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Dandapath I, Das S, Charan BD, Garg A, Suri A, Kedia S, Sharma MC, Sarkar C, Khonglah Y, Ahmed S, Suri V. Evaluation of KIAA1549::BRAF fusions and clinicopathological insights of pilocytic astrocytomas. Ann Diagn Pathol 2024; 72:152318. [PMID: 38733671 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pilocytic astrocytoma (PAs) represents a significant portion of childhood primary brain tumors, with distinct histological and radiological features. The prevalence of KIAA1549::BRAF fusion in PAs has been well-established, this study aims to assess the prevalence of KIAA1549::BRAF fusions and explore their associations with tumor characteristics, radiological findings, and patient outcomes in PAs. METHODS Histologically confirmed cases of PAs from a 5-year period were included in the study. Demographic, histopathological, and radiological data were collected, and immunohistochemistry was performed to characterize tumor markers. FISH and qRT-PCR assays were employed to detect KIAA1549::BRAF fusions. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine associations between fusion status and various other parameters. RESULTS Histological analysis revealed no significant differences in tumor features based on fusion status. However, younger age groups showed higher fusion prevalence. Radiologically, fusion-positive cases were distributed across different tumor subtypes SE, CWE and NCWE. Survival analysis did not demonstrate a significant impact of fusion status on overall survival, however most cases with recurrence and death harboured KIAA1549::BRAF fusion. Of 200 PAs, KIAA1549::BRAF fusions were detected in 64 % and 74 % of cases via qRT-PCR and FISH, respectively. Concordance between the two platforms was substantial (86 %). CONCLUSION KIAA1549::BRAF fusions are prevalent in PAs and can be reliably detected using both FISH and qRT-PCR assays. Cost considerations suggest qRT-PCR as a more economical option for fusion detection in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dandapath
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumanta Das
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bheru Dan Charan
- Department of Neuroradiology, All, India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Garg
- Department of Neuroradiology, All, India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Suri
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Kedia
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Chand Sharma
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yookarin Khonglah
- Department of Pathology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Shabnam Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, GNRC Hospitals, Dispur, Assam, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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2
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AlShail E, Alahmari AN, Dababo AAM, Alsagob M, Al-Hindi H, Khalil H, Al Masseri Z, AlSalamah R, Almohseny E, Alduhaish A, Colak D, Kaya N. A molecular study of pediatric pilomyxoid and pilocytic astrocytomas: Genome-wide copy number screening, retrospective analysis of clinicopathological features and long-term clinical outcome. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1034292. [PMID: 36860324 PMCID: PMC9968872 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1034292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pilocytic Astrocytoma (PA) is the most common pediatric brain tumors. PAs are slow-growing tumors with high survival rates. However, a distinct subgroup of tumors defined as pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) presents unique histological characteristics and have more aggressive clinical course. The studies on genetics of PMA are scarce. Methods In this study, we report one of the largest cohort of pediatric patients with pilomyxoid (PMA) and pilocytic astrocytomas (PA) in Saudi population providing a comprehensive clinical picture, retrospective analysis with long-term follow-up, genome-wide copy number changes, and clinical outcome of these pediatric tumors. We examined and compared genome-wide copy number aberrations (CNAs) and the clinical outcome of the patients with PA and PMA. Results The median progression free survival for the whole cohort was 156 months and it was 111 months for the PMA, however, not statistically significantly different between the groups (log-rank test, P = 0.726). We have identified 41 CNAs (34 gains and 7 losses) in all tested patients. Our study yielded the previously reported KIAA1549-BRAF Fusion gene in over 88% of the tested patients (89% and 80% in PMA and PA, respectively). Besides the fusion gene, twelve patients had additional genomic CNAs. Furthermore, pathway and gene network analyses of genes in the fusion region revealed alterations in retinoic acid mediated apoptosis and MAPK signaling pathways and key hub genes that may potentially be involved in tumor growth and progression, including BRAF, LUC7L2, MKRN1, RICTOR, TP53, HIPK2, HNF4A, POU5F, and SOX4. Conclusion Our study is the first report of a large cohort of patients with PMA and PA in the Saudi population that provides detailed clinical features, genomic copy number changes, and outcome of these pediatric tumors and may help better diagnosis and characterization of PMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam AlShail
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nasser Alahmari
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas A. M. Dababo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Alsagob
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Applied Genomics Technologies Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hindi Al-Hindi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Khalil
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Al Masseri
- Medical Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan AlSalamah
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ethar Almohseny
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Alduhaish
