1
|
Ango PY, Ghoda AW, Abega DF, Mapitse R, Kuete V, Ngadjui BT, Fotso GW, Kapche DWFG. Aframomumlabdane, a new bislabdane diterpenoid from Aframomum arundinaceum (zingiberaceae). Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38976503 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2372847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
A previously undescribed bislabdane diterpenoid namely aframomumlabdane (1), was isolated from the seed of Aframomum arundinaceum together with seven known compounds (2 - 8). Their structures were established based on a comprehensive analysis of HR-ESI-MS, in conjunction with their 1D and 2D-NMR data. Compound 1 was evaluated for its cytotoxic activity against four cancer cell lines: A549, HepG2, SPC212 and DLD-1. The best activity was observed against SPC212 lung cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 0.52 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y Ango
- Department of Pharmacotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Arlette W Ghoda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Destaing F Abega
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Renameditswe Mapitse
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Bonaventure T Ngadjui
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ghislain W Fotso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Deccaux W F G Kapche
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adico MDW, Bayala B, Zoure AA, Lagarde A, Bazie JTV, Traore L, Buñay J, Yonli AT, Djigma F, Bambara HA, Baron S, Simporé J, Lobaccaro JMA. In vitro activities and mechanisms of action of anti-cancer molecules from African medicinal plants: a systematic review. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:1376-1401. [PMID: 38590420 PMCID: PMC10998760 DOI: 10.62347/auhb5811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In recent years, African countries have been faced with a rapid increase in morbidity and mortality due to this pathology. Management is often complicated by the high treatment costs, side effects and the increasing occurrence of resistance to treatments. The identification of new active ingredients extracted from endemic medicinal plants is definitively an interesting approach for the implementation of new therapeutic strategies: their extraction is often lower cost; their identification is based on an ethnobotanical history and a tradipratic approach; their use by low-income populations is simpler; this can help in the development of new synthetic molecules that are more active, more effective and with fewer side effects. The objective of this review is to document the molecules derived from African medicinal plants whose in vitro anti-cancer activities and the mechanisms of molecular actions have been identified. From the scientific databases Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar, we searched for publications on compounds isolated from African medicinal plants and having activity on cancer cells in culture. The data were analyzed in particular with regard to the cytotoxicity of the compounds and their mode of action. A total of 90 compounds of these African medicinal plants were selected. They come from nine chemical groups: alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, quinones, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, xanthones and organic sulfides. These compounds have been associated with several cellular effects: i) Cytotoxicity, including caspase activation, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, and/or induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS); ii) Anti-angiogenesis; iii) Anti-metastatic properties. This review points out that the cited African plants are rich in active ingredients with anticancer properties. It also stresses that screening of these anti-tumor active ingredients should be continued at the continental scale. Altogether, this work provides a rational basis for the selection of phytochemical compounds for use in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc DW Adico
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Bagora Bayala
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Ecole Normale SupérieureKoudougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdou A Zoure
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de recherches Biomédicales (LaReBio), Département de santé publique et biomédicale, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS/CNRST)Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Aurélie Lagarde
- Institute Génétique, Reproduction, Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean TV Bazie
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Département des Substances Naturelles (DSN), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies Appliquées (IRSAT)Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Lassina Traore
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Julio Buñay
- Institute Génétique, Reproduction, Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Albert T Yonli
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Florencia Djigma
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Hierrhum A Bambara
- Service d’oncologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire BOGODOGO, Université Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Silvère Baron
- Institute Génétique, Reproduction, Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jacques Simporé
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Faculté de médecine, Université Saint Thomas d’Aquin (USTA)Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Institute Génétique, Reproduction, Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramadan WS, Saber-Ayad MM, Saleh E, Abdu-Allah HH, El-Shorbagi ANA, Menon V, Tarazi H, Semreen MH, Soares NC, Hafezi S, Venkatakhalam T, Ahmed S, Kanie O, Hamoudi R, El-Awady R. Design, synthesis and mechanistic anticancer activity of new acetylated 5-aminosalicylate-thiazolinone hybrid derivatives. iScience 2024; 27:108659. [PMID: 38235331 PMCID: PMC10792193 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of hybrid compounds has been widely considered as a promising strategy to circumvent the difficulties that emerge in cancer treatment. The well-established strategy of adding acetyl groups to certain drugs has been demonstrated to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Based on our previous work, an approach of accommodating two chemical entities into a single structure was implemented to synthesize new acetylated hybrids (HH32 and HH33) from 5-aminosalicylic acid and 4-thiazolinone derivatives. These acetylated hybrids showed potential anticancer activities and distinct metabolomic profile with antiproliferative properties. The in-silico molecular docking predicts a strong binding of HH32 and HH33 to cell cycle regulators, and transcriptomic analysis revealed DNA repair and cell cycle as the main targets of HH33 compounds. These findings were validated using in vitro models. In conclusion, the pleiotropic biological effects of HH32 and HH33 compounds on cancer cells demonstrated a new avenue to develop more potent cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa S. Ramadan
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha M. Saber-Ayad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ekram Saleh
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | | | - Abdel-nasser A. El-Shorbagi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 16122, Egypt
| | - Varsha Menon
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamadeh Tarazi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H. Semreen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nelson C. Soares
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shirin Hafezi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thenmozhi Venkatakhalam
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samrein Ahmed
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life sciences, University of Sheffield Hallam, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom
| | - Osamu Kanie
