DIY-Bio - economic, epistemological and ethical implications and ambivalences

Biofoundries and citizen science can accelerate disease surveillance and environmental monitoring

A biofoundry is a highly automated facility for processing of biological samples. In that capacity it has a major role in accelerating innovation and product development in engineering biology by implementing design, build, test and learn (DBTL) cycles. Biofoundries bring public and private stakeholders together to share resources, develop standards and forge collaborations on national and international levels. In this paper we argue for expanding the scope of applications for biofoundries towards roles in biosurveillance and biosecurity. Reviewing literature on these topics, we conclude that this could be achieved in multiple ways including developing measurement standards and protocols, engaging citizens in data collection, closer collaborations with biorefineries, and processing of samples. Here we provide an overview of these roles that despite their potential utility have not yet been commonly considered by policymakers and funding agencies and identify roadblocks to their realization. This document should prove useful to policymakers and other stakeholders who wish to strengthen biosecurity programs in ways that synergize with bioeconomy.

Broadening Participation: 21st Century Opportunities for Amateurs in Biology Research

The modern field of biology has its roots in the curiosity and skill of amateur researchers and has never been purely the domain of professionals. Today, professionals and amateurs contribute to biology research, working both together and independently. Well-targeted and holistic investment in amateur biology research could bring a range of benefits that, in addition to positive societal benefits, may help to address the considerable challenges facing our planet in the 21st century. We highlight how recent advances in amateur biology have been facilitated by innovations in digital infrastructure as well as the development of community biology laboratories, launched over the last decade, and we provide recommendations for how individuals can support the integration of amateurs into biology research. The benefits of investment in amateur biology research could be many-fold, however without a clear consideration of equity, efforts to promote amateur biology could exacerbate structural inequalities around access to and benefits from STEM. The future of the field of biology relies on integrating a diversity of perspectives and approaches-amateur biology researchers have an important role to play.

Bacterial Production of Gellan Gum as a Do-It-Yourself Alternative to Agar

Lack of access to reagents and equipment can make performing microbiology experiments difficult in K-12 classrooms and do-it-yourself (DIY) science settings. We demonstrate how the bacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis can be used to synthesize gellan gum, an alternative to agar, with materials available to DIY scientists and educators. The method involves microwaving cultures of S. paucimobilis after a two-step growth procedure, supplementing them with additional media components as necessary, and then pouring plates. Gellan gum produced in the S. paucimobilis culture acts as a solidifying agent and provides a resilient surface that supports growth of microbes, including Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This procedure offers a unique opportunity to experiment with microbial production of an extracellular polysaccharide and to cheaply and sustainably source a reagent for research.