- Neuroscience Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilek Colak
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Namik Kaya, ; ; Dilek Colak,
| | - Namik Kaya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Namik Kaya, ; ; Dilek Colak,
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Rotimi SO, Rotimi OA, Salhia B. A Review of Cancer Genetics and Genomics Studies in Africa. Front Oncol 2021; 10:606400. [PMID: 33659210 PMCID: PMC7917259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and is projected to overtake infectious disease as the leading cause of mortality in Africa within the next two decades. Cancer is a group of genomic diseases that presents with intra- and inter-population unique phenotypes, with Black populations having the burden of morbidity and mortality for most types. At large, the prevention and treatment of cancers have been propelled by the understanding of the genetic make-up of the disease of mostly non-African populations. By the same token, there is a wide knowledge gap in understanding the underlying genetic causes of, and genomic alterations associated with, cancer among black Africans. Accordingly, we performed a review of the literature to survey existing studies on cancer genetics/genomics and curated findings pertaining to publications across multiple cancer types conducted on African populations. We used PubMed MeSH terms to retrieve the relevant publications from 1990 to December 2019. The metadata of these publications were extracted using R text mining packages: RISmed and Pubmed.mineR. The data showed that only 0.329% of cancer publications globally were on Africa, and only 0.016% were on cancer genetics/genomics from Africa. Although the most prevalent cancers in Africa are cancers of the breast, cervix, uterus, and prostate, publications representing breast, colorectal, liver, and blood cancers were the most frequent in our review. The most frequently reported cancer genes were BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53. Next, the genes reported in the reviewed publications’ abstracts were extracted and annotated into three gene ontology classes. Genes in the cellular component class were mostly associated with cell part and organelle part, while those in biological process and molecular function classes were mainly associated with cell process, biological regulation, and binding, and catalytic activity, respectively. Overall, this review highlights the paucity of research on cancer genomics on African populations, identified gaps, and discussed the need for concerted efforts to encourage more research on cancer genomics in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon O Rotimi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi A Rotimi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Bodour Salhia
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Kurani H, Gurav M, Shetty O, Chinnaswamy G, Moiyadi A, Gupta T, Jalali R, Epari S. Pilocytic astrocytomas: BRAFV600E and BRAF fusion expression patterns in pediatric and adult age groups. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:1525-1536. [PMID: 31321520 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pilocytic astrocytomas (PCAs) are characterized by two dominant molecular alterations of the BRAF gene, i.e., BRAFV600E mutation and KIAA1549-BRAF fusions which show a differential pattern of frequency across different age-groups. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 358 (pediatric 276 and adult 82) consecutive PCAs were evaluated for BRAFV600E mutation by Sanger sequencing and KIAA1549:BRAF fusion transcripts (KIAA1549:BRAF 16-9, KIAA1549:BRAF 15-9, and KIAA1549:BRAF 16-11) by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, which were correlated with different clinicopathological features. RESULTS BRAFV600E mutation was detected in 8.9% pediatric and 9.75% adult PCAs, whereas 41.1% and 25.7% of pediatric and adult cases showed KIAA1549-BRAF fusions respectively. BRAFV600E did not show any statistically significant correlation with any of the clinical parameters (age, location, and gender). KIAA1549:BRAF fusions showed a significant statistical association with the pediatric age group and cerebellar location. KIAA1549-BRAF 16-9 was the commonest variant and was predominantly associated with cerebellar location than non-cerebellar whereas fusion variant 15-9 negatively correlated with cerebellar locations. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed overall frequency of 53.5% and 37.3% BRAF alterations in pediatric and adult PCA cases respectively. BRAF fusion in PCA cases showed a different distribution pattern across age groups and locations; while no such differential pattern was observed for BRAFV600E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetakshi Kurani
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Baba National Institute, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Mamta Gurav
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Baba National Institute, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Omshree Shetty
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Baba National Institute, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Girish Chinnaswamy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Baba National Institute, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Aliasagar Moiyadi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Baba National Institute, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Tejpal Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Baba National Institute, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Rakesh Jalali
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital and ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Baba National Institute, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Sridhar Epari
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Baba National Institute, Mumbai, 400012, India.
- Department of Pathology (& Division of Molecular Pathology), Tata Memorial Hospital and ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Baba National Institute, Mumbai, 400012, India.
