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Huang B, Li T, Arino-Estrada G, Dulski K, Shopa RY, Moskal P, Stepien E, Qi J. SPLIT: Statistical Positronium Lifetime Image Reconstruction via Time-Thresholding. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2024; 43:2148-2158. [PMID: 38261489 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2024.3357659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a widely utilized medical imaging modality that uses positron-emitting radiotracers to visualize biochemical processes in a living body. The spatiotemporal distribution of a radiotracer is estimated by detecting the coincidence photon pairs generated through positron annihilations. In human tissue, about 40% of the positrons form positroniums prior to the annihilation. The lifetime of these positroniums is influenced by the microenvironment in the tissue and could provide valuable information for better understanding of disease progression and treatment response. Currently, there are few methods available for reconstructing high-resolution lifetime images in practical applications. This paper presents an efficient statistical image reconstruction method for positronium lifetime imaging (PLI). We also analyze the random triple-coincidence events in PLI and propose a correction method for random events, which is essential for real applications. Both simulation and experimental studies demonstrate that the proposed method can produce lifetime images with high numerical accuracy, low variance, and resolution comparable to that of the activity images generated by a PET scanner with currently available time-of-flight resolution.
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Wang K, Huq MS. Inverse shielding and mutual exclusion for PET-MR hybrid imaging concerning induced positronium hyperfine splits radiations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20522. [PMID: 37993545 PMCID: PMC10665340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevalent PET imaging reconstructs 2γ-photon pairs emitted after an annihilation from para-positronium (p-Ps) and rejects 3γ events from ortho-positronium (o-Ps) as noises. The 3γ/2γ decay ratio is ~ 3/7 in human body theoretically but in fact significantly lower due to pick-off process, hence PET imaging quality is well controlled. In a PET-MR hybrid unit, the MR magnetic field alters positronium decay patterns through magnetic quenching: all o-Ps and excited p-Ps states are split into finer quantum states under strong magnetic field, thus transitions between some triplet and singlet finer states (mz = 0) were no longer forbidden, thus some o-Ps converts to p-Ps spontaneously by emitting hyperfine split (HFS) photons, which also drops 3γ/2γ ratio hence helps PET imaging quality. However, inverse magnetic quenching might also occur if any external source of HFS frequencies is nearby, thus many p-Ps convert to o-Ps by absorbing those HFS photons (induced HFS transitions). This will dramatically increase 3γ/2γ ratio and hence degrade PET imaging quality instantaneously. The HFS spectrum lies in a broad range of microwaves, from 0.02 to 200 GHz. To prevent inverse magnetic quenching, it is necessary to block external microwave sources outside the hybrid vault, by adding a thin metal layer at all directions of the vault. This could be achieved by adopting the metallic Faraday Cage, which was originally for MR shielding, with possible amendment if necessary. The frequencies of excitation pulses in MR imaging overlap with HFS spectrum, however, the chance for mutual interference during hybrid imaging is small, hence there seems no need to veto each other during hybrid scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelin Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - M Saiful Huq
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Karimi H, Moskal P, Żak A, Stępień EŁ. 3D melanoma spheroid model for the development of positronium biomarkers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7648. [PMID: 37169794 PMCID: PMC10175546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It was recently demonstrated that newly invented positronium imaging may be used for improving cancer diagnostics by providing additional information about tissue pathology with respect to the standardized uptake value currently available in positron emission tomography (PET). Positronium imaging utilizes the properties of positronium atoms, which are built from the electrons and positrons produced in the body during PET examinations. We hypothesized that positronium imaging would be sensitive to the in vitro discrimination of tumor-like three-dimensional structures (spheroids) built of melanoma cell lines with different cancer activities and biological properties. The lifetime of ortho-positronium (o-Ps) was evaluated in melanoma spheroids from two cell lines (WM266-4 and WM115) differing in the stage of malignancy. Additionally, we considered parameters such as the cell number, spheroid size and melanoma malignancy to evaluate their relationship with the o-Ps lifetime. We demonstrate pilot results for o-Ps lifetime measurement in extracellular matrix-free spheroids. With the statistical significance of two standard deviations, we demonstrated that the higher the degree of malignancy and the rate of proliferation of neoplastic cells, the shorter the lifetime of ortho-positronium. In particular, we observed the following indications encouraging further research: (i) WM266-4 spheroids characterized by a higher proliferation rate and malignancy showed a shorter o-Ps lifetime than WM115 spheroids characterized by a lower growth rate. (ii) Both cell lines showed a decrease in the lifetime of o-Ps after spheroid generation on day 8 compared to day 4 in culture, and the mean o-Ps lifetime was longer for spheroids formed from WM115 cells than for those formed from WM266-4 cells, regardless of spheroid age. The results of this study revealed that positronium is a promising biomarker that may be applied in PET diagnostics for the assessment of the degree of cancer malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Karimi
