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Zhuang J, Yin J, Lv S, Wang B, Mu Y. Advanced "lab-on-a-chip" to detect viruses - Current challenges and future perspectives. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 163:112291. [PMID: 32421630 PMCID: PMC7215165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Massive viral outbreaks draw attention to viruses that have not been thoroughly studied or understood. In recent decades, microfluidic chips, known as "lab-on-a-chip", appears as a promising tool for the detection of viruses. Here, we review the development of microfluidic chips that could be used in response to viral detection, specifically for viruses involved in more recent outbreaks. The advantages as well as the disadvantages of microfluidic systems are discussed and analyzed. We also propose ideas for future development of these microfluidic chips and we expect this advanced technology to be used in the future for viral outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juxin Yin
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Shaowu Lv
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Ying Mu
- Research Centre for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China; College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Li C, Chen JY, Huang YM. Challenges and opportunities for China entering global research and development for emerging infectious diseases: a case study from Ebola experience. Infect Dis Poverty 2020; 9:27. [PMID: 32164743 PMCID: PMC7069179 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background China has emerged as a powerful platform for global pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) amid the 2014 Ebola outbreak. The research and development impact of developing countries on prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks has long been underestimated, particularly for emerging economies like China. Here, we studied its research and development progress and government support in response to Ebola outbreak by timeline, input, and output at each research and development stage. This study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the research and development gaps and challenges faced by China, as well as providing evidence-based suggestions on how to accelerate the drug development process to meet urgent needs during future outbreaks. Methods Data were obtained from the National Nature Science Foundation of China database, PubMed database, Patent Search System of the State Intellectual Property Office of China, National Medical Products Administration, national policy reports and literature between Jan 1st, 2006 and Dec 31st, 2017. An overview of research funding, research output, pharmaceutical product patent, and product licensed was described and analyzed by Microsoft Excel. A descriptive analysis with a visualization of plotting charts and graphs was conducted by reporting the mean ± standard deviation. Results China has successfully completed the research and development of the Ebola Ad5-EBOV vaccine within 26 months, while the preparation and implementation of clinical trials took relative long time. The National Nature Science Foundation of China funded CNY 44.05 million (USD 6.27 million) for Ebola-related researches and committed strongly to the phase of basic research (87.8%). A proliferation of literature arose between 2014 and 2015, with a 1.7-fold increase in drug research and a 2.5-fold increase in diagnostic research within 1 year. Three years on from the Ebola outbreak, six Ebola-related products in China were approved by the National Medical Products Administration. Conclusions China has started to emphasize the importance of medical product innovation as one of the solutions for tackling emerging infectious diseases. Continuing research on the development of regulatory and market incentives, as well as a multilateral collaboration mechanism that unifies cross-channel supports, would advance the process for China to enter global R&D market more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Public Health Emergency Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yi Chen
- School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Harvard T. H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Yang-Mu Huang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Wang L, Wang X, Pang M, Hu X, Qi X, Dong X. The Practice of the Public Health Cooperation in the Republic of Sierra Leone: Contributions and Experiences. China CDC Wkly 2020; 2:28-31. [PMID: 34594656 PMCID: PMC8392911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mingfan Pang
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqiong Hu
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Qi
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, Hubei, China,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Xiaoping Dong,
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Liu WJ, Sesay FR, Coursier A, Knust B, Marrinan JE, Whitmer S, McDonald SLR, Gaillard P, Liu Y, Su Q, Zhang Y, Crozier I, Ariyarajah A, Carino M, Massaquoi T, Broutet N, Xu W, Wu G, Ströher U, Gao GF, Formenty P, Sahr F, Deen GF. Comprehensive Clinical and Laboratory Follow-up of a Female Patient With Ebola Virus Disease: Sierra Leone Ebola Virus Persistence Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz068. [PMID: 30949523 PMCID: PMC6440679 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical, virologic, and immunologic findings in a female Ebola virus disease patient are described. During the long-term follow-up, Ebola virus RNA was detectable in vaginal fluid before 36 days after symptom onset, with nearly an identical genome sequence as in acute phase blood. Ebola-specific T cells retained activation at 56 days after disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Foday R Sesay
- The Sierra Leone Ministry of Defense, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Barbara Knust
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Shannon Whitmer
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Yang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qiudong Su
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ian Crozier
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Wenbo Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guizhen Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ute Ströher
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - George F Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | | | - Foday Sahr
- The Sierra Leone Ministry of Defense, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Gibrilla F Deen
- The Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
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