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5
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Bret D, Chappuis V, Poncet D, Ducray F, Silva K, Mion F, Vasiljevic A, Ferraro-Peyret C, Mottolese C, Leblond P, Gabut M, Frappaz D, Streichenberger N, Meyronet D, Bringuier PP, Barritault M. A Multiplex Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of KIAA1549-BRAF Fusion Transcripts in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Pilocytic Astrocytomas. Mol Diagn Ther 2019; 23:537-545. [PMID: 31087282 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Genomic duplications and fusion involving BRAF and KIAA1549 that create fusion proteins with constitutive B-RAF kinase activity are a hallmark of pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs). The detection of KIAA1549-BRAF fusion transcripts is of paramount importance to classify these tumors and to identify patients who could benefit from BRAF inhibitors. In a clinical setting, the available material for molecular analysis from these pediatric tumors is often limited to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. The aim of the present study was to develop a new method to detect the three most frequent KIAA1549-BRAF fusion transcripts, 15-9, 16-11, and 16-9, where numbers refer to the exons fused together, using a FFPE-compatible multiplex quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). METHODS We compared performance of the assay to a reference singleplex method on a collection of 46 FFPE PAs. RESULTS The results showed that both methods are comparable. The multiplex method had an overall 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared to the singleplex method, and agreement between the two techniques was almost perfect (Cohen's kappa: 0.97). There was no evidence of a significant difference between the qRT-PCR efficiencies of the multiplex technique and of the singleplex assay for all fusion transcripts and for GAPDH, the latter used as a reference gene. The multiplex method consumed four times less complementary DNA (cDNA), cost less, and required half the hands-on technical time. CONCLUSION The results show that it could be beneficial to implement the multiplex method in a clinical setting, where samples presenting low quantity of degraded RNA are not unusual.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bret
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Valentin Chappuis
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Poncet
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - François Ducray
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Service de Neuro-oncologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France.,Transcriptome Diversity in Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Cell Plasticity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS, UMR 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Karen Silva
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France
| | - Fabrice Mion
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Vasiljevic
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Ferraro-Peyret
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Carmine Mottolese
- Service de Neurochirurgie Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Leblond
- Service d'Oncologie, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Gabut
- Transcriptome Diversity in Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Cell Plasticity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS, UMR 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Didier Frappaz
- Service d'Oncologie, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Streichenberger
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - David Meyronet
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Transcriptome Diversity in Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Cell Plasticity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS, UMR 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Paul Bringuier
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Barritault
- Service de Cytologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Département de Biopathologie Moléculaire et de Département de Neuropathologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France. .,University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France. .,Transcriptome Diversity in Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Cell Plasticity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS, UMR 5286, Lyon, France.
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6
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Kondo A, Shimizu Y, Adachi S, Ogino I, Suzuki M, Akiyama O, Arai H. A Comprehensive Method for Detecting Fusion Genes in Paediatric Brain Tumours. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:343-348. [PMID: 29976640 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusion genes driving tumourigenesis have drawn the attention of researchers and oncologists. Despite the importance of such molecular alterations, there are no comprehensive reproducible methods for detecting fusion genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen paediatric brain tumours of five types, namely pilocytic astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma and, ganglioglioma, were examined to detect fusion genes using a pyrosequencing-based method following RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Our method successfully detected KIAA1549-v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) fusion in 14 out of 19 patients suffering from five types of paediatric brain tumours providing information on fusion breakpoints within 2 h. CONCLUSION A comprehensive method for detecting fusion genes in paediatric brain tumours was evaluated. This method identified KIAA1549-BRAF fusion variants quickly. Our results may help researchers interested in the role of fusion genes in tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihide Kondo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuzaburo Shimizu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Adachi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Ogino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mario Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Akiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Arai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Kogiso M, Qi L, Lindsay H, Huang Y, Zhao X, Liu Z, Braun FK, Du Y, Zhang H, Bae G, Zhao S, Injac SG, Sobieski M, Brunell D, Mehta V, Tran D, Murray J, Baxter PA, Yuan XJ, Su JM, Adesina A, Perlaky L, Chintagumpala M, Parsons DW, Lau CC, Stephan CC, Lu X, Li XN. Xenotransplantation of pediatric low grade gliomas confirms the enrichment of BRAF V600E mutation and preservation of CDKN2A deletion in a novel orthotopic xenograft