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wróbel-Biedrawa D, Galanty A, Zagrodzki P, Podolak I. Optimization of Extraction Conditions and Cytotoxic Activity of Rapanone in Comparison to Its Homologue, Embelin. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227912. [PMID: 36432013 PMCID: PMC9693145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapanone is a plant-derived simple alkyl-dihydroxybenzoquinone structurally close to embelin, a well-known cytotoxic agent. The pharmacological characterization of rapanone is still incomplete, and to fill the data gap, a good source for its acquisition is required to conduct further research. This study aimed to optimize the conditions for the extraction of rapanone from the leaves of white-berried Ardisia crenata Sims. For this purpose, three methods were employed: heat reflux (HRE), shaking (SE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and such parameters as the extraction time, solvent, and the number of extractions from the same sample were set as experimental variables. Furthermore, cytotoxic activity toward prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, and colorectal carcinoma cell lines was investigated and compared with doxorubicin and embelin. The most effective and economical method for the extraction of rapanone was shown to be 20 min UAE with ethyl acetate or chloroform. Rapanone exhibited high cytotoxic activity against PC3 (IC50 = 6.50 μg/mL), Du145 (IC50 = 7.68 μg/mL), FTC133 (IC50 = 6.01 μg/mL), 8505C (IC50 = 7.84 μg/mL), and Caco-2 (IC50 = 8.79 μg/mL) cell lines after 24 h and against the HT29 cell line after 48 h (IC50 = 11.67 μg/mL). Furthermore, it revealed a more favorable safety profile than either its homologue, embelin, or doxorubicin. The set of optimal extraction parameters obtained may be utilized for scientific and industrial purposes to achieve the best rapanone yield. Moreover, this benzoquinone revealed a high cytotoxic activity with good selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Wróbel-Biedrawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Paweł Zagrodzki
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dhara S, Chakraborty K. Apoptotic effect of sulfated galactofucan from marine macroalga Turbinaria ornata on hepatocellular and ductal carcinoma cells. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113363. [PMID: 35944609 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor protein or cellular tumor antigen p53, is considered a critical transcriptional regulation factor, which can suppress the growth of tumor cells by activating other functional genes. The current study appraised the p53 activation pathways, which could be used as an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hepatocellular and ductal carcinoma. Algal polysaccharides have been used as emerging sources of bioactive natural pharmacophores. A sulfated galactofucan characterized as [→1)-O-4-sulfonato-α-fucopyranose-(3 → 1)-α-fucopyranose-(3→] as the main branch with [→1)-6-O-acetyl-β-galactopyranose-(4→] as side chain isolated from marine macroalga Turbinaria ornata exhibited prospective apoptosis on HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) and MCF7 (ductal carcinoma) cells. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate-propidium iodide study displayed higher early apoptosis in MCF7 and HepG2 cell lines (56 and 24.2%, respectively) treated with TOP-3 (at IC50 concentration) than those administered with standard camptothecin. Upregulation of the p53 gene expression was perceived in TOP-3 treated HepG2 and MCF7 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Dhara
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, India; Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, Karnataka State, India
| | - Kajal Chakraborty
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khuayjarernpanishk T, Sookying S, Duangjai A, Saokaew S, Sanbua A, Bunteong O, Rungruangsri N, Suepsai W, Sodsai P, Soylaiad J, Nacharoen V, Noidamnoen S, Phisalprapa P. Anticancer Activities of Polygonum odoratum Lour.: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:875016. [PMID: 35571080 PMCID: PMC9092523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.875016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are a potential cause of death worldwide and represent a massive burden for healthcare systems. Treating cancers requires substantial resources, including skilled personnel, medications, instruments, and funds. Thus, developing cancer prevention and treatment measures is necessary for healthcare personnel and patients alike. P. odoratum (Polygonaceae family) is a plant used as a culinary ingredient. It exhibits several pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Several classes of phytochemical constituents of P. odoratum have been reported. The important ones might be polyphenol and flavonoid derivatives. In this systematic review, the activities of P. odoratum against cancerous cells were determined and summarized. Data were obtained through a systematic search of electronic databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Thai Thesis Database, Science Direct and Clinical Key). Eight studies met the eligibility criteria. The cancerous cell lines used in the studies were lymphoma, leukemia, oral, lung, breast, colon, and liver cancer cells. Based on this review, P. odoratum extracts significantly affected Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome-carrying human lymphoblastoid (Raji), mouse lymphocytic leukemia (P388), human acute lymphocytic leukemia (Jurkat), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29), human T lymphoblast (MOLT-4), human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SAS, SCC-9, HSC-3) through induction of cell apoptosis, arrest of the cell cycle, inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and colonization. The molecular mechanism of P. odoratum against cancers was reported to involve suppressing essential proteins required for cell proliferation, colonization, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. They were survivin, cyclin-D, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). The extract of P. odoratum was also involved in the protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway by inhibiting the expression of Akt, phosphorylated Akt, mTOR, and phosphorylated mTOR. From the key results of this review, P. odoratum is a promising chemotherapy and chemopreventive agent. Further investigation of its pharmacological activity and mechanism of action should be conducted using standardized extracts. In vivo experiments and clinical trials are required to confirm the anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sontaya Sookying
- Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and Integration (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand,Division of Pharmacy and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand,*Correspondence: Sontaya Sookying, ; Pochamana Phisalprapa,
| | - Acharaporn Duangjai
- Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and Integration (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand,Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand,Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Surasak Saokaew
- Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and Integration (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand,Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand,Division of Pharmacy Practice, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pochamana Phisalprapa
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkoknoi, Thailand,*Correspondence: Sontaya Sookying, ; Pochamana Phisalprapa,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Evidence for Anticancer Effects of Chinese Medicine Monomers on Colorectal Cancer. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:939-952. [PMID: 35419728 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly occurring cancers worldwide. Although clinical reports have indicated the anticancer effects of Chinese herbal medicine, the multiple underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms of action remain to be fully characterized. Chinese medicine (CM) monomers, which are the active components of CM, serve as the material basis of the functional mechanisms of CM. The aim of this review is to summarize the current experimental evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies for the effects of CM monomers in colorectal cancer prevention and treatment, providing some useful references for future research.
