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Marrella V, Nicchiotti F, Cassani B. Microbiota and Immunity during Respiratory Infections: Lung and Gut Affair. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4051. [PMID: 38612860 PMCID: PMC11012346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious diseases, leading to worldwide morbidity and mortality. In the past 10 years, the importance of lung microbiota emerged in the context of pulmonary diseases, although the mechanisms by which it impacts the intestinal environment have not yet been fully identified. On the contrary, gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with disease etiology or/and development in the lung. In this review, we present an overview of the lung microbiome modifications occurring during respiratory infections, namely, reduced community diversity and increased microbial burden, and of the downstream consequences on host-pathogen interaction, inflammatory signals, and cytokines production, in turn affecting the disease progression and outcome. Particularly, we focus on the role of the gut-lung bidirectional communication in shaping inflammation and immunity in this context, resuming both animal and human studies. Moreover, we discuss the challenges and possibilities related to novel microbial-based (probiotics and dietary supplementation) and microbial-targeted therapies (antibacterial monoclonal antibodies and bacteriophages), aimed to remodel the composition of resident microbial communities and restore health. Finally, we propose an outlook of some relevant questions in the field to be answered with future research, which may have translational relevance for the prevention and control of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marrella
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, 20138 Milan, Italy;
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Nicchiotti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Barbara Cassani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
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Assoni L, Couto AJM, Vieira B, Milani B, Lima AS, Converso TR, Darrieux M. Animal models of Klebsiella pneumoniae mucosal infections. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1367422. [PMID: 38559342 PMCID: PMC10978692 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1367422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is among the most relevant pathogens worldwide, causing high morbidity and mortality, which is worsened by the increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. It is a constituent of the host microbiota of different mucosa, that can invade and cause infections in many different sites. The development of new treatments and prophylaxis against this pathogen rely on animal models to identify potential targets and evaluate the efficacy and possible side effects of therapeutic agents or vaccines. However, the validity of data generated is highly dependable on choosing models that can adequately reproduce the hallmarks of human diseases. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on animal models used to investigate K. pneumoniae infections, with a focus on mucosal sites. The advantages and limitations of each model are discussed and compared; the applications, extrapolations to human subjects and future modifications that can improve the current techniques are also presented. While mice are the most widely used species in K. pneumoniae animal studies, they present limitations such as the natural resistance to the pathogen and difficulties in reproducing the main steps of human mucosal infections. Other models, such as Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), Caenorhabditis elegans, Galleria mellonella and Danio rerio (zebrafish), contribute to understanding specific aspects of the infection process, such as bacterial lethality and colonization and innate immune system response, however, they but do not present the immunological complexity of mammals. In conclusion, the choice of the animal model of K. pneumoniae infection will depend mainly on the questions being addressed by the study, while a better understanding of the interplay between bacterial virulence factors and animal host responses will provide a deeper comprehension of the disease process and aid in the development of effective preventive/therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michelle Darrieux
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular e Clínica, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
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Cotoia A, Paradiso R, Ferrara G, Borriello G, Santoro F, Spina I, Mirabella L, Mariano K, Fusco G, Cinnella G, Singer P. Modifications of lung microbiota structure in traumatic brain injury ventilated patients according to time and enteral feeding formulas: a prospective randomized study. Crit Care 2023; 27:244. [PMID: 37344845 PMCID: PMC10283314 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specialized diets enriched with immune nutrients could be an important supplement in patients (pts) with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). Omega-3 and arginine may interact with immune response and microbiota. No data are available about the role of the specialized diets in modulating the lung microbiota, and little is known about the influence of lung microbiota structure in development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in TBI pts. The aims of this study are to evaluate the impact of specific nutrients on the lung microbiota and the variation of lung microbiota in TBI pts developing VAP. METHODS A cohort of 31 TBI pts requiring mechanical ventilation in ICU was randomized for treatment with specialized (16pts) or standard nutrition (15pts). Alpha and beta diversity of lung microbiota were analyzed from bronco Alveolar Lavage (BAL) samples collected at admission and 7 days post-ICU admission in both groups. A further analysis was carried out on the same samples retrospectively grouped in VAP or no VAP pts. RESULTS None developed VAP in the first week. Thereafter, ten out of thirty-one pts developed VAP. The BAL microbiota on VAP group showed significant differences in beta diversity and Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter Genera were high. The specialized nutrition had influence on beta diversity that reached statistical significance only in Bray-Curtis distance. