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Hyniewska S, Dąbrowska J, Makowska I, Jankowiak-Siuda K, Rymarczyk K. The Borderline Bias in Explicit Emotion Interpretation. Front Psychol 2021; 12:733742. [PMID: 34975623 PMCID: PMC8715824 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.733742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical emotion interpretation has been widely reported in individuals with borderline personality disorder (iBPD); however, empirical studies reported mixed results so far. We suggest that discrepancies in observations of emotion interpretation by iBPD can be explained by biases related to their fear of rejection and abandonment, i.e., the three moral emotions of anger, disgust, and contempt. In this study, we hypothesized that iBPD would show a higher tendency to correctly interpret these three displays of social rejection and attribute more negative valence. A total of 28 inpatient iBPDs and 28 healthy controls were asked to judge static and dynamic facial expressions in terms of emotions, valence, and self-reported arousal evoked by the observed faces. Our results partially confirmed our expectations. The iBPD correctly interpreted the three unambiguous moral emotions. Contempt, a complex emotion with a difficulty in recognizing facial expressions, was recognized better by iBPD than by healthy controls. All negative emotions were judged more negatively by iBPD than by controls, but no difference was observed in the neutral or positive emotion. Alexithymia and anxiety trait and state levels were controlled in all analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Hyniewska
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sylwia Hyniewska,
| | - Joanna Dąbrowska
- Psychiatric Clinic I, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Makowska
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Department, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Kamila Jankowiak-Siuda
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Rymarczyk
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
- Krystyna Rymarczyk,
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Villanueva-Valle J, Díaz JL, Jiménez S, Rodríguez-Delgado A, Arango de Montis I, León-Bernal A, Miranda-Terres E, Muñoz-Delgado J. Facial and Vocal Expressions During Clinical Interviews Suggest an Emotional Modulation Paradox in Borderline Personality Disorder: An Explorative Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:628397. [PMID: 33841202 PMCID: PMC8024539 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.628397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Videotape recordings obtained during an initial and conventional psychiatric interview were used to assess possible emotional differences in facial expressions and acoustic parameters of the voice between Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) female patients and matched controls. The incidence of seven basic emotion expressions, emotional valence, heart rate, and vocal frequency (f0), and intensity (dB) of the discourse adjectives and interjections were determined through the application of computational software to the visual (FaceReader) and sound (PRAAT) tracks of the videotape recordings. The extensive data obtained were analyzed by three statistical strategies: linear multilevel modeling, correlation matrices, and exploratory network analysis. In comparison with healthy controls, BPD patients express a third less sadness and show a higher number of positive correlations (14 vs. 8) and a cluster of related nodes among the prosodic parameters and the facial expressions of anger, disgust, and contempt. In contrast, control subjects showed negative or null correlations between such facial expressions and prosodic parameters. It seems feasible that BPD patients restrain the facial expression of specific emotions in an attempt to achieve social acceptance. Moreover, the confluence of prosodic and facial expressions of negative emotions reflects a sympathetic activation which is opposed to the social engagement system. Such BPD imbalance reflects an emotional alteration and a dysfunctional behavioral strategy that may constitute a useful biobehavioral indicator of the severity and clinical course of the disorder. This face/voice/heart rate emotional expression assessment (EMEX) may be used in the search for reliable biobehavioral correlates of other psychopathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Villanueva-Valle
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.,Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José-Luis Díaz
- Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Said Jiménez
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.,Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Rodríguez-Delgado
- Clínica de Trastornos de Personalidad, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Arango de Montis
- Clínica de Trastornos de Personalidad, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Areli León-Bernal
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.,Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Miranda-Terres
- Clínica de Trastornos de Personalidad, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jairo Muñoz-Delgado
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.,Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), Mexico City, Mexico
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