpital PontchaillouRennesFrance
| | - Jan Walewski
- Department of Lymphoid MalignanciesMaria Sklodowska‐Curie Memorial Institute and Oncology CentreWarsawPoland
| | - David Belada
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, HaematologyCharles University Hospital and Faculty of MedicineHradec KrálovéCzech Republic
| | - Jiri Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haematology and OncologyUniversity Hospital BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - John Radford
- The University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Wojciech Jurczak
- Department of HaematologyJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakówPoland
| | | | - Julia Alexeeva
- Department of Haematology ResearchFederal Medical Research CentreSaint PetersburgRussia
| | - Simon Rule
- Department of HaematologyDerriford HospitalPlymouthUnited Kingdom
| | - José Cabeçadas
- Serviço de Anatomia PatológicaInstituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco GentilLisboaPortugal
| | - Elias Campo
- Haematopathology Unit, Hospital ClinicUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Tsvetan Biyukov
- Clinical Research and DevelopmentCelgene SàrlBoudrySwitzerland
| | | | | | - Marek Trnĕný
- Department of HaematologyCharles University HospitalPragueCzech Republic
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Jurczak W, Ramanathan S, Giri P, Romano A, Mocikova H, Clancy J, Lechuga M, Casey M, Boni J, Giza A, Hess G. Comparison of two doses of intravenous temsirolimus in patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:670-678. [PMID: 28768446 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1357175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Temsirolimus 175 mg once-weekly for 3 weeks, followed by 75 mg once-weekly intravenously dosed (175/75 mg) is approved in the European Union for treatment of relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). A phase IV study explored whether similar efficacy, but improved safety could be achieved with 75 mg without 175 mg loading doses (ClinicaTrials.gov: NCT01180049). Patients with relapsed/refractory MCL were randomized to once-weekly temsirolimus 175/75 mg (n = 47) or 75 mg (n = 42). Treatment continued until objective disease progression. Primary endpoint: progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and adverse events (AEs). Median PFS was 4.3 versus 4.5 months (hazard ratio [HR] 0.731; 80% confidence interval [CI], 0.520-1.027), and median OS 18.7 versus 11.0 months (HR 0.681; 80% CI, 0.472-0.982) with 175/75 mg versus 75 mg. There were fewer patients with serious AEs, dose reduction, or death with 175/75 mg (57.4%, 48.9%, and 48.9%) versus 75 mg (73.8%, 64.3%, and 65.1%). Temsirolimus 175/75 mg remains the preferred dosing regimen for relapsed/refractory MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jurczak
- a Department of Haematology , Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
| | - Sundra Ramanathan
- b Haematology Department , Cancer Care Centre, The St George Hospital , Kogarah , Australia
| | - Pratyush Giri
- c Lyell McEwin Hospital (LMH), Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH) , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Alessandra Romano
- d Division of Hematology , A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Heidi Mocikova
- e Department of Clinical Hematology , University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jill Clancy
- f inVentiv Health Clinical , Princeton , NJ , USA
| | | | | | | | - Agnieszka Giza
- a Department of Haematology , Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
| | - Georg Hess
- i Department of Hematology/Oncology , Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany
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