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Investigating the Adsorption Behavior of Polyaniline and Its Clay Nanocomposite towards Ammonia Gas. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214533. [PMID: 36365526 PMCID: PMC9658759 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution and control of gaseous air pollutants are global concerns. Exposure to these gaseous contaminants causes several health risks, especially exposure to irritant gases such as ammonia (NH3). Furthermore, the application of smart polymeric nanocomposites in environmental applications has gained significant interest in recent years. In this study, aniline was polymerized without and with clay using a carbon dioxide (CO2)-assisted polymerization technique, yielding PANI and PANC samples, respectively. The samples were characterized using different methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Brunner Emmett Teller (BET). The synthesized nanomaterials were utilized as gas adsorbents using a fixed bed reactor to investigate their adsorption behavior towards NH3. Three inlet NH3 concentrations were tested (35–150 ppm). The results revealed that the adsorption capacities of PANC nanocomposites were higher than nanostructured PANI for the studied concentrations. The adsorption capacities were 61.34 mgNH3/gm for PANC and 73.63 mgNH3/gm for PANI at the same inlet concentration (35 ppm). The highest NH3 adsorption capacity recorded was 582.4 mg NH3/gm, for PANC. This study showed the impressive adsorption behavior of the prepared PANI and PANC nanomaterials towards NH3 gas. Consequently, nanostructured PANI and PANC can be promising adsorbents that can be utilized to control different gaseous air pollutants.
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Kinetics and Thermodynamics of β-Carotene Adsorption onto Acid-Activated Clays Modified by Zero Valent Iron. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/6505556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The adsorption of β-carotene from crude palm oil onto acid-activated clay and clay modified by zero valent iron (ZVI) was investigated in this work. Spectroscopic studies including FTIR, XRD, and SEM were used for its characterization. The adsorption characteristics such as kinetics, mechanism, isotherms, and thermodynamics of β-carotene were studied. The kinetic data were analyzed using the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation, pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, and intraparticle diffusion model. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model is the only one that describes the experimental data well (R2 ≥ 0.969). The chemical analysis of bulk clay showed that the predominant oxides are Al2O3 (57.91 wt%), Fe2O3 (32.54 wt%), SiO2 (3.09 wt%), K2O (2.37 wt%), and CaO2 (1.73 wt%). The adsorption capacity increases with an increase in temperature. The equilibrium data were described better by the Freundlich model for all clays. To determine the best fit kinetic model for each system, three error analysis methods, namely, chi-square (χ2), residual mean squared error (RMSE), and mean percent error (%APE) were used to evaluate the data. A thermodynamic study demonstrated that β-carotene adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic, and an entropy driven process for both forms of clay.
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El-Wakil A, Waly SM, Abou El-Maaty WM, Waly MM, Yılmaz M, Awad FS. Triazine-Based Functionalized Activated Carbon Prepared from Water Hyacinth for the Removal of Hg 2+, Pb 2+, and Cd 2+ Ions from Water. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6058-6069. [PMID: 35224367 PMCID: PMC8867800 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel chelating adsorbent, based on the functionalization of activated carbon (AC) derived from water hyacinth (WH) with melamine thiourea (MT) to form melamine thiourea-modified activated carbon (MT-MAC), is used for the effective removal of Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ from aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) theory confirm the successful functionalization of AC with the melamine thiourea chelating ligand through the amidation reaction between the carboxyl groups of oxidized activated carbon (OAC) and the amino groups of melamine thiourea (MT) in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a coupling agent. The prepared MT-MAC exhibited extensive potential for the adsorption of the toxic metal ions Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ from wastewater. The MT-MAC showed high capacities for the adsorption of Hg2+ (292.6 mg·g-1), Pb2+ (237.4 mg·g-1), and Cd2+ (97.9 mg·g-1) from aqueous solution. Additionally, 100% removal efficiency of Hg2+ at pH 5.5 was observed at very low initial concentrations (25-1000 ppb).The experimental sorption data could be fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting a monolayer adsorption behavior. The kinetic data of the chemisorption mechanism realized by the melamine thiourea groups grafted onto the activated carbon surface have a perfect match with the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model. In a mixed solution of metal ions containing 50 ppm of each ion, MT-MAC showed a removal of 97.0% Hg2+, 68% Pb2+, 45.0% Cd2+, 17.0% Cu2+, 7.0% Ni2+, and 5.0% Zn2+. Consequently, MT-MAC has exceptional selectivity for Hg2+ ions from the mixed metal ion solutions. The MT-MAC adsorbent showed high stability even after three adsorption-desorption cycles. According to the results obtained, the use of the MT-MAC adsorbent for the adsorption of Pb2+, Hg2+, and Cd2+ metal ions from polluted water is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad
M. El-Wakil
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura
University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Saadia M. Waly
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura
University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Weam M. Abou El-Maaty
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura
University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Waly
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura
University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Murat Yılmaz
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 80000 Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - Fathi S. Awad
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura
University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Polyaniline/Nanomaterial Composites for the Removal of Heavy Metals by Adsorption: A Review. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5090233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals represent one of the most important kinds of pollutants, causing serious threats to the ecological balance. Thus, their removal from aqueous solution is a major environmental concern worldwide. The process of adsorption—being very simple, economical, and effective—is widely applied for the decontamination of wastewaters from heavy metals. In this process, the adsorbent is the key factor affecting the performance; for this reason, significant efforts have been made to develop highly efficient and selective adsorbents with outstanding properties. This paper presents a detailed overview of the research on different methods of synthesis of nanocomposite materials based on the polymer polyaniline combined with nanomaterials, along with the influence of the synthesis method on their size, morphology, and properties. In addition, the study evaluates the adsorption efficiency of various developed nanocomposites for the adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution. From an economical and environmental point of view, the regeneration studies of the nanocomposites are also reported.