Collapse
|
8
|
Pho C, Frieler M, Akkaraju GR, Naumov AV, Dobrovolny HM. Using mathematical modeling to estimate time-independent cancer chemotherapy efficacy parameters. In Silico Pharmacol 2021; 10:2. [PMID: 34926126 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-021-00117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the primary cancer treatment modalities is chemotherapy. Unfortunately, traditional anti-cancer drugs are often not selective and cause damage to healthy cells, leading to serious side effects for patients. For this reason more targeted therapeutics and drug delivery methods are being developed. The effectiveness of new treatments is initially determined via in vitro cell viability assays, which determine the IC 50 of the drug. However, these assays are known to result in estimates of IC 50 that depend on the measurement time, possibly resulting in over- or under-estimation of the IC 50 . Here, we test the possibility of using cell growth curves and fitting of mathematical models to determine the IC 50 as well as the maximum efficacy of a drug ( ε max ). We measured cell growth of MCF-7 and HeLa cells in the presence of different concentrations of doxorubicin and fit the data with a logistic growth model that incorporates the effect of the drug. This method leads to measurement time-independent estimates of IC 50 and ε max , but we find that ε max is not identifiable. Further refinement of this methodology is needed to produce uniquely identifiable parameter estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Pho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, 2800 S. University Drive, Fort Worth, 76129 TX USA
| | - Madison Frieler
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, 2800 S. University Drive, Fort Worth, 76129 TX USA
| | - Giri R Akkaraju
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, 2800 S. University Drive, Fort Worth, 76129 TX USA
| | - Anton V Naumov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, 2800 S. University Drive, Fort Worth, 76129 TX USA
| | - Hana M Dobrovolny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, 2800 S. University Drive, Fort Worth, 76129 TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Heliotropium indicum L.: From Farm to a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9965481. [PMID: 34158818 PMCID: PMC8187075 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9965481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to summarize the available data on the ethnomedicinal and phytopharmacological activities of Heliotropium indicum L. based on database reports. For this purpose, an up-to-date literature search was carried out in the Google Scholar, Scopus, Springer Link, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, PubMed, Chem Spider, Elsevier, BioMed Central, and patent offices (e.g., USPTO, CIPO, NPI, Google patents, and Espacenet) for the published materials. The findings suggest that the plant contains many important phytochemicals, including pyrrolizidine alkaloids, indicine, echinitine, supinine, heleurine, heliotrine, lasiocarpine, acetyl indicine, indicinine, indicine N-oxide, cynoglossine, europine N-oxide, heleurine N-oxide, heliotridine N-oxide, heliotrine N-oxide, heliotrine, volatile oils, triterpenes, amines, and sterols. Scientific reports revealed that the herb showed antioxidant, analgesic, antimicrobial, anticancer, antituberculosis, antiplasmodial, anticataract, antifertility, wound healing, antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, antihyperglycemic, anthelmintic, diuretic, antitussive, antiglaucoma, antiallergic, and larvicidal activity. In conclusion, in vitro studies with animal models seem to show the potential beneficial effects of H. indicum against a wide variety of disorders and as a source of phytotherapeutic compounds. However, clinical studies are necessary to confirm the effects observed in animal models, determine the toxicity of the therapeutic dose and isolate the truly bioactive components.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li C, Dong C, Fu J, Xie J, Lai S, Wang H, Chen R, Kang J. The racemic trimeric quinone and polycyclic quinones isolated from the aerial parts of Morinda umbellata L. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 183:112622. [PMID: 33418168 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Four undescribed racemic quinones, umbellatas Q-T, were isolated from the aerial parts of Morinda umbellata L. All enantiomers were separated on a chiral HPLC column, and their structures were elucidated by UV spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, DP4+ NMR calculations, ECD spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Three of the racemes are polycyclic anthraquinones, and one is a rare racemic trimer of naphthoquinone-bisnaphthohydroquinones. (+)-Umbellata S exhibited potent cytotoxicity (IC50: 6.2-9.3 μM) against the A2780, HeLa, H7420, Ketr3 and SW 1990 human cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changkang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chaoxuan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, Jinan University, 613 W. Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, China
| | - Jia Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shengtian Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hongqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ruoyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jie Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Anticancer Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Plumbagin: Review of Research Advances. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6940953. [PMID: 33344645 PMCID: PMC7725562 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6940953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin (PLB), a natural naphthoquinone constituent isolated from the roots of the medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica L., exhibited anticancer activity against a variety of cancer cell lines including breast cancer, hepatoma, leukemia, melanoma, prostate cancer, brain tumor, tongue squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, kidney adenocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, gastric cancer, lymphocyte carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and canine cancer. PLB played anticancer activity via many molecular mechanisms, such as targeting apoptosis, autophagy pathway, cell cycle arrest, antiangiogenesis pathway, anti-invasion, and antimetastasis pathway. Among these signaling pathways, the key regulatory genes regulated by PLB were NF-kβ, STAT3, and AKT. PLB also acted as a potent inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS), suppressor of cellular glutathione, and novel proteasome inhibitor, causing DNA double-strand break by oxidative DNA base damage. This review comprehensively summarizes the anticancer activity and mechanism of PLB.
