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Butterfield LH. The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Biomarkers Task Force recommendations review. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 52:12-15. [PMID: 28943324 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The clinical successes in cancer immunotherapy have led to a critical need for biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy. It is of the utmost importance to know who is most likely to benefit from these therapies (predictive biomarkers) but also who is starting to respond (prognostic biomarkers) and how the therapy functions in order to make rational combination choices (mechanism of action biomarkers). The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Biomarkers Task Force addressed the state of the art and made a series of recommendations for the field, which is summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H Butterfield
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Immunology and Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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Heery CR, Ibrahim NK, Arlen PM, Mohebtash M, Murray JL, Koenig K, Madan RA, McMahon S, Marté JL, Steinberg SM, Donahue RN, Grenga I, Jochems C, Farsaci B, Folio LR, Schlom J, Gulley JL. Docetaxel Alone or in Combination With a Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine (PANVAC) in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2016; 1:1087-95. [PMID: 26291768 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.2736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Previous phase 1 and 2 trials of PANVAC, a poxviral-based cancer vaccine, have suggested clinical efficacy in some patients with breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancer and have shown evidence of immunologic activity. Preclinical data have shown that docetaxel can modify tumor phenotype, making tumor cells more amenable to T cell-mediated killing. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine if the treatment combination of docetaxel and PANVAC improves clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic breast cancer compared with docetaxel treatment alone. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Between May 2006 and February 2012, this open-label, phase 2 randomized clinical trial enrolled 48 patients with metastatic breast cancer of all subtypes, without limitation on other lines of previous therapy, to receive treatment with either docetaxel with PANVAC (arm A) or docetaxel alone (arm B). Final clinical data were collected on September 16, 2013. All patients were treated at either the National Cancer Institute or the Department of Breast Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS), using a phase 2.5 statistical design, with the intent of identifying a trend toward benefit (defined as 1-sided P≤.10) to guide a larger trial design. Secondary end points included safety and immunologic correlative studies. RESULTS Forty-eight participants were enrolled: 25 were randomized to the combination treatment arm A, and 23 to arm B. No patient remained in the study at the time of the final analysis. Patient and tumor characteristics were well matched. Analysis of adverse events in both treatment arms demonstrated very little difference between the 2 groups. In the combination treatment arm (arm A), statistically significant increases were noted in the frequency of grades 1 and 2 edema (P=.02, likely related to greater median number of docetaxel cycles) and injection-site reactions (P<.001). In the final data analysis, median PFS was 7.9 months in arm A vs 3.9 months in arm B (hazard ratio, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.34-1.14]; P=.09). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results suggest that the combination of PANVAC with docetaxel in metastatic breast cancer may provide a clinical benefit. This study was hypothesis generating and provides both rationale and statistical assumptions for a larger definitive randomized study. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00179309.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Heery
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nuhad K Ibrahim
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Philip M Arlen
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mahsa Mohebtash
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James L Murray
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Kimberly Koenig
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sheri McMahon
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer L Marté
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Seth M Steinberg
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Office of the Clinical Director, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Renee N Donahue
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Italia Grenga
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Caroline Jochems
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Benedetto Farsaci
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Les R Folio
- Radiology and Imaging Services, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James L Gulley
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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