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Lignelli E, Palumbo F, Myti D, Morty RE. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L832-L887. [PMID: 31596603 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00369.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. A key histopathological feature of BPD is stunted late lung development, where the process of alveolarization-the generation of alveolar gas exchange units-is impeded, through mechanisms that remain largely unclear. As such, there is interest in the clarification both of the pathomechanisms at play in affected lungs, and the mechanisms of de novo alveoli generation in healthy, developing lungs. A better understanding of normal and pathological alveolarization might reveal opportunities for improved medical management of affected infants. Furthermore, disturbances to the alveolar architecture are a key histopathological feature of several adult chronic lung diseases, including emphysema and fibrosis, and it is envisaged that knowledge about the mechanisms of alveologenesis might facilitate regeneration of healthy lung parenchyma in affected patients. To this end, recent efforts have interrogated clinical data, developed new-and refined existing-in vivo and in vitro models of BPD, have applied new microscopic and radiographic approaches, and have developed advanced cell-culture approaches, including organoid generation. Advances have also been made in the development of other methodologies, including single-cell analysis, metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics, as well as the generation and use of complex mouse genetics tools. The objective of this review is to present advances made in our understanding of the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and BPD over the period 1 January 2017-30 June 2019, a period that spans the 50th anniversary of the original clinical description of BPD in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Lignelli
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Francesco Palumbo
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Despoina Myti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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Ding S, Hou X, Wang F, Wang G, Tan X, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Qiu H, Sun E, Jiang N, Li Z, Song J, Feng L, Jia X. Regulation of Eclipta prostrata L. components on cigarette smoking-induced autophagy of bronchial epithelial cells via keap1-Nrf2 pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:811-820. [PMID: 29726624 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking extract (CSE)-induced autophagic injury has been regarded as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of lung cancer. We previously found that Eclipta prostrata L. component (CCE) reduced CSE-induced bronchial epithelial cells damage. However, the mechanism remains unknown. Human normal bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) were exposed to CSE to establish stress model. Nrf2-siRNA and Keap1-siRNA transfection were performed. mRFP-GFP-LC3 dual fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the autophagic characteristics. CCE prevented CSE-induced Nrf2 transfer into cytoplasm and up-regulated Keap1 level of NHBE cells. Furthermore, CCE significantly increased p-p16, p-p21 and p-p53 phosphorylation levels in Nrf2-siRNA- or Keap1-siRNA-transfected cells. As demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy and mRFP-GFP-LC3 dual fluorescence assays, CCE mitigated autophagic injury, and also down-regulated autophagy-related Beclin-1, LC3II/LC3I ratio, Atg5 and ATF4 levels. Our findings showed the attenuation of CCE on CSE-induced NHBE cells injury was associated with Nrf-2-mediated oxidative signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Hou
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujing Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Tan
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanli Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Huihui Qiu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - E Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Song
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Feng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
- Chinese Materia Medica Department, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Chinese Materia Medica Department, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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