Collapse
|
12
|
Dissanayake DMIH, Perera DDBD, Keerthirathna LR, Heendeniya S, Anderson RJ, Williams DE, Peiris LDC. Antimicrobial activity of Plumbago indica and ligand screening of plumbagin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:3273-3284. [PMID: 33213303 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1846622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the antimicrobial properties of Plumbago indica root bark against bacterial strains and a fungal strain were investigatedusing the disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration assays. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and column chromatography analyses were conducted to identify and isolate the active compounds. A docking study was performed to identify possible interactions between the active compound and DNA gyrase using the Schrödinger Glide docking program. Both methanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction of the root bark showed significant antimicrobial activity against the gram-positive bacteria than against the gram-negative bacteria and the fungal strain. The active compound was identified as plumbagin. A disc diffusion assay of plumbagin revealed potent antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Molecular docking of plumbagin revealed high specificity towards the DNA gyrase binding site with a high fitness score and a minimum energy barrier of -7.651 kcal/mol. These findings indicate that P. indica exhibits significant antimicrobial activity, primarily due to the presence of plumbagin. The specificity of plumbagin toward DNA gyrase in S. aureus indicates the feasibility of utilizing P. indica for developing new drug leads against drug resistant microbial strain. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M I H Dissanayake
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences (Center for Biotechnology), University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - D D B D Perera
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences (Center for Biotechnology), University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - L R Keerthirathna
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences (Center for Biotechnology), University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Saumya Heendeniya
- British College of Applied Studies, BCAS City Campus, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Raymond J Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David E Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - L Dinithi C Peiris
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences (Center for Biotechnology), University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sood H, Kumar Y, Gupta VK, Arora DS. Bioprospecting the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiproliferative activity of Symplocos racemosa Roxb. Bark phytoconstituents along with their biosafety evaluation and detection of antimicrobial components by GC-MS. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:78. [PMID: 33203457 PMCID: PMC7672880 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-00453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants provide a ray of hope to combat the ever increasing antibiotic resistance and Symplocos racemosa is a valuable medicinal plant. The study focused on highlighting the importance of this plant's phytoconstituents as potential source of novel antimicrobials against planktonic as well as biofilm forming microorganisms, along with their antiproliferative activity. The biosafety of the phytoconstituents was also established, followed by detection of probable antimicrobial components. METHODS The best organic extractant and major groups of phytoconstituents were tested for their antimicrobial activity against reference microbial strains and drug-resistant clinical isolates. The anti-proliferative potential of the most active group of phytoconstituents was evaluated against cancerous cell lines. The in vitro biosafety of phytoconstituents was evaluated by Ames and MTT assay, while in vivo biosafety of the most active phytoconstituents, i.e., flavonoids was determined by acute oral toxicity. Further, the probable antimicrobial components in the flavonoids were detected by TLC and GC-MS. RESULTS Ethyl acetate extract was the most effective among various organic extracts, whereas phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, triterpenes and phytosterols were the major groups present, with flavonoids being the most potent antimicrobials. The phytoconstituents displayed a significant antibiofilm potential, as exhibited by inhibition of initial cell attachment, disruption of the pre-formed biofilms and reduced metabolic activity of biofilms. The phytoconstituents were significantly active against the drug-resistant strains of E.coli, MRSA and Salmonella spp. Further, flavonoids showed significant cytotoxic effect against the cancerous cell lines but were non-cytotoxic against Vero (normal) cell line. All the test preparations were biosafe, as depicted by the Ames test and MTT assay. Also, flavonoids did not induce any abnormality in body weight, clinical signs, biochemical parameters and organs' histopathology of the Swiss albino mice during in vivo acute oral toxicity studies. The flavonoids were resolved into 4 bands (S1-S4), where S3 was the most active and its GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of a number of compounds, where Bicyclo [2.2.1]heptan-2-one,1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1S)- was the most abundant. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the phytoconstituents from Symplocos racemosa bark could act as potential source of antimicrobial as well as antiproliferative metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henna Sood
- Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- National Salmonella & Escherichia Centre and Diagnostic Reagents Laboratory, Central Research Institute, Kasauli, HP, 173204, India
| | - Vipan Kumar Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C.Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh KrishiVishvavidyalaya, Palampur, HP, 176062, India
| | - Daljit Singh Arora
- Microbial Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lazarova I, Zengin G, Sinan KI, Aneva I, Uysal S, Picot-Allain MCN, Aktumsek A, Bouyahya A, Mahomoodally MF. Metabolomics profiling and biological properties of root extracts from two Asphodelus species: A. albus and A. aestivus. Food Res Int 2020; 134:109277. [PMID: 32517915 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological properties of Asphodelus species have been advocated previously. In this respect, the present study attempts to unravel the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity of root extracts of two Asphodelus species, namely, A. albus and A. aestivus. Data gathered demonstrated that the dichloromethane (25.49, 51.30, 104.31, and 81.58 mg Trolox equivalents [TEs]/g, for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH], 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) [ABTS], cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity [CUPRAC], and ferric reducing antioxidant power[FRAP] assays respectively) and ethyl acetate (20.60, 41.86, 89.07, and 57.85 mg TEs/g, for DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays respectively) extracts of A. albus roots showed highest radical scavenging and reducing potential. These findings were in accordance with total phenolic content observed which showed the highest phenolic content of A. albus dichloromethane (30.74 mg gallic acid equivalents [GAEs]/g) and ethyl acetate (23.41 mg GAEs/g) extracts. Interestingly, A. albus and A. aestivus root extracts were active inhibitors of tyrosinase and lipase, with values varying from 56.52 to 71.49 mg kojic acid equivalent/g and 34.88 to 86.32 mg orlistat equivalent/g, respectively. Flavonoids, anthraquinones, and phenolic acids were identified as main individual compounds in chemical profile analysis. This is the first report of the presence of aloin A, aloin B, and aloesin in species other than in Aloe. Scientific evidences gathered from this study claimed the biological activity of the studied Asphodelus species and provided rationale for further investigations which might lead to the development of novel pharmacophores to alleviate oxidative stress related complications, obesity, as well as, skin hyperpigmentation complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lazarova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2, Dunav str., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey.
