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Jasińska-Stroschein M. Searching for Effective Treatments in HFpEF: Implications for Modeling the Disease in Rodents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1449. [PMID: 37895920 PMCID: PMC10610318 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has increased over the last two decades, there still remains a lack of effective treatment. A key therapeutic challenge is posed by the absence of animal models that accurately replicate the complexities of HFpEF. The present review summarizes the effects of a wide spectrum of therapeutic agents on HF. METHODS Two online databases were searched for studies; in total, 194 experimental protocols were analyzed following the PRISMA protocol. RESULTS A diverse range of models has been proposed for studying therapeutic interventions for HFpEF, with most being based on pressure overload and systemic hypertension. They have been used to evaluate more than 150 different substances including ARNIs, ARBs, HMGR inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors and incretins. Existing preclinical studies have primarily focused on LV diastolic performance, and this has been significantly improved by a wide spectrum of candidate therapeutic agents. Few experiments have investigated the normalization of pulmonary congestion, exercise capacity, animal mortality, or certain molecular hallmarks of heart disease. CONCLUSIONS The development of comprehensive preclinical HFpEF models, with multi-organ system phenotyping and physiologic stress-based functional testing, is needed for more successful translation of preclinical research to clinical trials.
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Zhang Z, Dalan R, Hu Z, Wang JW, Chew NW, Poh KK, Tan RS, Soong TW, Dai Y, Ye L, Chen X. Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202169. [PMID: 35470476 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to play key roles in the progression of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, which are independent risk factors that lead to atherosclerosis and the development of IHD. Engineered biomaterial-based nanomedicines are under extensive investigation and exploration, serving as smart and multifunctional nanocarriers for synergistic therapeutic effect. Capitalizing on cell/molecule-targeting drug delivery, nanomedicines present enhanced specificity and safety with favorable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Herein, the roles of ROS in both IHD and its risk factors are discussed, highlighting cardiovascular medications that have antioxidant properties, and summarizing the advantages, properties, and recent achievements of nanomedicines that have ROS scavenging capacity for the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion, and myocardial infarction. Finally, the current challenges of nanomedicines for ROS-scavenging treatment of IHD and possible future directions are discussed from a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 408433, Singapore
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Ws Chew
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Kian-Keong Poh
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Ru-San Tan
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 119609, Singapore
| | - Tuck Wah Soong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macao, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
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Liu R, Wang SM, Guo SJ, Ma MM, Fu YL. Histone deacetylase inhibitor attenuates intestinal mucosal injury in fatally scalded rats. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:54. [PMID: 35282042 PMCID: PMC8848362 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe burns, trauma and shock can cause intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, which can lead to intestinal endotoxemia and even sepsis and multi-organ dysfunction. Many studies have shown that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) can improve cell tolerance to hypoxia and inflammation, thus protecting the functions of important organs in the body, and at the same time, inhibiting the degradation of tight junction (TJ) proteins, protecting the intercellular barrier, and reducing tissue edema and organ damage. However, the mechanism is unclear. Methods Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 280-300 g) with a 50% total body surface area full-thickness dermal burn were randomly assigned to 4 groups (20 rats/group): sham control (SC group), scald + normal saline (SN group), scald + 2-methyl-2pentenoic acid (2M2P group), and scald + valproic acid (VPA group). After scalding, we measured the following parameters at various time intervals postburn injury: intestinal mucosal injury score, diamine oxidase (DAO) activity, intestinal protein expression of acetyl histone H3 at K9 (Ac-H3K9), hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), erythropoietin (EPO), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) content, nitric oxide (NO) content, and intestinal mucosal blood flow (IMBF). Results Intestinal mucosa showed significant morphologic injury at 4 and 8 hours after scalding that was attenuated by VPA. DAO activity in the VPA group was significantly decreased compared with the other scald groups. At 4 and 8 hours after scalding, VPA enhanced Ac-H3K9 and ZO-1 expression and decreased HIF-1α and EPO expression in the intestine compared with the other scald groups. At 4 and 8 hours after scalding, eNOS and NO protein content and IMBF in the VPA group were markedly increased compared with the other scald groups. Conclusions HDACIs attenuated intestinal mucosal injury in fatally scalded rats. This may have involved VPA enhancing Ac-H3K9 and ZO-1 expression, inhibiting HIF-1α and EPO expression and inducing eNOS and NO increments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- Department of Burns, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shu-Ming Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Si-Jia Guo
- Department of Burns, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ming-Ming Ma
- Department of Burns, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yi-Li Fu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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