Faurholt-Jepsen M, Rohani DA, Busk J, Vinberg M, Bardram JE, Kessing LV. Voice analyses using smartphone-based data in patients with bipolar disorder, unaffected relatives and healthy control individuals, and during different affective states.
Int J Bipolar Disord 2021;
9:38. [PMID:
34850296 PMCID:
PMC8632566 DOI:
10.1186/s40345-021-00243-3]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Voice features have been suggested as objective markers of bipolar disorder (BD).
AIMS
To investigate whether voice features from naturalistic phone calls could discriminate between (1) BD, unaffected first-degree relatives (UR) and healthy control individuals (HC); (2) affective states within BD.
METHODS
Voice features were collected daily during naturalistic phone calls for up to 972 days. A total of 121 patients with BD, 21 UR and 38 HC were included. A total of 107.033 voice data entries were collected [BD (n = 78.733), UR (n = 8004), and HC (n = 20.296)]. Daily, patients evaluated symptoms using a smartphone-based system. Affective states were defined according to these evaluations. Data were analyzed using random forest machine learning algorithms.
RESULTS
Compared to HC, BD was classified with a sensitivity of 0.79 (SD 0.11)/AUC = 0.76 (SD 0.11) and UR with a sensitivity of 0.53 (SD 0.21)/AUC of 0.72 (SD 0.12). Within BD, compared to euthymia, mania was classified with a specificity of 0.75 (SD 0.16)/AUC = 0.66 (SD 0.11). Compared to euthymia, depression was classified with a specificity of 0.70 (SD 0.16)/AUC = 0.66 (SD 0.12). In all models the user dependent models outperformed the user independent models. Models combining increased mood, increased activity and insomnia compared to periods without performed best with a specificity of 0.78 (SD 0.16)/AUC = 0.67 (SD 0.11).
CONCLUSIONS
Voice features from naturalistic phone calls may represent a supplementary objective marker discriminating BD from HC and a state marker within BD.
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