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that TBI patients who developed VAP during ICU stay have different structures of BAL microbiota either at admission and at 7 days post-ICU admission, while no correlation has been observed between different enteral formulas and microbiota composition in terms of richness and evenness. These findings suggest that targeting the lung microbiota may be a promising approach for preventing infections in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Cotoia
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - R. Paradiso
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Naples, Italy
| | - G. Ferrara
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - G. Borriello
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Naples, Italy
| | - F. Santoro
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - I. Spina
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - L. Mirabella
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - K. Mariano
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - G. Fusco
- Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Naples, Italy
| | - G. Cinnella
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - P. Singer
- Intensive Care Unit Herzlia Médical Center, Herzliya, Israel
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Cui X, Xu X, Hu Y, Li R, Liu Q. Mechanism of Qiguiyin Decoction Treats Pulmonary Infection Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Based on Gut Microbiota and Metabolomics. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3073-3084. [PMID: 37222987 PMCID: PMC10202261 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s405033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Qiguiyin decoction (QGYD) was a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in China. This study investigated the therapeutic effect and the potential mechanism of QGYD on carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) infection. Materials and Methods Pulmonary infections were induced in mice by CRPA. The therapeutic effect of QGYD was evaluated by lung index and pulmonary pathology. The potential effects of QGYD on intestinal flora were detected by gut microbiome. The overall metabolism regulation of QGYD in blood was investigated by metabonomics. Next, the correlation between intestinal flora and metabolites was analyzed to illustrate the relationship between the regulatory effects of QGYD on metabolites and the beneficial effects of intestinal flora. Results QGYD has significant therapeutic effect on CRPA infection. QGYD profoundly inhibited the excessive accumulation of Deferribacteres and Mucispirillum at phylum and genus levels, respectively. Eleven potential metabolites that were abnormally expressed by CRPA infection and significantly reversed by QGYD were identified. Ten of the eleven metabolites significantly regulated by QGYD were related to Deferribacteres. Deferribacteres showed significant positive correlation with DL-lactic acid, phenylalanine and other metabolites and significant negative correlation with vitamin k1. At the genus level, Mucispirillum was closely related to metabolites significantly regulated by QGYD. Mucispirillum was positively correlated with metabolites such as Dl-lactate and negatively correlated with vitamin k1. Conclusion QGYD can improve CRPA infection and has the effect of regulating intestinal flora and metabolism. It was a promising drug against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Cui
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yahui Hu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100010, People’s Republic of China
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Mazumder MHH, Gandhi J, Majumder N, Wang L, Cumming RI, Stradtman S, Velayutham M, Hathaway QA, Shannahan J, Hu G, Nurkiewicz TR, Tighe RM, Kelley EE, Hussain S. Lung-gut axis of microbiome alterations following co-exposure to ultrafine carbon black and ozone. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:15. [PMID: 37085867 PMCID: PMC10122302 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial dysbiosis is a potential mediator of air pollution-induced adverse outcomes. However, a systemic comparison of the lung and gut microbiome alterations and lung-gut axis following air pollution exposure is scant. In this study, we exposed male C57BL/6J mice to inhaled air, CB (10 mg/m3), O3 (2 ppm) or CB + O3 mixture for 3 h/day for either one day or four consecutive days and were euthanized 24 h post last exposure. The lung and gut microbiome were quantified by 16 s sequencing. RESULTS Multiple CB + O3 exposures induced an increase in the lung inflammatory cells (neutrophils, eosinophils and B lymphocytes), reduced absolute bacterial load in the lungs and increased load in the gut. CB + O3 exposure was more potent as it decreased lung microbiome alpha diversity just after a single exposure. CB + O3 co-exposure uniquely increased Clostridiaceae and Prevotellaceae in the lungs. Serum short chain fatty acids (SCFA) (acetate and propionate) were increased significantly only after CB + O3 co-exposure. A significant increase in SCFA producing bacterial families (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacterium) were also observed in the gut after multiple exposures. Co-exposure induced significant alterations in the gut derived metabolite receptors/mediator (Gcg, Glp-1r, Cck) mRNA expression. Oxidative stress related mRNA expression in lungs, and oxidant levels in the BALF, serum and gut significantly increased after CB + O3 exposures. CONCLUSION Our study confirms distinct gut and lung microbiome alterations after CB + O3 inhalation co-exposure and indicate a potential homeostatic shift in the gut microbiome to counter deleterious impacts of environmental exposures on metabolic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Habibul Hasan Mazumder