| | | | - Ina Aneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research-BAS, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sengul Uysal
- Erciyes University Halil Bayraktar Health Services Vocational College, Kayseri Turkey; Ziya Eren Drug Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Abdurrahman Aktumsek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wróbel-Biedrawa D, Grabowska K, Galanty A, Sobolewska D, Żmudzki P, Podolak I. Anti-melanoma potential of two benzoquinone homologues embelin and rapanone - a comparative in vitro study. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104826. [PMID: 32169436 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapanone and embelin are simple alkyl benzoquinone derivatives, mainly distributed in the Primulaceae. They have an interesting scope of biological activities including cytotoxicity. As melanoma is one of the most common types of cancer, in many cases resistant to current treatment regimens, the aim of this study was to assess and compare anti-melanoma activity of the two benzoquinones. Cytotoxicity of both compounds towards different melanoma cell lines (A375, HTB140, WM793) and selectivity with respect to normal keratinocytes (HaCaT) were investigated. Furthermore, interactions with a reference chemotherapeutic, doxorubicine, were assessed. Finally, analysis of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of both benzoquinones was conducted as well. Rapanone showed selective and higher than doxorubicine cytotoxic potential against primary melanoma cell line, WM793. Although embelin was also highly cytotoxic, its selectivity was much poorer. Interestingly, in case of HTB140 and HaCaT cell lines a combination of each benzoquinone with doxorubicine potentiated the cytotoxic potential in a synergistic manner. Embelin revealed higher albumin anti-denaturation potential than rapanone but lower than diclofenac sodium. Anti-hyaluronidase effect of both benzoquinones was higher than quercetin. Both compounds showed antioxidant potential although significantly lower as compared to vitamin C. Finally, neither embelin nor rapanone had any inhibitory effect on tyrosinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Wróbel-Biedrawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Karolina Grabowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Danuta Sobolewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alem FZ, Bejaoui M, Villareal MO, Rhourri-Frih B, Isoda H. Elucidation of the effect of plumbagin on the metastatic potential of B16F10 murine melanoma cells via MAPK signalling pathway. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:427-435. [PMID: 32012353 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer with a very poor prognosis. Melanoma develops when unrepaired DNA damage causes to skin cells to multiply and form malignant tumors. The current therapy is limited by the highly ability of this disease to metastasize rapidly. Plumbagin is a naphthoquinone (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone), isolated from the roots of medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica, and it is widely present in Lawsonia inermis L. It has been shown that plumbagin has an anti-proliferative and anti-invasive activities in various cancer cell lines; however, the anti-cancer and anti-metastatic effects of plumbagin are largely unknown against melanoma cells. In this study, we evaluated the effect of plumbagin on B16F10 murine melanoma cells . Plumbagin decreased B16F10 cell viability as well as the cell migration, adhesion, and invasion. The molecular mechanism was studied, and plumbagin downregulated genes relevant in MAPK pathway, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP's), and cell adhesion. Furthermore, plumbagin elevated the expression of apoptosis and tumors suppressor genes, and genes significant in reactive oxygen species (ROS) response. Taken together, our findings suggest that plumbagin has an anti-invasion and anti-metastasis effect on melanoma cancer cells by acting on MAPK pathway and its related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima-Zahra Alem
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Japan.,Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.,Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nanoobjets, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, Bordeaux, France
| | - Meriem Bejaoui
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Japan.,School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba city, Japan
| | - Myra O Villareal
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Japan.,School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba city, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Japan
| | - Boutayna Rhourri-Frih
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Japan.,Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nanoobjets, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Japan.,School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba city, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rapanone, a naturally occurring benzoquinone, inhibits mitochondrial respiration and induces HepG2 cell death. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 63:104737. [PMID: 31756542 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Rapanone is a natural occurring benzoquinone with several biological effects including unclear cytotoxic mechanisms. Here we addressed if mitochondria are involved in the cytotoxicity of rapanone towards cancer cells by employing hepatic carcinoma (HepG2) cells and isolated rat liver mitochondria. In the HepG2, rapanone (20-40 μM) induced a concentration-dependent mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation, ATP depletion, hydrogen peroxide generation and, phosphatidyl serine externalization; the latter being indicative of apoptosis induction. Rapanone toxicity towards primary rats hepatocytes (IC50 = 35.58 ± 1.50 μM) was lower than that found for HepG2 cells (IC50 = 27.89 ± 0.75 μM). Loading of isolated mitochondria with rapanone (5-20 μM) caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of phosphorylating and uncoupled respirations supported by complex I (glutamate and malate) or the complex II (succinate) substrates, being the latter eliminated by complex IV substrate (TMPD/ascorbate). Rapanone also dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential, depleted ATP content, released Ca2+ from Ca2+-loaded mitochondria, increased ROS generation, cytochrome c release and membrane fluidity. Further analysis demonstrated that rapanone prevented the cytochrome c reduction in the presence of decylbenzilquinol, identifying complex III as the site of its inhibitory action. Computational docking results of rapanone to cytochrome bc1 (Cyt bc1) complex from the human sources found spontaneous thermodynamic processes for the quinone-Qo and Qi binding interactions, supporting the experimental in vitro assays. Collectively, these observations suggest that rapanone impairs mitochondrial respiration by inhibiting electron transport chain at Complex III and promotes mitochondrial dysfunction. This property is potentially involved in rapanone toxicity on cancer cells.
