Genetic variants of VEGFR-1 gene promoter in acute myocardial infarction

From multi-omics approaches to personalized medicine in myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a prevalent cardiovascular disease characterized by myocardial necrosis resulting from coronary artery ischemia and hypoxia, which can lead to severe complications such as arrhythmia, cardiac rupture, heart failure, and sudden death. Despite being a research hotspot, the etiological mechanism of MI remains unclear. The emergence and widespread use of omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics, have provided new opportunities for exploring the molecular mechanism of MI and identifying a large number of disease biomarkers. However, a single-omics approach has limitations in understanding the complex biological pathways of diseases. The multi-omics approach can reveal the interaction network among molecules at various levels and overcome the limitations of the single-omics approaches. This review focuses on the omics studies of MI, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics. The exploration extended into the domain of multi-omics integrative analysis, accompanied by a compilation of diverse online resources, databases, and tools conducive to these investigations. Additionally, we discussed the role and prospects of multi-omics approaches in personalized medicine, highlighting the potential for improving diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of MI.

Association of factor V Leiden R506Q, FXIIIVal34Leu, and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms with acute myocardial infarction

Background

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of death and morbidity around the world. Although the association between thrombophilia and AMI is well-established, controversial data are present on the association between thrombophilic polymorphisms and AMI. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of three thrombophilic polymorphisms including factor V Leiden (FVL), MTHFRC677T (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase), and Coagulation factor XIIIVal34Leu with AMI in East of Iran.

Result

There were no statistically significant differences between the patients and control groups in terms of the distributions of allelic and genotypic frequencies of FVL and FXIIIVal34Leu polymorphisms (P-value > 0.05). Subjects who carried CT genotype of MTHFR C677T polymorphism were at a 2.03-fold higher risk for AMI (P-value: 0.02, OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.07–2.75). Furthermore, patients with MTHFR 677CT (P-value < 0.001, β = - 0.90, 95% CI − 1.33, − 047) or 677CC (P-value < 0.001, β = - 1.04, 95% CI − 1.47, − 0.61) genotypes showed significantly Lower creatinine levels compared with patients having the MTHFR 677TT. No association was observed between the other remaining polymorphisms and AMI (P-value > 0.05).

Conclusion

Our findings showed that MTHFRC677T polymorphism could contribute to AMI susceptibility and increase creatinine levels in east Iran population. This was the first study to examine the association of these three polymorphisms with AMI in east Iran.

MicroRNA-139-5p inhibits vascular endothelial cell viability and serves as a diagnostic biomarker in acute myocardial infarction patients

BACKGROUND

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality, and microRNA-139-5p (miR-139-5p) has been reported to be closely related with myocardial viability. This study aimed to investigate the effects of miR-139-5p on vascular endothelial cells, detect miR-139-5p expression in AMI patients and evaluate its diagnostic value.

METHODS

A dual-luciferase reporter assay was utilized to confirm the interaction of miR-139-5p with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the levels of miR-139-5p and VEGFR-1 in serum and cells. The viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was measured using a cell counting kit-8 assay. The correlation between miR-139-5p and VEGFR-1 was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. The diagnostic value of miR-139-5p, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB) was identified by receiver operating characteristic analysis.

RESULTS

miR-139-5p suppressed cell viability by directly targeting VEGFR-1 in HUVECs. Increased miR-139-5p and decreased VEGFR-1 levels were found in AMI patients and hypoxia-treated HUVECs, and miR-139-5p and VEGFR-1 were shown to be negatively correlated. The diagnostic value of miR-139-5p for AMI screening was high, and the combination of cTnI, CK-MB and miR-139-5p had the highest diagnostic accuracy. miR-139-5p inhibited cell viability by inhibiting VEGFR-1 in hypoxia-treated HUVECs.

CONCLUSION

miR-139-5p inhibits endothelial cell viability of AMI by inhibiting VEGFR-1, and increased miR-139-5p expression in AMI patients has high diagnostic value for AMI screening, indicating that miR-139-5p may serve as a diagnostic biomarker and molecular therapeutic target for AMI.

ABHD15 promotes cell viability, glycolysis, and inhibits apoptosis in cardiomyocytes under hypoxia

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Myocardial infarction (MI) has been an important heart disease affecting human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effect of abhydrolase domain containing 15 (ABHD15) on hypoxic cardiomyocytes.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Hypoxic cardiomyocytes are commonly used as an vitro model for the study of MI. We found that cardiomyocyte viability was decreased under hypoxia, but cell glucose uptake, insulin receptor phosphorylation level and apoptosis were increased. Interestingly, ABHD15 expression was up-regulated in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes. Then, we identified the function of ABHD15 in hypoxic cardiomyocytes by using ABHD15 overexpression vector or short interfering RNA (siRNA) against ABHD15. The results showed that overexpression of ABHD15 promoted hypoxic cardiomyocyte viability, glucose uptake and IR phosphorylation (p-IR), and inhibited cell apoptosis. However, knockdown of ABHD15 attenuated hypoxic cardiomyocyte viability, glucose uptake and IR phosphorylation, and promoted apoptosis. Moreover, we found that ABHD15 promoted glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression, translocation and enhance rate-limiting enzyme activation of glycolysis, thereby affecting glucose uptake. Furthermore, our study suggested that ABHD15 may affect the viability and apoptosis of hypoxic cardiomyocytes through IR/Ras/Raf/ERK/MEK and IR/PI3K/AKT/Bcl2/Bad/caspase9 signaling pathways, respectively. When the phosphorylation of IR, Raf or ERK was blocked by inhibitors, the protective effect of overexpressing ABHD15 on the viability of hypoxic cardiomyocytes was eliminated. Furthermore, inhibiting the phosphorylation of IR, AKT or Bcl2 abolished the inhibitory effect of overexpressing ABHD15 on hypoxic cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

CONCLUSION

ABHD15 regulated myocardial cell viability, glycolysis, and apoptosis under hypoxia, providing a novel potential therapeutic strategy for MI.