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Shouqair TM, Rabbani SA, Sridhar SB, Kurian MT. Evaluation of Drug-Related Problems in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Cureus 2022; 14:e24019. [PMID: 35573572 PMCID: PMC9091809 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a challenging global health problem with increasing prevalence worldwide. Concurrence of CKD and comorbidities results in the use of multiple medications and exposing patients to polypharmacy. Polypharmacy in CKD is common across all the stages of the disease and leads to poor medication adherence, higher healthcare costs, and drug-related problems, such as drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). DDIs and ADRs in CKD patients may lower the quality of life, increase the length of hospital stay, and augment the risks of morbidity and mortality. Methodology This was a hospital-based, prospective, cross-sectional study conducted in a secondary care hospital. The study population comprised 130 adult CKD patients admitted to the nephrology department including those on maintenance hemodialysis. Study-related data were obtained from the electronic patient case records. Medications prescribed to the patients were analyzed for potential DDIs (pDDIs) using Portable Emergency and Primary Care Information Database (PEPID 12.1) drug interaction checker. All observed and reported suspected ADRs related to the prescribed drugs were evaluated for causality, severity, preventability, and predictability. Results Out of the 130 patients, majority were males (n = 71, 54.6%), in the age group of 61-70 years (n = 45, 34.6%), and belonged to CKD stage 5 (n = 105, 80.8%). The mean number of drugs prescribed was 11.1 ± 3.8 per patient. The prevalence of pDDIs was found to be 89.2%. Upon analysis by the PEPID database, 708 pDDIs with 215 different pairs of interacting drugs were identified. Polypharmacy (odds ratio (OR): 62.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.97-487.64, p < 0.001) was identified as an independent predictor of the occurrence of pDDIs. Negative binomial regression analysis revealed that dyslipidemia (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 2.7, 95% CI 2.09-3.48, p < 0.001) and diabetes (IRR: 1.2, 95% CI 1.01-1.54, p = 0.040) increased the probability of occurrence of pDDI by 2.7 and 1.2 folds, respectively. Furthermore, the likelihood of pDDI increased with every one-day increase in the length of hospital stay (IRR: 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03, p = 0.015) by 1.02 times and polypharmacy (IRR: 6.30, 95% CI 3.04-13.02, p < 0.001) by 6.3 times. The incidence of ADRs was found to be 10.7%. Majority of suspected ADRs were possible (n = 7, 50.0%), of mild and moderate severity (n = 7, 50.0%), and non-preventable (n = 8, 57.1%) type. Conclusions This study investigated two important drug-related problems, pDDIs, and ADRs, in the CKD population. High proportion of CKD patients in the study had pDDIs. Comorbid conditions such as dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus, length of hospital stay, and polypharmacy were significantly associated with increased likelihood of pDDIs. Furthermore, there was a burden of ADRs in the study population, of which most ADRs were possible and of mild to moderate severity. Prevention, identification, and resolution of these problems in CKD patients is important and can be achieved through medication optimization, which requires a proactive interdisciplinary collaboration between clinicians, clinical pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem M Shouqair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Ras Al Khaimah College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, ARE
| | - Syed Arman Rabbani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Ras Al Khaimah College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, ARE
| | - Sathvik B Sridhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Ras Al Khaimah College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, ARE
| | - Martin T Kurian
- Department of Nephrology, Ibrahim Bin Hamad Obaidullah Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, ARE
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Lee FY, Islahudin F, Abdul Gafor AH, Wong HS, Bavanandan S, Mohd Saffian S, Md Redzuan A, Makmor-Bakry M. Adverse Drug Reactions of Antihypertensives and CYP3A5*3 Polymorphism Among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:848804. [PMID: 35359836 PMCID: PMC8963814 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.848804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients may be more susceptible to adverse drug reactions (ADRs), given their complex medication regimen and altered physiological state driven by a decline in kidney function. This study aimed to describe the relationship between CYP3A5*3 polymorphism and the ADR of antihypertensive drugs in CKD patients. This retrospective, multi-center, observational cohort study was performed among adult CKD patients with a follow-up period of up to 3 years. ADRs were detected through medical records. CYP3A5*3 genotyping was performed using the direct sequencing method. From the 200 patients recruited in this study, 33 (16.5%) were found to have ADRs related to antihypertensive drugs, with 40 ADRs reported. The most frequent ADR recorded was hyperkalemia (n = 8, 20.0%), followed by