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Burford KG, Rundle AG, Frangos S, Pfaff A, Wall S, Adeyemi O, DiMaggio C. Comparing alcohol involvement among injured pedalcycle and motorcycle riders across three national public-use datasets. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38923430 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2024.2364358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annually since 2008; over 38% of fatally injured motorcycle riders and 20% of pedalcyclists involved in traffic crashes were under the influence of alcohol, yet public health surveillance of alcohol involvement in these injuries is underdeveloped. This study determined alcohol involvement among fatally and non-fatally injured pedalcycle and motorcycle riders and compared findings across three national public-use datasets. METHODS Using the 2019 National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS), the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), and National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) datasets, we identified alcohol involvement in fatal and non-fatal injuries to pedalcycle and motorcycle riders (≥21 years). Alcohol involvement was positive based on the clinician's evaluation of alcohol at the scene (NEMSIS) or within the ED record (NEISS); or when Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) values were ≥.01 (FARS). Pedalcycle and motorcycle injuries were identified across datasets using: 1) ICD10 codes for pedalcycle (V10-V19) or motorcycle (V20-V29) within the cause of injury and EMS respondent's impression of the encounter variables (NEMSIS); 2) product codes for bicycles or moped/power-assisted cycle/minibike/two-wheeled, powered, off-road vehicles (NEISS); and 3) American National Standard Institute's classifications for pedalcycle and motorcycle in the person and vehicle type variables (FARS). The descriptive epidemiology was compared across datasets. RESULTS There were 26,295 pedalcyclist and 50,122 motorcycle rider injuries resulting in an EMS response within NEMSIS data; 10.2% and 8.5% of these injuries respectively involved alcohol. These estimates were greater than the 7.3% of pedalcyclist and 6.1% of moped/power-assisted cycle/minibike/two-wheeled, powered, off-road vehicle injuries involving alcohol among patients who presented to an ED within the NEISS dataset. Based on FARS data, alcohol was involved in 27.0% of pedalcyclist and 42.0% of motorcyclist fatal injuries. Regardless of the data source, pedalcyclist and motorcycle fatal and non-fatal injuries were more likely to involve alcohol among middle-aged adults compared to older and early aged adults, and for men compared to women, with proportions that were generally 3-8% higher for men. CONCLUSIONS Measures for pedalcycle and motorcycle injuries and alcohol involvement vary substantially across national public-use datasets. Standardized, valid, and feasible methods are needed to accurately inform injury prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn G Burford
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Andrew G Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Spiros Frangos
- Department of Surgery. NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYC Health & Hospitals/Bellevue, New York, New York
| | - Ashley Pfaff
- Department of Surgery. NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYC Health & Hospitals/Bellevue, New York, New York
- Department of Surgery. NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Stephen Wall
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Oluwaseun Adeyemi
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Charles DiMaggio
- Department of Surgery. NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Itzkowitz NG, Burford KG, Crowe RP, Wang HE, Lo AX, Rundle AG. Prevalence of indications of alcohol and drug use among patients treated for injurious falls by Emergency Medical Services. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.03.24308063. [PMID: 38883717 PMCID: PMC11177923 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.03.24308063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Objective To describe the distribution of alcohol and drug involvement in injurious falls by location and subtype of fall. Methods Using the 2019 National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) dataset we identified 1,854,909 patients injured from falls requiring an Emergency Medical Services (EMS) response and determined the fall location (e.g. indoors or on street/sidewalk) and the EMS clinician's notation of alcohol or drug involvement. We analyzed substance involvement by fall subtype, location of fall and patient demographics. Results Overall, for 7.4% of injurious falls there was a notation of substance use: 6.5% for alcohol alone, 0.6% for drugs and 0.3% for alcohol and drugs. 21.2% of falls that occurred on a street or sidewalk had a notation of substance use; alcohol use alone for 18.5% of falls, drugs alone for 1.7% of falls and alcohol and drugs for 0.9% of falls. Substance use prevalence was highest, at 30.3%, in the age group 21 to 64 years, for falls occurring on streets and sidewalks, without syncope or heat illness as contributing factors; alcohol use alone for 26.3%, drugs alone for 2.6%, and alcohol and drugs for 1.4%. Reported substance use involvement was more frequent for men compared to women for each location type. Conclusions Overall, 1-in-5 injurious falls on streets and sidewalks and requiring EMS attention involved substance use, and these numbers likely underestimate the true burden. As cities seek to expand nightlife districts, design strategies to protect pedestrians from falls should be enacted.