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Jasleen Gandhi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Nairrita Majumder
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Robert Ian Cumming
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 2927, USA
| | - Sydney Stradtman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Murugesan Velayutham
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Quincy A Hathaway
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Gangqing Hu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Timothy R Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Robert M Tighe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 2927, USA
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Salik Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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Hu X, Han Z, Zhou R, Su W, Gong L, Yang Z, Song X, Zhang S, Shu H, Wu D. Altered gut microbiota in the early stage of acute pancreatitis were related to the occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1127369. [PMID: 36949815 PMCID: PMC10025409 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1127369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most common cause of organ failure in acute pancreatitis (AP) patients, which associated with high mortality. Specific changes in the gut microbiota have been shown to influence progression of acute pancreatitis. We aimed to determine whether early alterations in the gut microbiota is related to and could predict ARDS occurrence in AP patients. Methods In this study, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing analysis in 65 AP patients and 20 healthy volunteers. The AP patients were further divided into two groups: 26 AP-ARDS patients and 39 AP-nonARDS patients based on ARDS occurrence during hospitalization. Results Our results showed that the AP-ARDS patients exhibited specific changes in gut microbiota composition and function as compared to subjects of AP-nonARDS group. Higher abundances of Proteobacteria phylum, Enterobacteriaceae family, Escherichia-Shigella genus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, but lower abundances of Bifidobacterium genus were found in AP-ARDS group compared with AP-nonARDS groups. Random forest modelling analysis revealed that the Escherichia-shigella genus was effective to distinguish AP-ARDS from AP-nonARDS, which could predict ARDS occurrence in AP patients. Conclusions Our study revealed that alterations of gut microbiota in AP patients on admission were associated with ARDS occurrence after hospitalization, indicating a potential predictive and pathogenic role of gut microbiota in the development of ARDS in AP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ziying Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huijun Shu, ; Dong Wu,
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huijun Shu, ; Dong Wu,
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Liang Z, Wang Y, Lai Y, Zhang J, Yin L, Yu X, Zhou Y, Li X, Song Y. Host defense against the infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae: New strategy to kill the bacterium in the era of antibiotics? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1050396. [PMID: 36506034 PMCID: PMC9730340 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1050396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a typical gram-negative iatrogenic bacterium that often causes bacteremia, pneumonia and urinary tract infection particularly among those with low immunity. Although antibiotics is the cornerstone of anti-infections, the clinical efficacy of β-lactamase and carbapenems drugs has been weakened due to the emergence of drug-resistant K. pneumoniae. Recent studies have demonstrated that host defense plays a critical role in killing K. pneumoniae. Here, we summarize our current understanding of host immunity mechanisms against K. pneumoniae, including mechanical barrier, innate immune cells, cellular immunity and humoral immunity, providing a theoretical basis and the new strategy for the clinical treatment of K. pneumoniae through improving host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yiyao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yixiang Lai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Lanlan Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yongqin Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,*Correspondence: Yinhong Song, ; Xinzhi Li,
| | - Yinhong Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,*Correspondence: Yinhong Song, ; Xinzhi Li,
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8
