Crizotinib Associated Renal Cysts [CARCs]: incidence and patterns of evolution

Development of crizotinib-associated renal cyst in a non-small cell lung cancer patient with ALK fusion: a case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND

Crizotinib, an oral first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is superior to systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with positive rearrangement of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). However, an increased incidence of renal and hepatic cysts has been reported in the patients on crizotinib treatment.

CASE PRESENTATION

Here, we describe a case of a 71-year-old Chinese women developed multiple cystic lesions in kidney and liver during crizotinib treatment for the primary and metastatic NSCLC. The renal and hepatic cysts were noted by CT scan 3 months after crizotinib treatment, which were spontaneously and significantly regressed after stopping crizotinib.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on literature review and our experience in this case report, we concluded that crizotinib-associated renal cyst (CARCs) has features of malignancy and abscess in radiographic imaging, and thus, pathological confirmation is necessary to avoid inappropriate treatment decision. In addition, to benefit the patients with progress-free survival (PFS), switching from crizotinib to alectinib is recommended for the treatment of NSCLC patients who developed CARCs.

Renal Abscess Caused by Crizotinib: A Rare Case Report

Crizotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been found to be effective in the treatment of c-ros oncogene 1-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Although this targeted agent for treating cancer has shown superiority to standard chemotherapy in some ways, this drug has adverse effects, such as the development of renal abscesses. Some associated renal damage may disappear with crizotinib withdrawal. Hence, we present the case of a 58-year-old man with non-small cell lung cancer on crizotinib therapy who developed bilateral renal abnormal space-occupying lesions, successively which were difficult to identify using various imaging methods; even PET-CT highly suspected the right renal masses as malignant. Finally, the right renal lesions were confirmed as renal abscesses by postoperative pathology. The left renal lesion was considered as renal cysts through the lesion disappearing after crizotinib withdrawal. There have been very few reports in this respect, especially proved by various methods and confirmed by postoperative pathology. It is important to recognize this drug-related complication in order to avoid incorrect diagnosis and inadequate therapy. It is necessary to monitor renal changes after taking crizotinib.

Crizotinib-associated renal cyst development may be associated with prolonged progression-free survival in patients with ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: Case report and review of the literature

Non-small cell lung cancer patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase or c-ros oncogene 1 mutations who are treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib rarely develop crizotinib-associated renal cysts (CARCs). Here, we present a case report and review of the literature supporting the hypothesis that CARCs may correlate positively with progression-free survival.

Crizotinib-associated Renal Cyst Formation in a Pediatric Patient With ALK+ Epithelioid Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Sarcoma

BACKGROUND

Crizotinib is a first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive cancers. Simple and complex renal cyst formation is a rare complication of crizotinib use that has been reported previously in the adult population.

CASE

We report a case of a right renal mass in a 17-year-old with ALK-positive epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma treated with Crizotinib. After cessation of Crizotinib and initiating Alectenib, a second generation ALK inhibitor, the mass decreased in size and the patient remained asymptomatic without evidence of recurrence at three months of follow-up.

A Review of the Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Precision Cancer Therapy-Related Toxicity: A Primer for the Radiologist

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms, types, and clinical significance of molecular targeted therapy (MTT) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and their related toxicity, emphasizing the radiologic manifestations. CONCLUSION. The related toxicities of MTT and ICIs can have acute, recurrent, chronic, and delayed presentations. These toxicities may serve as markers of response and survival. By understanding the clinical significance of drug toxicities, radiologists can play an important role in personalized cancer therapy.

Development of complex renal cysts: A complication associated with Crizotinib therapy

Crizotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been found to be effective in the treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive non-small cell lung cancer. This targeted cancer therapy agent has been shown to have superior efficacy over standard chemotherapy in this small subset of lung cancer patients. An adverse effect of this drug therapy is the development of complex renal cysts. Here, we present a case of a 68-year-old patient with non-small cell lung cancer on Crizotinib therapy who developed complex bilateral renal cysts. It is important to recognize this drug-related complication in order to avoid mistaking it for disease progression, primary renal malignancy, or renal infection.

Alectinib Induced Regression of Renal and Hepatic Cysts Caused by Crizotinib

Background

Crizotinib is the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). An increased incidence of renal cysts has been described during the crizotinib treatment.

Case Presentation

We herein report the case of a 74-year-old woman who received crizotinib for metastatic ALK-positive NSCLC. During the crizotinib treatment, complex renal cystic lesions with invasion of perirenal spaces and iliopsoas muscle appeared; two complex hepatic cysts were also observed. Almost all lesions disappeared after switching to alectinib, a second-generation ALK inhibitor.

Conclusion

It would seem that alectinib is able to reduce in size and number hepatic and renal cysts caused by the crizotinib treatment. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to clarify the role of both crizotinib in the onset of renal and hepatic cysts and alectinib in their disappearance.

Renal complication of crizotinib: Crizotinib-associated complex renal cyst

Crizotinib is one of the first generations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK) and is recently found to be associated with the development of complex renal cysts with inconclusive explanation up to this time. Hereby, we discuss the hypothesis of Crizotinib-associated complex renal cyst development and coexisting renal impairment after initiation of the treatment in a 75-year-old man with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer whose complex renal cysts evolved after initiation and cessation of Crizotinib treatment. The coexistence as renal impairment persisted even after switching from Crizotinib to Ceritinib.

Complete response to crizotinib in a metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown primary harboring MET amplification and NTRK1 co-occurring mutation

Carcinomas of unknown primary (CUPs) have poor prognosis due to the paucity of data on their clinical characteristics and laboratory features, and empirical chemotherapy still remains the critical management for this kind of disease. This study aimed to present the knowledge of treating an elderly man with metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown primary and also with a history of long-term hypertension and renal cysts. He was identified to harbor mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) gene amplification and neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase 1 (NTRK1) gene co-occurring mutation by targeted next-generation sequencing analysis upon the progression of empirical chemotherapy. He was then treated with a standard dose of crizotinib (250 mg, twice daily), which exhibited a satisfactory complete response (CR) of the targeted lesions after 1 month of treatment. When the number of renal cysts increased and renal inadequacy occurred after treatment for 2 months, crizotinib was reduced to half-dose (250 mg, once daily), and still conferred maintenance of CR for another 6.5 months and good quality life of the patient. These results suggested that treatments based on driver genes rather than primary tumor types could be a promising manipulation for achieving better treatment outcome, and a half-dose of crizotinib might be both effective and tolerable for MET-overexpressed CUPs with underlying renal diseases.

Renal Injury during Long-Term Crizotinib Therapy

Crizotinib is highly effective against anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive and c-ros oncogen1-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Renal dysfunction is associated with crizotinib therapy but the mechanism is unknown. Here, we report a case of anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive non-small cell lung cancer showing multiple cysts and dysfunction of the kidneys during crizotinib administration. We also present results demonstrating that long-term crizotinib treatment induces fibrosis and dysfunction of the kidneys by activating the tumor necrosis factor-α/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study shows the renal detrimental effects of crizotinib, suggesting the need of careful monitoring of renal function during crizotinib therapy.

Bosniak Category III Renal Cysts Caused by Crizotinib in an Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Gene-Rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patient

Bosniak category III renal cystic masses are often treated with surgical resection because of high risk of malignancy. Crizotinib is an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor used to treat ALK gene-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer and reported to be associated with complex renal cyst formation. We herein report a case of Bosniak category III renal cysts occurred in a crizotinib-treated ALK gene-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer patients. The cysts regressed spontaneously after cessation of crizotinib and we could thus avoid unnecessary surgical resection.