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Karimi Z, Khalili R, Ali Zazouli M. Surface modified polythiophene/Al 2O 3 and polyaniline/Al 2O 3 nanocomposites using poly(vinyl alcohol) for the removal of heavy metal ions from water: kinetics, thermodynamic and isotherm studies. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:182-199. [PMID: 34280163 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polythiophene/Al2O3 (PTh/Al2O3) and polyaniline/Al2O3 (PAn/Al2O3) nanocomposites in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the surfactant were synthesized via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method in aqueous medium. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results indicated that the Al2O3 and poly(vinyl alcohol) influenced the properties of synthesized nanocomposites. The aim of this research was to investigate the sorption characteristics of polythiophene and polyaniline nanocomposites for the removal of heavy metal cations including Pb(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution. The factors that affected the adsorption equilibrium as well as the removal efficiency of the nanoadsorbents, i.e., contact time, metal ion concentration, pH and adsorption conditions were investigated in detail. From the kinetic results, it was concluded that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to be the best at describing the adsorption process for Pb(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) on PTh-PVA/Al2O3 and PAn-PVA/Al2O3. In addition, thermodynamic analysis suggests the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the present adsorption process with increased entropy on PTh-PVA/Al2O3 and PAn-PVA/Al2O3. The results suggest polythiophene, polyaniline and their nanocomposites have great potential to be used as efficient absorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Karimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Khalili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Babol University of Technology, P.O. Box 484, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zazouli
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
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Pomegranate-like MnO2@PANI sub-microspheres: Synthesis and application for Pb(II) ions removal from water. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Joshi NC, Malik N, Singh A. Synthesis and Characterizations of Polythiophene–Al2O3 Based Nanosorbent and Its Applications in the Removal of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ Ions. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-019-01252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abdelraheem A, H El-Shazly A, Elkady M. Comparable investigation of polyaniline behavior towards gaseous ammonia and toluene adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:3991-3999. [PMID: 30552613 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3877-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With raising awareness of gaseous air pollutants and their harmful impact, adsorption is considered one of the most prominent techniques for gaseous emissions control. The usage of polyaniline as a gas adsorbent is an innovative idea. This work aims to compare the efficacy of synthesized polyaniline nanotubes (PANT) as a novel adsorbent towards inorganic gases (ammonia NH3) and volatile organic compounds (toluene vapor). PANT was prepared via a sol-gel preparation technique. The molecular structure of prepared PANT was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphological structure was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The PANT adsorbent surface area was determined using Brunner Emmett Teller (BET). Dynamic behavior of simulated feed gas mixture of NH3 and toluene in air were examined using a fixed bed adsorption arrangement. The same adsorption conditions (inlet concentration, gas mixture feed flow rate, and a fixed amount of adsorbent) were applied for both NH3 and toluene adsorption test. The NH3 and toluene removal efficiencies were 100% and 96% respectively. Consequently, PANT is an auspicious adsorbent that can be utilized to control the indoor and outdoor gaseous air emissions. Graphical Abstracts ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Abdelraheem
- Chemical and Petrochemicals Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab Alexandria, Egypt.
- Occupational Health and Air Pollution Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H El-Shazly
- Chemical and Petrochemicals Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab Alexandria, Egypt
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa Elkady
- Chemical and Petrochemicals Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab Alexandria, Egypt
- Fabrication Technology Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA City), Alexandria, Egypt
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Teklu T, Wangatia LM, Alemayehu E. Sisal fibers coated with conducting polyaniline: Property and structural studies. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090417050153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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