bradycardia, hypotension, and dizziness, with 6 cases (15.0%) each. The most common suspected agents were angiotensin II receptor blockers (n = 11, 27.5%), followed by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (n = 9, 22.5%). The CYP3A5*3 polymorphism was not found to be associated with antihypertensive-related ADR across the genetic models tested, despite adjustment for other possible factors through multiple logistic regression (p > 0.05). After adjusting for possible confounding factors, the factors associated with antihypertensive-related ADR were anemia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.438, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.002, 14.288) and poor medication adherence (aOR 3.512, 95% CI: 1.470, 8.388). In conclusion, the CYP3A5*3 polymorphism was not found to be associated with ADRs related to antihypertensives in CKD patients, which requires further verification by larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yee Lee
- Centre for Quality Management of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Selayang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Batu Caves, Malaysia
| | - Farida Islahudin
- Centre for Quality Management of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Farida Islahudin,
| | - Abdul Halim Abdul Gafor
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hin-Seng Wong
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Selayang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Batu Caves, Malaysia
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Selayang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sunita Bavanandan
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamin Mohd Saffian
- Centre for Quality Management of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adyani Md Redzuan
- Centre for Quality Management of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Makmor-Bakry
- Centre for Quality Management of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Laville SM, Gras-Champel V, Moragny J, Metzger M, Jacquelinet C, Combe C, Fouque D, Laville M, Frimat L, Robinson BM, Stengel B, Massy ZA, Liabeuf S. Adverse Drug Reactions in Patients with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 15:1090-1102. [PMID: 32611662 PMCID: PMC7409761 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.01030120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Little is known about the burden of adverse drug reactions in CKD. We estimated the incidence of overall and serious adverse drug reactions and assessed the probability of causation, preventability, and factors associated with adverse drug reactions in patients seen by nephrologists. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS The Chronic Kidney Disease-Renal Epidemiology and Information Network cohort included 3033 outpatients (65% men) with CKD and eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, with follow-up for 2 years. Adverse drug reactions were identified from hospitalization reports, medical records, and participant interviews and finally assessed for causality, preventability, and immediate therapeutic management by experts in pharmacology. RESULTS Median (interquartile range) age was 69 (60-76) years old; 55% had eGFR≥30 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and 45% had eGFR<30 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Participants were prescribed a median (range) of eight (five to ten) drugs. Over 2 years, 536 patients had 751 adverse drug reactions, 150 (in 125 participants) classified as serious, for rates of 14.4 (95% confidence interval, 12.6 to 16.5) and 2.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 4.3) per 100 person-years, respectively. Among the serious adverse drug reactions, 32% were considered preventable or potentially preventable; 16 caused death, directly or indirectly. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (15%), antithrombotic agents (14%), and diuretics (10%) were the drugs to which the most adverse drug reactions were imputed, but antithrombotic agents caused 34% of serious adverse drug reactions. The drug was discontinued in 71% of cases, at least temporarily. Adjusted hazard ratios for serious adverse drug reaction were significantly higher in patients with eGFR<30 versus ≥30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 2.6), in those prescribed more than ten versus less than five medications (2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 5.2), or in those with poor versus good adherence (1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 2.4). CONCLUSIONS Adverse drug reactions are common and sometimes serious in patients with CKD. Many serious adverse drug reactions may be preventable. Some specific pharmacologic classes, particularly antithrombotic agents, are at risk of serious adverse drug reactions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER Chronic Kidney Disease-Renal Epidemiology and Information Network (CKD-REIN), NCT03381950.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène M Laville
- Paris-Saclay University, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Clinical Epidemiology Team, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Julien Moragny
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Marie Metzger
- Paris-Saclay University, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Clinical Epidemiology Team, Villejuif, France