Collapse
|
18
|
Podolak I, Mynarski A, Wróbel D, Grabowska K, Galanty A. Bioactive benzoquinones content variability in red-berry and white-berry varieties of Ardisia crenata Sims. and assessment of cytotoxic activity. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:157-161. [PMID: 31135229 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1614575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ardisia crenata Sims (Myrsinaceae) occurs in two varieties differing in the fruit color, the red berries being common while the white ones are rare. The roots of red-berried A. crenata are a valued TCM product which contains bioactive benzoquinones such as embelin and rapanone. In this study we compared their profiles in different organs of the plant to provide an insight in the pattern of their accumulation within the two varieties. Moreover, cytotoxic activity against human melanoma and prostate cancer cells was evaluated. Quantitative HPLC revealed that the white-berried variety differs profoundly in the content of rapanone, with its total level of 606.5 mg/100 g d.w., as compared to 16.2 mg/100 g d.w. in A. crenata 'red'. Embelin was less distributed and found in minor amounts in both varieties. This is the first report on rapanone content in various parts of Ardisia crenata and on benzoquinones in the white-berried variety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Adam Mynarski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Dagmara Wróbel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Karolina Grabowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tripathi SK, Panda M, Biswal BK. Emerging role of plumbagin: Cytotoxic potential and pharmaceutical relevance towards cancer therapy. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 125:566-582. [PMID: 30685472 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin is a naphthoquinone derived yellow crystalline phytochemical. Plumbagin has a wide range of biological effects including cytotoxicity against cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the pleiotropic nature of plumbagin, it shows the anticancer effect by targeting several molecular mechanisms including apoptosis and autophagic pathways, cell cycle arrest, anti-angiogenic pathways, anti-invasion and anti-metastasis pathways. Among many signaling pathways the key regulatory genes regulated by plumbagin are NF-kβ, STAT3, and AKT, etc. Plumbagin is also a potent inducer of ROS, suppressor of cellular glutathione, and causes DNA strand break by oxidative DNA base damages. In vivo studies suggested that plumbagin significantly reduces the tumor weight and volume in dose-dependent manner without any side effects in tested model organisms. Another exciting aspect of plumbagin is the ability to re-sensitize the chemo and radioresistant cancer cells when used in combination or alone. Nano encapsulation of plumbagin overcomes the poor water solubility and bioavailability obstacles, enhancing the pharmaceutical relevance with better therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, plumbagin can be introduced as a future phytotherapeutic anticancer drug after fully satisfied preclinical and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surya Kant Tripathi
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, Sundergarh, Odisha, India
| | - Munmun Panda
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, Sundergarh, Odisha, India
| | - Bijesh K Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, Sundergarh, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kuete V, Omosa LK, Midiwo JO, Karaosmanoğlu O, Sivas H. Cytotoxicity of naturally occurring phenolics and terpenoids from Kenyan flora towards human carcinoma cells. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2018; 10:178-184. [PMID: 30389223 PMCID: PMC6822163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer constitutes a major hurdle worldwide and its treatment mainly relies on chemotherapy. Objectives The present study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of eleven naturally occurring compounds including six phenolics amongst them were 4 chalcones and 2 flavanones as well as 5 terpenoids (3 clerodane and 2 trachylobane diterpenoids) against 6 human carcinoma cell lines and normal CRL2120 fibroblasts. Materials and methods The neutral red uptake (NR) assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the compounds, whilst caspase-Glo assay was used to detect caspase activation. Cell cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were all analyzed via flow cytometry meanwhile levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by spectrophotometry. Results Chalcones: 2′,4′-dihydroxy-6′-methoxychalcone (1); 4′,6′-dihydroxy-2′,5′-dimethoxychalcone (2); 2′,4′,6′-trihydroxy-5′-methoxychalcone (3); 2′,6′-diacetate-4′-methoxychalcone (4), trachylobane diterpenoids: 2,6,19-trachylobanetriol; (ent-2α,6α)-form (10) and 2,18,19-trachylobanetriol; (ent-2α)-form (11) as well as doxorubicin displayed IC50 values below 110 μM in the six tested cancer cell lines. The IC50 values of the most active compounds were between 6.30 μM and 46.23 μM for compound 1 respectively towards breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells and small lung cancer A549 cells and between 0.07 μM and 1.01 μM for doxorubicin respectively against SPC212 cells and A549 cells. Compounds 1 induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells mediated by increasing ROS production and MMP loss. Conclusion Chalcones 1–3 are potential cytotoxic phytochemicals that deserve more investigations to develop novel anticancer drugs against human carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Leonidah K Omosa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jacob O Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Hülya Sivas
