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Kwak J, Ahn D, Kim MS. Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Oropharyngeal and Laryngeal Squamous Papilloma: Disparities in Prevalence and Characteristics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1163. [PMID: 38893689 PMCID: PMC11172269 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14111163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has emerged as an etiologic factor of squamous papilloma (SP). The oropharynx and larynx are common sites of SP, but studies on the prevalence of HPV infection in these sites are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the prevalence and characteristics of HPV infection in oropharyngeal SP (OPSP) and laryngeal SP (LSP). HPV detection and genotyping data of patients with pathologically confirmed OPSP and LSP were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 119 patients were enrolled, consisting of 93 patients with OPSP and 26 patients with LSP. Of those patients, 13 patients with OPSP and 14 patients with LSP were positive for HPV infection, accounting for a prevalence of 14.0% and 53.8%, respectively (p < 0.001). The most prevalent genotype was HPV16 in OPSP and HPV6 in LSP. Over two-thirds (69.2%) of HPV(+)-OPSP infections were high-risk types compared with 14.3% of HPV(+)-LSP infections (p = 0.004). The prevalence of HPV infection in patients with OPSP and LSP demonstrated no differences in terms of age, sex, and smoking status. These results could provide a better understanding of HPV infection in OPSP and LSP and serve as a background for the epidemiology of HPV-related tumorigenesis of the oropharynx and larynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kwak
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dongbin Ahn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mee-seon Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
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Prevalence and Characteristics of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Papilloma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030810. [PMID: 36765768 PMCID: PMC9913424 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in oropharyngeal squamous papilloma (OPSP) are lacking, although HPV infection has been recognized as the primary cause of oropharyngeal cancer for several decades. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of HPV infections in patients with OPSP. We retrospectively enrolled patients with histologically confirmed OPSP in whom the presence of HPV infections and p16 expression were evaluated. The results of HPV infection in OPSP were analyzed according to the clinicodemographic profiles. Of the 83 patients included in this study, HPV test results were positive in 12 patients, with an overall prevalence of 14.5%. HPV genotypes involved low-risk and high-risk HPV types in three (3.6%) and nine (10.8%) patients, respectively. The most prevalent genotype was HPV16, accounting for 58.3% of all HPV infections. None of the OPSPs showed p16 IHC positivity. There were trends toward a higher prevalence of high-risk HPV infection in patients with OPSP aged ≤45 years, never-smokers, and those with multifocal diseases. These findings could enhance our understanding of HPV infection in OPSP and be used as valuable epidemiological data for the management of HPV-associated OPSP and regarding the possible efficacy of HPV vaccinations in OPSP.
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Cancer diagnosis and anosmia recovery in the pandemic update, cholesteatoma diagnosis, otosclerosis in pregnancy, and no renaissance of maxillary sinus irrigation. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2022; 136:189-190. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022215122000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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The Prevalence of High- and Low-Risk Types of HPV in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck, Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis, and Healthy Individuals Living in Poland. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122180. [PMID: 34943415 PMCID: PMC8699972 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus with the potential to infect human epithelial cells and an etiological agent of many types of cancer, including head and neck cancer. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of HPV infection in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), patients with chronic tonsillitis, and healthy individuals, and to establish high- and low-risk HPV genotypes in these groups. The objectives also comprised the delineation of the relationship between the infection with high- or low-risk HPV subtypes and clinicopathological and demographic characteristics of the study groups. This study was composed of 76 patients diagnosed with HNSCC, 71 patients with chronic tonsillitis, and 168 cases without either of these conditions (the control group). HPV detection and identification of subtypes were performed on isolated DNA using a test which allowed detection of 33 common high-risk and low-risk HPV subtypes. The prevalence of HPV infection was 42.1%, 25.4%, and 37.5% in HNSCC, chronic tonsillitis, and control groups, respectively. HPV 16 was the most prevalent genotype in all groups and the non-oncogenic HPV 43/44 was frequent in HNSCC patients. This analysis provides insight into the prevalence of oral oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPVs in patients with head and neck cancer, patients with chronic tonsillitis and healthy individuals, and leads to the conclusion that further investigations are warranted to examine a larger cohort of patients focusing on high- and low-risk HPV genotypes. Efforts should be focused on screening and prevention strategies, and therefore, it is important to introduce tools for effective detection of HPV genotypes. Furthermore, given the role of vaccines against oral HPV infection, our observations lead to the suggestion that HPV vaccination should be of considerable importance in public health strategies.