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11 Street, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Paweł Moskal
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Żak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Ł Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11 Street, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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Moskal P, Kubicz E, Grudzień G, Czerwiński E, Dulski K, Leszczyński B, Niedźwiecki S, Stępień EŁ. Developing a novel positronium biomarker for cardiac myxoma imaging. EJNMMI Phys 2023; 10:22. [PMID: 36959477 PMCID: PMC10036702 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-023-00543-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiac myxoma (CM), the most common cardiac tumor in adults, accounts for 50-75% of benign cardiac tumors. The diagnosis of CM is often elusive, especially in young stroke survivors and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the initial technique for the differential diagnostics of CM. Less invasive cardiac computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not available for the majority of cardiac patients. Here, a robust imaging approach, ortho-Positronium (o-Ps) imaging, is presented to determine cardiac myxoma extracted from patients undergoing urgent cardiac surgery due to unexpected atrial masses. We aimed to assess if the o-Ps atom, produced copiously in intramolecular voids during the PET imaging, serves as a biomarker for CM diagnosing. METHODS Six perioperative CM and normal (adipose) tissue samples from patients, with primary diagnosis confirmed by the histopathology examination, were examined using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and micro-CT. Additionally, cell cultures and confocal microscopy techniques were used to picture cell morphology and origin. RESULTS We observed significant shortening in the mean o-Ps lifetime in tumor with compare to normal tissues: an average value of 1.92(02) ns and 2.72(05) ns for CM and the adipose tissue, respectively. Microscopic differences between tumor samples, confirmed in histopathology examination and micro-CT, did not influenced the major positronium imaging results. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, combined with o-Ps lifetime analysis, revealed the novel emerging positronium imaging marker (o-PS) for cardiovascular imaging. This method opens the new perspective to facilitate the quantitative in vivo assessment of intracardiac masses on a molecular (nanoscale) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Moskal
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Kubicz
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Department of Medical Physics, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Grudzień
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Eryk Czerwiński
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Dulski
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartosz Leszczyński
- Department of Medical Physics, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Niedźwiecki
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Ł Stępień
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Department of Medical Physics, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
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Parodi K, Yamaya T, Moskal P. Experience and new prospects of PET imaging for ion beam therapy monitoring. Z Med Phys 2023; 33:22-34. [PMID: 36446691 PMCID: PMC10068545 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pioneering investigations on the usage of positron-emission-tomography (PET) for the monitoring of ion beam therapy with light (protons, helium) and heavier (stable and radioactive neon, carbon and oxygen) ions started shortly after the first realization of planar and tomographic imaging systems, which were able to visualize the annihilation of positrons resulting from irradiation induced or implanted positron emitting nuclei. And while the first clinical experience was challenged by the utilization of instrumentation directly adapted from nuclear medicine applications, new detectors optimized for this unconventional application of PET imaging are currently entering the phase of (pre)clinical testing for more reliable monitoring of treatment delivery during irradiation. Moreover, recent advances in detector technologies and beam production open several new exciting opportunities which will not only improve the performance of PET imaging under the challenging conditions of in-beam applications in ion beam therapy, but will also likely expand its field of application. In particular, the combination of PET and Compton imaging can enable the most efficient utilization of all possible radiative emissions for both stable and radioactive ion beams, while positronium lifetime imaging may enable probing new features of the underlying tumour and normal tissue environment. Thereby, PET imaging will not only provide means for volumetric reconstruction of the delivered treatment and in-vivo verification of the beam range, but can also shed new insights for biological optimization of the treatment or treatment response assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Parodi
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Experimental Physik - Medizinische Physik, Garching b. München, Germany.