| | - Christian Jacquelinet
- Paris-Saclay University, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Clinical Epidemiology Team, Villejuif, France.,Renal Epidemiology and Information Network Registry, Biomedicine Agency, Saint Denis, France
| | - Christian Combe
- Department of Nephrology Transplantation Dialysis, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm Unit 1026, University of Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - Denis Fouque
- Nephrology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Université de Lyon, Carmen, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Maurice Laville
- Nephrology Department, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Université de Lyon, Carmen, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Luc Frimat
- Nephrology Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Lorraine University, APEMAC, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Bénédicte Stengel
- Paris-Saclay University, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Clinical Epidemiology Team, Villejuif, France
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Paris-Saclay University, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Clinical Epidemiology Team, Villejuif, France.,Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, France
| | - Sophie Liabeuf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France.,MP3CV Laboratory, EA7517, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Zhang Y, Shao Y, Liu H, He F, Bou E, Yang H, Pi B. Influence of Chronic Kidney Disease on Patients Undergoing Elective Hip and Knee Orthopedic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J INVEST SURG 2019; 34:346-356. [PMID: 31500490 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2019.1631412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijie Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Emily Bou
- Biochemistry Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Pi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Danial M, Hassali MA, Meng OL, Kin YC, Khan AH. Development of a mortality score to assess risk of adverse drug reactions among hospitalized patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:41. [PMID: 31287030 PMCID: PMC6615098 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant health burden that increases the risk of adverse events. Currently, there is no validated models to predict risk of mortality among CKD patients experienced adverse drug reactions (ADRs) during hospitalization. This study aimed to develop a mortality risk prediction model among hospitalized CKD patients whom experienced ADRs. METHODS Patients data with CKD stages 3-5 admitted at various wards were included in the model development. The data collected included demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, laboratory tests and types of medicines taken. Sequential series of logistic regression models using mortality as the dependent variable were developed. Bootstrapping method was used to evaluate the model's internal validation. Variables odd ratio (OR) of the best model were used to calculate the predictive capacity of the risk scores using the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS The best prediction model included comorbidities heart disease, dyslipidaemia and electrolyte imbalance; psychotic agents; creatinine kinase; number of total medication use; and conservative management (Hosmer and Lemeshow test =0.643). Model performance was relatively modest (R square = 0.399) and AUC which determines the risk score's ability to predict mortality associated with ADRs was 0.789 (95% CI, 0.700-0.878). Creatinine kinase, followed by psychotic agents and electrolyte disorder, was most strongly associated with mortality after ADRs during hospitalization. This model correctly predicts 71.4% of all mortality pertaining to ADRs (sensitivity) and with specificity of 77.3%. CONCLUSION Mortality prediction model among hospitalized stages 3 to 5 CKD patients experienced ADR was developed in this study. This prediction model adds new knowledge to the healthcare system despite its modest performance coupled with its high sensitivity and specificity. This tool is clinically useful and effective in identifying potential CKD patients at high risk of ADR-related mortality during hospitalization using routinely performed clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Danial
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
- Clinical Research Center (CRC) Hospital Pulau Pinang, Institute For Clinical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH), Penang, Malaysia
- Clinical Research Center (CRC) Hospital Seberang Jaya, Institute For Clinical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH), Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Azmi Hassali
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ong Loke Meng
- Clinical Research Center (CRC) Hospital Pulau Pinang, Institute For Clinical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH), Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yoon Chee Kin
- Clinical Research Center (CRC) Hospital Pulau Pinang, Institute For Clinical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH), Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amer Hayat Khan
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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