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Burford KG, Itzkowitz NG, Crowe RP, Wang HE, Lo AX, Rundle AG. Clinical Trauma Severity of Indoor and Outdoor Injurious Falls Requiring Emergency Medical Service Response. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4202941. [PMID: 38766041 PMCID: PMC11100870 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4202941/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Injurious falls represent a significant public health burden. Research and polices have primarily focused on falls occurring indoors despite evidence that outdoor falls account for 47-58% of all falls requiring some medical attention. This study compared the clinical trauma severity of indoor versus outdoor injurious falls requiring Emergency Medical Services (EMS) response. Methods Using the 2019 National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) dataset, we identified the location of patients injured from falls that required EMS response. We classified injury severity using 1) the Revised Trauma Score for Triage (T-RTS): ≤ 11 indicated the need for transport to a Trauma Center; 2) Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): ≤8 and 9-12 indicated moderate and severe neurologic injury; and 3) patient clinical acuity by EMS: Dead, Critical, Emergent, Low. Results Of 1,854,909 encounters for patients with injurious falls, the vast majority occurred indoors (n=1,596,860) compared to outdoors (n=152,994). The proportions of patients with moderate or severe GCS scores, were comparable between those with indoor falls (3.0%) and with outdoor falls on streets or sidewalks (3.8%), T-RTS scores indicating need for transport to a Trauma Center (5.2% vs 5.9%) and EMS acuity rated as Emergent or Critical (27.7% vs 27.1%).Injurious falls were more severe among male patients compared to females: and males injured by falling on streets or sidewalks had higher percentages for moderate or severe GCS scores (4.8% vs 3.6%) and T-RTS scores indicating the need for transport to a Trauma Center (7.3% vs 6.5%) compared to indoor falls. Young and middle-aged patients whose injurious falls occurred on streets or sidewalks were more likely to have a T-RTS score indicating the need for Trauma Center care compared to indoor falls among this subgroup. Yet older patients injured by falling indoors were more likely to have a T-RTS score indicating the need for Trauma Center than older patients who fell on streets or sidewalks. Conclusions There was a similar proportion of patients with severe injurious falls that occurred indoors and on streets or sidewalks. These findings suggest the need to determine outdoor environmental risks for outdoor falls to support location-specific interventions.
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Rundle AG, Crowe RP, Wang HE, Beard JR, Lo AX. A National Study on the Comparative Burden of Pedestrian Injuries from Falls Relative to Pedestrian Injuries from Motor Vehicle Collisions. J Urban Health 2024; 101:181-192. [PMID: 38236430 PMCID: PMC10897068 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-023-00815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Pedestrian injuries from falls are an understudied cause of morbidity. Here, we compare the burden of pedestrian injuries from falls occurring on streets and sidewalks with that from motor vehicle collisions. Data on injurious falls on streets and sidewalks, and pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions, to which Emergency Medical Services responded, along with pedestrian and incident characteristics, were identified in the 2019 National Emergency Medical Services Information System database. In total, 118,520 injurious pedestrian falls and 33,915 pedestrians-motor vehicle collisions were identified, with 89% of the incidents occurring in urban areas. Thirty-two percent of pedestrians struck by motor vehicles were coded as Emergent or Critical by Emergency Medical Services, while 19% of pedestrians injured by falls were similarly coded. However, the number of pedestrians whose acuity was coded as Emergent or Critical was 2.1 times as high for injurious falls as compared with pedestrians-motor vehicle collisions. This ratio was 3.9 for individuals 50 years and older and 6.1 for those 65 years and older. In conclusion, there has been substantial and appropriate policy attention given to preventing pedestrian injuries from motor vehicles, but disproportionately little to pedestrian falls. However, the population burden of injurious pedestrian falls is significantly greater and justifies an increased focus on outdoor falls prevention, in addition to urban design, policy, and built environment interventions to reduce injurious falls on streets and sidewalks, than currently exists across the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Henry E Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John R Beard
- Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander X Lo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Center for Health Services & Outcomes Research, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Rundle AG, Crowe RP, Wang HE, Lo AX. Correction: A methodology for the public health surveillance and epidemiologic analysis of outdoor falls that require an emergency medical services response. Inj Epidemiol 2023; 10:56. [PMID: 37924138 PMCID: PMC10625182 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-023-00469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | | | - Henry E Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alexander X Lo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Health Services & Outcomes Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Rundle AG, Crowe RP, Wang HE, Beard JR, Lo AX. A National Study on the Comparative Burden of Pedestrian Injuries from Falls Relative to Pedestrian Injuries from Motor Vehicle Collisions. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3218781. [PMID: 37609339 PMCID: PMC10441469 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3218781/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Pedestrian injuries from falls are an understudied cause of morbidity. Here we compare the burden of pedestrian injuries from falls occurring on streets and sidewalks with that from motor vehicle collisions. Data on injurious falls on streets and sidewalks, and pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions, to which Emergency Medical Services responded, along with pedestrian and incident characteristics, were identified in the 2019 National Emergency Medical Services Information System database. In total, 129,343 injurious falls and 33,910 pedestrians-motor vehicle collisions were identified, with 89% of the incidents occurring in urban areas. Thirty two percent of pedestrians struck by motor vehicles were coded as Emergent or Critical by Emergency Medical Services, while 20% of pedestrians injured by falls were similarly coded. However, the number of pedestrians whose acuity was coded as Emergent or Critical was 2.33 times as high for injurious falls as compared with pedestrians-motor vehicle collisions. This ratio was nearly double at 4.3 for individuals 50 years and older, and almost triple at 6.5 for those 65 years and older. In conclusion, there has been substantial and appropriate policy attention given to preventing pedestrian injuries from motor vehicles, but disproportionately little to pedestrian falls. However, the population burden of injurious pedestrian falls is significantly greater and justifies an increased focus on outdoor falls prevention, in addition to urban design, policy and built environment interventions to reduce injurious falls on streets and sidewalks, than currently exists across the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John R Beard
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
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Karpusenko T, Alfonsi M, Cirino NTDO, Ishigaki EY, Sanudo A, Paschoal SMP, Leme LEG, Perracini MR. Factors associated with unrecovered falls among older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 51:323-329. [PMID: 37084686 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional exploratory study investigated factors associated with unrecovered falls among older patients with a history of falls in the previous year participating in a clinical trial on fall prevention by asking them about their inability to get up independently after the fall. Participants' sociodemographic, clinical, functional (ADL/IADL, TUG, chair-stand test, hand grip, risk of falling) and fall location were investigated. We conducted a multivariate regression analysis adjusted for covariates to identify the main factors associated with unrecovered falls. Out of 715 participants (mean age: 73.4 years; 86% women), 51.6% (95% IC; 47.9 - 55.3%) experienced unrecovered falls. Depressive symptoms, ADL/IADL limitation, mobility limitation, undernutrition, and outdoor falls were associated with unrecovered falls. While assessing the risk of falling, professionals should consider preventive strategies and preparedness procedures for those who are more likely to experience unrecovered falls, such as training to get up from the floor, alarms, and support services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Karpusenko
- PrevQuedas Brazil Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333, Cerqueira Cesar, Zip code: 05403-010, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maynara Alfonsi
- PrevQuedas Brazil Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333, Cerqueira Cesar, Zip code: 05403-010, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Nayara Tasse de Oliveira Cirino
- PrevQuedas Brazil Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333, Cerqueira Cesar, Zip code: 05403-010, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade de Cuiabá, Avenida Virgílio Favetti, 1200, Zip code: 78.306-211, Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Erika Yukie Ishigaki
- PrevQuedas Brazil Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333, Cerqueira Cesar, Zip code: 05403-010, São Paulo, Brazil; Centro Universitário Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Avenida Lauro Gomes, 2000, Zip code: 09060-870, Santo André, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Sanudo
- PrevQuedas Brazil Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333, Cerqueira Cesar, Zip code: 05403-010, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, Zip code: 04023-062, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Marcio Pacheco Paschoal
- PrevQuedas Brazil Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333, Cerqueira Cesar, Zip code: 05403-010, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eugênio Garcez Leme
- PrevQuedas Brazil Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333, Cerqueira Cesar, Zip code: 05403-010, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333, Cerqueira Cesar, Zip code: 05403-010, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Monica Rodrigues Perracini
- PrevQuedas Brazil Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333, Cerqueira Cesar, Zip code: 05403-010, São Paulo, Brazil; Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Rua Cesáreo Galeno, 448, Zip code: 03071-000, São Paulo, Brazil; Master's and Doctoral Programs in Gerontology, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Zip code: 13083-887, Campinas, Brazil.
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