| | - Taiga Yamaya
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Pawel Moskal
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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de Vries EFJ, Elsinga PH, Tsoumpas C. Will extended field-of-view PET/CT depopulate the graveyard of failed PET radiopharmaceuticals? Cancer Imaging 2022; 22:70. [PMID: 36529738 PMCID: PMC9761966 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-022-00510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid emergence of extended Field-of-View PET-cameras several new applications for radiopharmaceuticals become within reach. Main reason is the significant increase of the sensitivity of the PET-camera so that much less radioactivity can be administered. Issues that that hampered development or use of PET-radiopharmaceuticals become realistic again. Molar activity requirements can become less strict. New low-yielding radiochemistry methods may become applicable. Carbon-11 labelled compounds can revive and potentially be shipped to nearby PET-facilities. PET-radiopharmaceuticals with slow kinetics in comparison to their half life can still be used. As additional infrastructure and equipment will likely remain unchanged and keep the same sensitivity therefore there will be issues with kinetic modelling requiring analysis of plasma or metabolites samples with lower count rate. Besides the potential revival of failed radiopharmaceuticals, novel challenges are ahead to develop novel radiochemistry based on thus far unsuitable (low yielding or time consuming) reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. F. J. de Vries
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ The Netherlands
| | - P. H. Elsinga
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ The Netherlands
| | - C. Tsoumpas
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713GZ The Netherlands
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7
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Multi-molecule imaging and inter-molecular imaging in nuclear medicine. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/bioal-2022-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Multi-molecule imaging and inter-molecular imaging are not fully implemented yet, however, can become an alternative in nuclear medicine. In this review article, we present arguments demonstrating that the advent of the Compton positron emission tomography (Compton-PET) system and the invention of the quantum chemical sensing method with double photon emission imaging (DPEI) provide realistic perspectives for visualizing inter-molecular and multi-molecule in nuclear medicine with MeV photon. In particular, the pH change of InCl3 solutions can be detected and visualized in a three-dimensional image by combining the hyperfine electric quadrupole interaction sensing and DPEI. Moreover, chemical states, such as chelating, can be detected through angular correlation sensing. We argue that multi-molecule and chemical sensing could be a realistic stream of research in future nuclear medicine.
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Multi-photon time-of-flight MLEM application for the positronium imaging in J-PET. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/bioal-2022-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We develop a positronium imaging method for the Jagiellonian PET (J-PET) scanners based on the time-of-flight maximum likelihood expectation maximisation (TOF MLEM). The system matrix elements are calculated on-the-fly for the coincidences comprising two annihilation and one de-excitation photons that originate from the ortho-positronium (o-Ps) decay. Using the Geant4 library, a Monte Carlo simulation was conducted for four cylindrical 22Na sources of β+ decay with diverse o-Ps mean lifetimes, placed symmetrically inside the two JPET prototypes. The estimated time differences between the annihilation and the positron emission were aggregated into histograms (one per voxel), updated by the weights of the activities reconstructed by TOF MLEM. The simulations were restricted to include only the o-Ps decays into back-to-back photons, allowing a linear fitting model to be employed for the estimation of the mean lifetime from each histogram built in the log scale. To suppress the noise, the exclusion of voxels with activity below 2% – 10% of the peak was studied. The estimated o-Ps mean lifetimes were consistent with the simulation and distributed quasi -uniformly at high MLEM iterations. The proposed positronium imaging technique can be further upgraded to include various correction factors, as well as be modified according to realistic o-Ps decay models.