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The prevalence of human papillomavirus in paediatric tonsils in Southwestern Ontario. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2021; 136:243-247. [PMID: 34602108 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215121002723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ahn D, Heo SJ, Lee GJ, Sohn JH, Jeong JY. Prevalence and characteristics of tonsillar human papillomavirus infection in tumor-free patients undergoing tonsillectomy. Auris Nasus Larynx 2021; 49:229-234. [PMID: 34404549 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of tonsillar human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in tumor-free patients undergoing tonsillectomy. METHODS We prospectively enrolled healthy patients who underwent tonsillectomy for tumor-free tonsillar disease. Their tonsillar HPV infections were evaluated using CLART HPV2, and subsequent p16 immunohistochemistry was performed in patients with positive HPV infection. Moreover, the results of tonsillar HPV infection were analyzed according to sex, age, and indication of tonsillectomy. RESULTS A total of 362 patients were included. HPV test was positive in 8 patients, with an overall prevalence of 2.2%. All detected HPV types were high-risk, including HPV 16 in six patients, HPV 52 in one patient, and HPV 58 in one patient. P16 was negative in all 8 patients with HPV infection. The prevalence of tonsillar HPV infection in males and females was 2.4% (6/246) and 1.7% (2/116), respectively (P > 0.999), and in pediatric and adult patients, 2.2% (5/228) and 2.2% (3/134), respectively (P > 0.999). The prevalence showed a bimodal peak at 1st and 6th decades, with the prevalence of 2.6% (5/194) and 7.9% (3/38), respectively. The prevalence of tonsillar HPV infection in tonsillitis and non-tonsillitis groups were 0.0% (0/104) and 3.1% (8/258), respectively (P = 0.111). CONCLUSION The prevalence of tonsillar HPV infection in tumor-free patients was low, but all detected HPV infections were high-risk types. Our results support using a 9-valent vaccine which covers all high-risk HPV types found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbin Ahn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-g, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Jae Heo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-g, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gil Joon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-g, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Sohn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-g, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Mordechai RA, Steinberg S, Apel-Sarid L, Shaoul E, Rozen SZ, Khoury L, Ronen O. Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus in the tonsils of galilee region adults and young adults undergoing tonsillectomy. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:2865-2871. [PMID: 31300843 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence of high-risk HPV in non-malignant tonsil tissues from patients who underwent tonsillectomy in the Galilee area might explain the low incidence of HPV-related oropharyngeal malignancy in the country. The aim of this retrospective study was to study the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in non-malignant tonsillectomy specimens of adults in the Galilee area. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of all tonsil samples in our medical center. Tonsils from patients over 20 years of age who underwent tonsillectomy for the indication of recurrent tonsillitis and sleep apneas were eligible. Samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tonsillar tissue were tested for the presence of HPV DNA using polymerase chain reaction and by p16 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Of the 71 tonsil samples, age range 20-65, none were positive for HPV DNA. Fifty-two FFPE specimens of tonsil with HPV-positive cancer tested positive by the same method served as positive controls. CONCLUSIONS HPV DNA is rare in non-malignant tonsil tissues of young adults and adults who underwent tonsillectomy in the Galilee area. Further research should be done in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shay Steinberg
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Liat Apel-Sarid
- Department of Pathology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Ety Shaoul
- Department of Hematology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | | | - Lubna Khoury
- Department of Hematology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Ohad Ronen
- Head and Neck Surgery Unit, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, POB 21, 2210001, Nahariya, Israel. .,Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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Holm A, Schindele A, Allard A, Eriksson I, Sandström K, Laurell G, Nylander K, Olofsson K. Mapping of human papilloma virus, p16, and epstein-barr virus in non-malignant tonsillar disease. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2019; 4:285-291. [PMID: 31236460 PMCID: PMC6580074 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Due to their location in the entrance of the aero-digestive tract, tonsils are steadily exposed to viruses. Human papilloma virus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are two potentially oncogenic viruses that tonsils encounter. The incidence of HPV positive tonsillar cancer is on the rise and it is unknown when infection with HPV occurs. Aim To investigate if tonsils are infected with HPV and EBV, to study the co-expression of HPV and its surrogate marker p16, and to evaluate the number of EBV positive cells in benign tonsillar disease. Materials and Methods Tonsils from 40 patients in a university hospital were removed due to hypertrophy, chronic or recurrent infection. These were analyzed for presence of HPV, its surrogate marker p16, and EBV. HPV was studied using PapilloCheck (a PCR method), while p16 was identified in epithelial and lymphoid tissue with immunohistochemistry and EBV using EBER-ISH (Epstein-Barr encoding region-in situ hybridization). Results HPV was not detected, and p16 was present at low numbers in all epithelial samples as well as in 92.5% of the lymphoid tonsillar samples. At least one EBER-positive cell was seen in 65% of cases. Larger numbers of EBER-expressing cells were only seen in two cases. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that EBV and HPV infect tonsils independently, but further studies are warranted to confirm their infectious relationship. Level of Evidence Cross-sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Holm
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Clinical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Alexandra Schindele
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Clinical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden.,Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Östersunds hospital, Jämtland/Härjedalen County Council, Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Annika Allard
- Division of Clinical Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Irene Eriksson
- Division of Clinical Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Karl Sandström
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Göran Laurell
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Katarina Olofsson
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Clinical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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