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun Y, Xin X, Zhang K, Cui T, Peng Y, Zheng J. Cytochrome P450 mediated metabolic activation of chrysophanol. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 289:57-67. [PMID: 29698620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Chrysophanol, a major anthraquinone component occurring in many traditional Chinese herbs, is accepted as important active component with various pharmacological actions such as antibacterial and anticancer activity. Previous studies demonstrated that exposure to chrysophanol induced cytotoxicity, but the mechanisms of the toxic effects remain unknown. In the present metabolism study, three oxidative metabolites (M1-M3, aloe-emodine, 7-hydroxychrysophanol, and 2-hydroxychrysophanol) and five GSH conjugates (M4-M8) were detected in rat and human liver microsomal incubations of chrysophanol supplemented with GSH, and the formation of the metabolites was NADPH dependent except M4 and M5. M4 and M5 were directly derived from parent compound chrysophanol, M6 arose from M2, and M7 and M8 resulted from the oxidation of M4 and M5. Metabolites M5 and M6 were also observed in bile of rats after exposure to chrysophanol, M1-M3 and one NAC conjugate (M9) were detected in urine of rats administrated chrysophanol, and urinary metabolite M9 originated from the degradation of biliary GSH conjugation M6. Recombinant P450 enzyme incubation and microsome inhibition studies demonstrated that P450 1A2 was the primary enzyme responsible for the metabolic activation of chrysophanol and that P450 2B6 and P450 3A4 also participated in the generation of the oxidative metabolites. These findings helped us to understand the mechanisms of chrysophanol-induced cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China(1)
| | - Xin Xin
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China(1)
| | - Kehan Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China(1)
| | - Tiantian Cui
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China(1)
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China(1).
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China(1); State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China(1).
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kuete V, Ngnintedo D, Fotso GW, Karaosmanoğlu O, Ngadjui BT, Keumedjio F, Yeboah SO, Andrae-Marobela K, Sivas H. Cytotoxicity of seputhecarpan D, thonningiol and 12 other phytochemicals from African flora towards human carcinoma cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:36. [PMID: 29378558 PMCID: PMC5789597 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite the remarkable progress in cancer therapy in recent years, this disease still remains a serious public health concern. The use of natural products has been and continues to be one of the most effective ways to fight malignancies. The cytotoxicity of 14 compounds from African medicinal plants was evaluated in four human carcinoma cell lines and normal fibroblasts. The tested samples included: β-spinasterol (1), friedelanone (2), 16β-hydroxylupeol (3), β-amyrin acetate (4), lupeol acetate (5), sequoyitol (6), rhamnitrin (7), europetin 3-O-rhamnoside (8), thonningiol (9), glyasperin F (10), seputhecarpan B (11), seputhecarpan C (12), seputhecarpan D (13) and rheediaxanthone A (14). Methods The neutral red uptake (NR) assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of samples; caspase-Glo assay, flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as well as spectrophotometry to measure levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed to detect the mode of action of compounds 9 and 13 in MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells. Results Compounds 3, 9–13 displayed cytotoxic effects against the four tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values below 85 μM. Compounds 9 and 13 had IC50 values below 10 μM in 4/4 and 3/4 tested cell lines respectively. The IC50 values varied from 0.36 μM (against MCF7 cells) to 5.65 μM (towards colon carcinoma DLD-1 cells) for 9, from 9.78 μM (against MCF7 cells) to 67.68 μM (against HepG2 cells) for 13 and 0.18 μM (towards HepG2 cells) to 72 μM (towards Caco-2 cells) for the reference drug, doxorubicin. Compounds 9 and 13 induced cell cycle arrest in Go/G1 whilst doxorubicin induced arrest in G2/M. The two molecules (9 and 13) also induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through activation of caspases 3/7 and 9 as well as enhanced ROS production. Conclusion Compounds 9 and 13 are good cytotoxic phytochemicals that should be explored more in future to develop a cytotoxic drug to fight human carcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2109-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
23
|
Peixoto D, Figueiredo M, Malta G, Roma-Rodrigues C, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR, Barroso S, Carvalho AL, Afonso CAM, Ferreira LM, Branco PS. Synthesis, Cytotoxicity Evaluation in Human Cell Lines and in Vitro DNA Interaction of a Hetero-Arylidene-9(10H
)-Anthrone. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Peixoto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, DQ, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciâncias e Tecnologia; Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Margarida Figueiredo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, DQ, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciâncias e Tecnologia; Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Gabriela Malta
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, DQ, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciâncias e Tecnologia; Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, DCV; Faculdade de Ciâncias e Tecnologia; Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Pedro V. Baptista
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, DCV; Faculdade de Ciâncias e Tecnologia; Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, DCV; Faculdade de Ciâncias e Tecnologia; Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Sónia Barroso
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, DQ; Faculdade de Ciâncias e Tecnologia; Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Carvalho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, DQ; Faculdade de Ciâncias e Tecnologia; Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Carlos A. M. Afonso