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Feasibility study of positronium application for blood clots structural characteristics. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/bioal-2022-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Positron-electron annihilation in living organisms occurs in about 30% via the formation of a metastable ortho-positronium atom that annihilates into two 511 keV photons in tissues because of the pick-off and conversion processes. Positronium (Ps) annihilation lifetime and intensities can be used to determine the size and quantity of defects in a material’s microstructure, such as voids or pores in the range of nanometers. This is particularly true for blood clots. Here we present pilot investigations of positronium properties in fibrin clots. The studies are complemented by the use of SEM Edax and micro-computed tomography (µCT) to evaluate the extracted thrombotic material’s properties. µCT is a versatile characterization method offering in situ and in operando possibilities and is a qualitative diagnostic tool. With µCT the presence of pores, cracks, and structural errors can be verified, and hence the 3D inner structure of samples can be investigated.
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Stępień EŁ, Rząca C, Moskal P. Radiovesicolomics-new approach in medical imaging. Front Physiol 2022; 13:996985. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.996985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review introduce extracellular vesicles (EVs) to a molecular imaging field. The idea of modern analyses based on the use of omics studies, using high-throughput methods to characterize the molecular content of a single biological system, vesicolomics seems to be the new approach to collect molecular data about EV content, to find novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets. The use of various imaging techniques, including those based on radionuclides as positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), combining molecular data on EVs, opens up the new space for radiovesicolomics—a new approach to be used in theranostics.
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Qi J, Huang B. Positronium Lifetime Image Reconstruction for TOF PET. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2022; 41:2848-2855. [PMID: 35584079 PMCID: PMC9829407 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2022.3174561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography is widely used in clinical and preclinical applications. Positronium lifetime carries information about the tissue microenvironment where positrons are emitted, but such information has not been captured because of two technical challenges. One challenge is the low sensitivity in detecting triple coincidence events. This problem has been mitigated by the recent developments of PET scanners with long (1-2 m) axial field of view. The other challenge is the low spatial resolution of the positronium lifetime images formed by existing methods that is determined by the time-of-flight (TOF) resolution (200-500 ps) of existing PET scanners. This paper solves the second challenge by developing a new image reconstruction method to generate high-resolution positronium lifetime images using existing TOF PET. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed method can reconstruct positronium lifetime images at much better spatial resolution than the limit set by the TOF resolution of the PET scanner. The proposed method opens up the possibility of performing positronium lifetime imaging using existing TOF PET scanners. The lifetime information can be used to understand the tissue microenvironment in vivo which could facilitate the study of disease mechanism and selection of proper treatments.
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Compton imaging for medical applications. Radiol Phys Technol 2022; 15:187-205. [PMID: 35867197 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-022-00666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Compton imaging exploits inelastic scattering, known as Compton scattering, using a Compton camera consisting of a scatterer detector in the front layer and an absorber detector in the back layer. This method was developed for astronomy, and in recent years, research and development for environmental and medical applications has been actively conducted. Compton imaging can discriminate gamma rays over a wide energy range from several hundred keV to several MeV. Therefore, it is expected to be applied to the simultaneous imaging of multiple nuclides in nuclear medicine and prompt gamma ray imaging for range verification in particle therapy. In addition, multiple gamma coincidence imaging is expected to be realized, which allows the source position to be determined from a single coincidence event using nuclides that emit multiple gamma rays simultaneously, such as nuclides that emit a single gamma ray simultaneously with positron decay. This review introduces various efforts toward the practical application of Compton imaging in the medical field, including in vivo studies, and discusses its prospects.