mouse model of progressive pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:87455-87471. [PMID: 29152094 PMCID: PMC5675646 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify cellular and molecular changes that driver pediatric low grade glioma (PLGG) progression, we analyzed putative cancer stem cells (CSCs) and evaluated key biological changes in a novel and progressive patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. Flow cytometric analysis of 22 PLGGs detected CD133+ (<1.5%) and CD15+ (20.7 ± 28.9%) cells, and direct intra-cranial implantation of 25 PLGGs led to the development of 1 PDOX model from a grade II pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA). While CSC levels did not correlate with patient tumor progression, neurosphere formation and in vivo tumorigenicity, the PDOX model, IC-3635PXA, reproduced key histological features of the original tumor. Similar to the patient tumor that progressed and recurred, IC-3635PXA also progressed during serial in vivo subtransplantations (4 passages), exhibiting increased tumor take rate, elevated proliferation, loss of mature glial marker (GFAP), accumulation of GFAP−/Vimentin+ cells, enhanced local invasion, distant perivascular migration, and prominent reactive gliosis in normal mouse brains. Molecularly, xenograft cells with homozygous deletion of CDKN2A shifted from disomy chromosome 9 to trisomy chromosome 9; and BRAF V600E mutation allele frequency increased (from 28% in patient tumor to 67% in passage III xenografts). In vitro drug screening identified 2/7 BRAF V600E inhibitors and 2/9 BRAF inhibitors that suppressed cell proliferation. In summary, we showed that PLGG tumorigenicity was low despite the presence of putative CSCs, and our data supported GFAP−/Vimentin+ cells, CDKN2A homozygous deletion in trisomy chromosome 9 cells, and BRAF V600E mutation as candidate drivers of tumor progression in the PXA xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kogiso
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Holly Lindsay
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yulun Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin, Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Radiotherapy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Frank K Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuchen Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Goeun Bae
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sibo Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah G Injac
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary Sobieski
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Brunell
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vidya Mehta
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diep Tran
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey Murray
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Patricia A Baxter
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiao-Jun Yuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jack M Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adekunle Adesina
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laszlo Perlaky
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Murali Chintagumpala
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D Williams Parsons
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ching C Lau
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clifford C Stephan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xinyan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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An integrative molecular and genomic analysis of pediatric hemispheric low-grade gliomas: an update. Childs Nerv Syst 2016; 32:1789-97. [PMID: 27659822 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-016-3163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hemispheric low-grade gliomas account for the second most common location in pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGGs) after the cerebellum. The pathological spectrum includes gangliogliomas, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNETs), diffuse astrocytomas, pilocytic astrocytomas, and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXAs), among others. Clinically, hemispheric PLGGs represent a well-recognized cause of intractable epilepsy in children and adolescents. With an excellent long-term outcome, surgery remains the cornerstone and patients with gross total resection typically do not need any further therapies. The recent literature about hemispheric PLGGs was reviewed to provide an up-to-date overview of the molecular and cell biology of these tumors. Hemispheric PLGGs can harbor multiple alterations involving BRAFV600E, FGFR, NTRK, MYB/MYBL1, IDH, and BRAF-KIAA1549 fusions. However, the clinical significance of most of these alterations is still to be defined. The role of RAS/MAPK mutations and other alterations in hemispheric PLGGs is of interest from diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic perspectives. Molecular testing for these tumors should be encouraged, since the findings can have an important impact not only in prognosis but also in therapeutic strategies.
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BRAF Fusion Analysis in Pilocytic Astrocytomas: KIAA1549-BRAF 15-9 Fusions Are More Frequent in the Midline Than Within the Cerebellum. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015. [PMID: 26222501 PMCID: PMC4554227 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) are increasingly tested for KIAA1549-BRAF fusions. We used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the 3 most common KIAA1549-BRAF fusions, together with BRAF V600E and histone H3.3 K27M analyses to identify relationships of these molecular characteristics with clinical features in a cohort of 32 PA patients. In this group, the overall BRAF fusion detection rate was 24 (75%). Ten (42%) of the 24 had the 16-9 fusion, 8 (33%) had only the 15-9 fusion, and 1 (4%) of the patients had only the 16-11 fusion. In the PAs with only the 15-9 fusion, 1 PA was in the cerebellum and 7 were centered in the midline outside of the cerebellum, that is, in the hypothalamus (n = 4), optic pathways (n = 2), and brainstem (n = 1). Tumors within the cerebellum were negatively associated with fusion 15-9. Seven (22%) of the 32 patients had tumor-related deaths and 25 of the patients (78%) were alive between 2 and 14 years after initial biopsy. Age, sex, tumor location, 16-9 fusion, and 15-9 fusion were not associated with overall survival. Thus, in this small cohort, 15-9 KIAA1549-BRAF fusion was associated with midline PAs located outside of the cerebellum; these tumors, which are generally difficult to resect, are prone to recurrence.
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