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Jiang Q, Xu Q, Kenéz Á, Chen S, Yang G. Klebsiella pneumoniae infection is associated with alterations in the gut microbiome and lung metabolome. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127139. [PMID: 35905579 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is involved in maintaining homeostasis, and intestinal dysbiosis may lead to opportunistic infections and diseases. Pathogens can disrupt the gut homeostasis and establish colonization, but how they modulate the microbiome and metabolome along the gut-lung axis warrants further investigation. In the present study, we used a classical low virulence Klebsiella pneumoniae (cKp) strain to address this question. We assessed the gut microbiome and lung metabolome in cKp-infected mice by 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Our data revealed that cKp infection reduced gut microbiota diversity and altered microbiome composition. Specifically, cKp infection increased the abundance of MWH-CFBk5 and Actinomadura and reduced the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Clostridium sensu_stricto 1, Bifidobacterium, and Intestinimonas at the genus level. Notably, caffeine and caffeine metabolism were significantly affected in the lung by cKp infection. Moreover, Spearman correlation analysis revealed remarkable correlations of specific lung metabolites and bacteria species at the genus level. These findings suggest that cKp infection is linked to gut dysbiosis and alterations in the lung metabolome. This study is of significance for developing innovative gut microbiota-directed therapy for respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianling Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ákos Kenéz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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Macrophage depletion alters bacterial gut microbiota partly through fungal overgrowth in feces that worsens cecal ligation and puncture sepsis mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9345. [PMID: 35661720 PMCID: PMC9167291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Because macrophage dysfunction from some emerging therapies might worsen gut-derived sepsis, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis are performed in mice with clodronate-induced macrophage depletion. Macrophage depletion (non-sepsis) increased fecal Ascormycota, with a subtle change in bacterial microbiota, that possibly induced gut-barrier defect as Candida pintolopesii and Enterococcus faecalis were identified from blood. Sepsis in macrophage-depleted mice was more severe than sepsis control as indicated by mortality, cytokines, organ injury (liver, kidney, and spleen), gut-leakage (FITC-dextran), fecal Proteobacteria, and blood organisms (bacteria and fungi). Lysate of C. pintolopesii or purified (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan (BG; a major component of fungal cell wall) enhanced growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli that were isolated from the blood of macrophage-depleted CLP mice implying a direct enhancer to some bacterial species. Moreover, the synergy of LPS and BG on enterocytes (Caco-2) (Transepithelial electrical resistance) and neutrophils (cytokines) also supported an influence of gut fungi in worsening sepsis. In conclusion, macrophage depletion enhanced sepsis through the selectively facilitated growth of some bacteria (dysbiosis) from increased fecal fungi that worsened gut-leakage leading to the profound systemic responses against gut-translocated LPS and BG. Our data indicated a possible adverse effect of macrophage-depleted therapies on enhanced sepsis severity through spontaneous elevation of fecal fungi.
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Dynamic alterations in the lung microbiota in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4791. [PMID: 35314755 PMCID: PMC8938502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung microbiota have been found to be substantially altered in numerous pulmonary disorders, and crosstalk between the host pathophysiology and lung microbiota plays critical roles in the regulation of disease states. The aim of this study was to investigate dynamic changes in the lung microbiota during different stages of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Rats receiving an intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were sacrificed at 12 and 48 h after injection, and the hematological parameters, serum cytokine levels, and histological characteristics of the lung tissue and lung microbiota were assessed. After LPS injection, along with fluctuations of systemic cytokine levels and the onset and regression of pulmonary edema, the diversity, components, and functionalities of the pulmonary microbiota underwent significant dynamic changes. The volatility of the α-diversity indices narrowed after LPS injection, and the indices significantly decreased 48 h later. The abundance of 18 genera and functionality of adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette (ABC) transporters, pentose phosphate, and bacterial chemotaxis pathways were found to significantly differ between specified time points. Several significant correlations between the components and functionalities of the lung microbiota and indicative symptoms of ALI/ARDS were also observed. Brevibacterium was correlated with cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-6 and with hematological percentage of neutrophils (NEU%); Wnt, Notch, and chronic myeloid leukemia signaling pathways were correlated with IL-1β; mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway–yeast was correlated with IL-10; and the pathways of ascorbate and aldarate metabolism and basal transcription factors were correlated with platelet-related indicators. The correlations between the lung microbiota and indicative symptoms of ALI/ARDS identified in this study support further investigation into the underlying mechanism of host–microbiota interactions during lung injury and repair.
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