- iMed.ULisboa; Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Prof. Gama Pinto 1649-003 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Luisa M. Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, DQ, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciâncias e Tecnologia; Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Paula S. Branco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, DQ, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciâncias e Tecnologia; Universidade NOVA de Lisboa; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu T, Yin J, Chen S, Zhang D, Wang H. Elevated 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in genome of T24 bladder cancer cells induced by halobenzoquinones. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 63:133-139. [PMID: 29406097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Halobenzoquinones (HBQs) are an emerging class of halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water, which raised public concerns due to potential carcinogenic effects to human bladder. Our previous work demonstrated that HBQs and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) together generated oxidative DNA damage via a metal-independent and intercalation-enhanced oxidation mechanism in vitro. This study further investigated the efficiency of various HBQs to induce oxidative DNA damage in T24 bladder cancer cells. Compared with T24 cells without treatment (3.1 lesions per 106 dG), the level of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) significantly increased by 1.4, 3.2, 8.8, and 9.2 times after treatment with tetrabromo-1,4-benzoquinone (TBBQ), terachloro-1,4-benzoquinone (TCBQ), 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DCBQ) and 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2,5-DCBQ) for 24hr, respectively. Interestingly, we found that the oxidative potency of HBQs in T24 cells (2,5-DCBQ≈2,6-DCBQ>TCBQ>TBBQ) is inconsistent with that of in vitro dsDNA oxidation (TCBQ>TBBQ>2,5-DCBQ>2,6-DCBQ), suggesting HBQs induce oxidative lesions in cellular genomic DNA probably involved with a complex mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Junfa Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaokun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mbaveng AT, Kuete V, Efferth T. Potential of Central, Eastern and Western Africa Medicinal Plants for Cancer Therapy: Spotlight on Resistant Cells and Molecular Targets. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:343. [PMID: 28626426 PMCID: PMC5454075 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a major health hurdle worldwide and has moved from the third leading cause of death in the year 1990 to second place after cardiovascular disease since 2013. Chemotherapy is one of the most widely used treatment modes; however, its efficiency is limited due to the resistance of cancer cells to cytotoxic agents. The present overview deals with the potential of the flora of Central, Eastern and Western African (CEWA) regions as resource for anticancer drug discovery. It also reviews the molecular targets of phytochemicals of these plants such as ABC transporters, namely P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multi drug-resistance-related proteins (MRPs), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) as well as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB-1/HER1), human tumor suppressor protein p53, caspases, mitochondria, angiogenesis, and components of MAP kinase signaling pathways. Plants with the ability to preferentially kills resistant cancer cells were also reported. Data compiled in the present document were retrieved from scientific websites such as PubMed, Scopus, Sciencedirect, Web-of-Science, and Scholar Google. In summary, plant extracts from CEWA and isolated compounds thereof exert cytotoxic effects by several modes of action including caspases activation, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells and inhibition of angiogenesis. Ten strongest cytotoxic plants from CEWA recorded following in vitro screening assays are: Beilschmiedia acuta Kosterm, Echinops giganteus var. lelyi (C. D. Adams) A. Rich., Erythrina sigmoidea Hua (Fabaceae), Imperata cylindrical Beauv. var. koenigii Durand et Schinz, Nauclea pobeguinii (Pobég. ex Pellegr.) Merr. ex E.M.A., Piper capense L.f., Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms., Uapaca togoensis Pax., Vepris soyauxii Engl. and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. Prominent antiproliferative compounds include: isoquinoline alkaloid isotetrandrine (51), two benzophenones: guttiferone E (26) and isoxanthochymol (30), the isoflavonoid 6α-hydroxyphaseollidin (9), the naphthyl butenone guieranone A (25), two naphthoquinones: 2-acetylfuro-1,4-naphthoquinone (4) and plumbagin (37) and xanthone V1 (46). However, only few research activities in the African continent focus on cytotoxic drug discovery from botanicals. The present review is expected to stimulate further scientific efforts to better valorize the African flora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T. Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of DschangDschang, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of DschangDschang, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kuete V, Fokou FW, Karaosmanoğlu O, Beng VP, Sivas H. Cytotoxicity of the methanol extracts of Elephantopus mollis, Kalanchoe crenata and 4 other Cameroonian medicinal plants towards human carcinoma cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:280. [PMID: 28545532 PMCID: PMC5445369 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer still constitutes one of the major health concerns globally, causing serious threats on patients, their families, and the healthcare system. METHODS In this study, the cytotoxicity of the methanol extract of Elephantopus mollis whole plant (EMW), Enantia chlorantha bark (ECB), Kalanchoe crenata leaves (KCL), Lophira alata bark (LAB), Millettia macrophylla leaves (MML) and Phragmanthera capitata leaves (PCL) towards five human solid cancer cell lines and normal CRL2120 fibroblasts, was evaluated. Extracts were subjected to qualitative chemical screening of their secondary metabolite contents using standard methods. The cytotoxicity of samples was evaluated using neutral red uptake (NR) assay meanwhile caspase activation was detected by caspase-Glo assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) whilst spectrophotometry was used to measure the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of polyphenols, triterpenes and sterols in all extracts. The IC50 values of the best samples ranged from 3.29 μg/mL (towards DLD-1 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells) to 24.38 μg/mL (against small lung cancer A549 cells) for EMW, from 2.33 μg/mL (mesothelioma SPC212 cells) to 28.96 μg/mL (HepG2 hepatocarcinoma) for KCL, and from 0.04 μg/mL (towards SPC212 cells) to 0.55 μg/mL (towards A549 cells) for doxorubicin. EMW induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells mediated by MMP loss and increased ROS production whilst KCL induced apoptosis via ROS production. CONCLUSION This study provides evidences of the cytotoxicity of the tested plant extract and highlights the good activity of Elephantopus mollis and Kalanchoe crenata. They deserve more exploration to develop novel cytotoxic drugs.
Collapse
|