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Alavi MS, Sadeghnia HR, Nikpasand N, Sahab Negah S, Rashidi R, Naseri G, Ghorbani A. Mephedrone induced apoptosis and impaired neurogenesis in embryonic neural stem/progenitor cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:235-243. [PMID: 36821836 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Mephedrone, a synthetic derivative of cathinone, is a commonly used psychoactive substance. Our previous study showed that exposure to mephedrone during pegnancy induced antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in hippocampus of mice delivered pups. However, its effects on neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PC) remain unexplored. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of mephedrone exposure on the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of rat embryonic NS/PC. NS/PC were isolated from rat fetal ganglionic eminence region at embryonic day 14.5. The effects of mephedrone on cell proliferation, neurosphere formation (colonies of NS/PC), neuronal differentiation, and apoptosis of NS/PC were assessed using MTT, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry. Mephedrone at concentrations of 20-640 µM significantly decreased the proliferation of NS/PC, induced cell cycle arrest, and enhanced the percent of apoptotic and necrotic cells. Neurosphere assays revealed a significant reduction in the number and diameter of neurosphere-forming cells. In addition, mephedrone significantly decreased the expressions of DCX and NeuN neuronal markers. Taken together, our results suggeste that exposure to mephedrone decreases the viability and neuronal differentiation of embryonic NS/PC. This study showed that mephedrone exposure during fetal or neonatal life may impair neurogenesis and subsequent brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niloufar Nikpasand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sajad Sahab Negah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Rashidi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Naseri
- Gorgan Congenital Malformations Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Thapa K, Singh TG, Kaur A. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibition as a potential therapeutic target in renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2021; 282:119843. [PMID: 34298037 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) occurs in renal artery stenosis, partial nephrectomy and most commonly during kidney transplantation. It brings serious consequences such as DGF (Delayed Graft Function) or organ dysfunction leading to renal failure and ultimate death. There is no effective therapy to handle the consequences of Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury. Cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP are the important second messengers that stimulate intracellular signal transduction for cell survival in response to growth factors and peptide hormones in normal tissues and in kidneys plays significant role that involves vascular tone regulation, inflammation and proliferation of parenchymal cells. Renal ischemia and subsequent reperfusion injury stimulate signal transduction pathways involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, alteration in renal blood flow leading to necrosis and apoptosis of renal cell. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive literature review of various search engines like PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out. To understand the functioning of Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and its pharmacological modulation in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. KEY FINDINGS Current therapeutic options may not be enough to treat renal I/R injury in group of patients and therefore, the current review has discussed the general characteristics and physiology of PDEs and preclinical-studies defining the relationship between PDEs expression in renal injury due to I/R and its outcome on renal function. SIGNIFICANCE The role of PDE inhibitors in renal I/R injury and the clinical status of drugs for various renal diseases have been summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Thapa
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401 Punjab, India; School of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401 Punjab, India
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Pourgonabadi S, Mousavi SH, Tayarani-Najaran Z, Ghorbani A. Effect of zoledronate, a third-generation bisphosphonate, on proliferation and apoptosis of human dental pulp stem cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:137-144. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Clinical use of zoledronate is accompanied by osteonecrosis of the jaw but the pathogenesis is not well understood. We assumed that zoledronate may have cytotoxicity against stem cells of the oral cavity and in this way helps to initiate or promote osteonecrosis. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and gingival fibroblasts (GFs) were isolated from volunteers who were undergoing a third molar extraction. The proliferation of DPSCs and GFs was evaluated using the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay. The effect of zoledronate on apoptosis was determined by propidium iodide staining and Western blotting analysis. Incubation with zoledronate for 72 h and 7 days significantly decreased proliferation of DPSCs and GFs at concentrations of more than 0.4 μmol/L (p < 0.001). The IC50 of zoledronate was lower for DPSCs than for GFs (0.92 versus 3.5 μmol/L for 7 days of treatment). After 72 h of treatment with zoledronate, the percentage of apoptotic DPSCs significantly increased, which was accompanied by an increased level of pro-apoptotic proteins caspase-3 and Bax and decreased the level of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. In conclusion, zoledronate has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in DPSCs. These effects may be involved in promoting zoledronate-induced osteonecrosis and suggest an unfavorable impact of this drug on regenerative potentials of the body stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Pourgonabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Shafiee-Nick R, Afshari AR, Mousavi SH, Rafighdoust A, Askari VR, Mollazadeh H, Fanoudi S, Mohtashami E, Rahimi VB, Mohebbi M, Vahedi MM. A comprehensive review on the potential therapeutic benefits of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:541-556. [PMID: 28779712 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases are a group of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides, which assume a key role in directing intracellular levels of the second messengers' cAMP and cGMP, and consequently cell function. The disclosure of 11 isoenzyme families and our expanded knowledge of their functions at the cell and molecular level stimulate the improvement of isoenzyme selective inhibitors for the treatment of various diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases. Hence, future and new mechanistic investigations and carefully designed clinical trials could help reap additional benefits of natural/synthetic PDE inhibitors for cardiovascular disease in patients. This review has concentrated on the potential therapeutic benefits of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shafiee-Nick
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbasali Rafighdoust
- Department of Cardiology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Mollazadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elmira Mohtashami
- Department of Pharmacodynamic and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Moein Mohebbi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Vahedi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
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Abstract
Primary cilia are organelles that are present on many different cell types, either transiently or permanently. They play a crucial role in receiving signals from the environment and passing these signals to other parts of the cell. In that way, they are involved in diverse processes such as adipocyte differentiation and olfactory sensation. Mutations in genes coding for ciliary proteins often have pleiotropic effects and lead to clinical conditions, ciliopathies, with multiple symptoms. In this study, we reviewed observations from ciliopathies with obesity as one of the symptoms. It shows that variation in cilia-related genes is itself not a major cause of obesity in the population but may be a part of the multifactorial aetiology of this complex condition. Both common polymorphisms and rare deleterious variants may contribute to the obesity risk. Genotype-phenotype relationships have been noticed. Among the ciliary genes, obesity differs with regard to severity and age of onset, which may relate to the influence of each gene on the balance between pro- and anti-adipogenic processes. Analysis of the function and location of the proteins encoded by these ciliary genes suggests that obesity is more linked to activities at the basal area of the cilium, including initiation of the intraflagellar transport, but less to the intraflagellar transport itself. Regarding the role of cilia, three possible mechanistic processes underlying obesity are described: adipogenesis, neuronal food intake regulation and food odour perception.
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