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Shibuya K, Saito H, Tashima H, Yamaya T. Using inverse Laplace transform in positronium lifetime imaging. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [PMID: 35008076 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac499b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Positronium (Ps) lifetime imaging is gaining attention to bring out additional biomedical information from positron emission tomography (PET). The lifetime of Psin vivocan change depending on the physical and chemical environments related to some diseases. Due to the limited sensitivity, Ps lifetime imaging may require merging some voxels for statistical accuracy. This paper presents a method for separating the lifetime components in the voxel to avoid information loss due to averaging. The mathematics for this separation is the inverse Laplace transform (ILT), and the authors examined an iterative numerical ILT algorithm using Tikhonov regularization, namely CONTIN, to discriminate a small lifetime difference due to oxygen saturation. The separability makes it possible to merge voxels without missing critical information on whether they contain abnormally long or short lifetime components. The authors conclude that ILT can compensate for the weaknesses of Ps lifetime imaging and extract the maximum amount of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Shibuya
- Institute of Physics, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.,Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Haruo Saito
- Institute of Physics, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tashima
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Taiga Yamaya
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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14
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Total-body PET. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Abstract
Abstract
In this review article, we present arguments demonstrating that the advent of high sensitivity total-body PET systems and the invention of the method of positronium imaging, open realistic perspectives for the application of positronium as a biomarker for in-vivo assessment of the degree of hypoxia. Hypoxia is a state or condition, in which the availability of oxygen is not sufficient to support physiological processes in tissue and organs. Positronium is a metastable atom formed from electron and positron which is copiously produced in the intramolecular spaces in the living organisms undergoing positron emission tomography (PET). Properties of positronium, such as e.g., lifetime, depend on the size of intramolecular spaces and the concentration in them of oxygen molecules. Therefore, information on the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the tissue may be derived from the positronium lifetime measurement. The partial pressure of oxygen differs between healthy and cancer tissues in the range from 10 to 50 mmHg. Such differences of pO2 result in the change of ortho-positronium lifetime e.g., in water by about 2–7 ps. Thus, the application of positronium as a biomarker of hypoxia requires the determination of the mean positronium lifetime with the resolution in the order of 2 ps. We argue that such resolution is in principle achievable for organ-wise positronium imaging with the total-body PET systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Moskal
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
| | - Ewa Ł. Stępień
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
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16
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Alavi A, Werner TJ, Stępień EŁ, Moskal P. Unparalleled and revolutionary impact of PET imaging on research and day to day practice of medicine. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/bams-2021-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is the most quantitative modality for assessing disease activity at the molecular and cellular levels, and therefore, it allows monitoring its course and determining the efficacy of various therapeutic interventions. In this scientific communication, we describe the unparalleled and revolutionary impact of PET imaging on research and day to day practice of medicine. We emphasize the critical importance of the development and synthesis of novel radiotracers (starting from the enormous impact of F-Fluorodeouxyglucose (FDG) introduced by investigators at the University of Pennsylvania (PENN)) and PET instrumentation. These innovations have led to the total-body PET systems enabling dynamic and parametric molecular imaging of all organs in the body simultaneously. We also present our perspectives for future development of molecular imaging by multiphoton PET systems that will enable users to extract substantial information (owing to the evolving role of positronium imaging) about the related molecular and biological bases of various disorders, which are unachievable by the current PET imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology , Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Thomas J. Werner
- Department of Radiology , Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Ewa Ł. Stępień
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science , Jagiellonian University Kraków , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
| | - Pawel Moskal
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science , Jagiellonian University Kraków , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
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17
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Silarski M, Dziedzic-Kocurek K, Szczepanek M. Combined BNCT and PET for theranostics. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/bams-2021-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This short review summarizes the issue of boron distribution monitoring in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), which remains a serious drawback of this powerful oncological treatment. Here we present the monitoring methods that are presently used with particular emphasis on the positron emission tomography (PET) which has the highest potential to be used for the real-time monitoring of boron biodistribution. We discuss the possibility of using present PET scanners to determine the boron uptake in vivo before the BNCT treatment with the use of p-boronphenylalanine (BPA) labeled with 18F isotope. Several examples of preclinical studies and clinical trials performed with the use of [18F]FBPA are shown. We also discuss shortly the perspectives of using other radiotracers and boron carriers which may significantly improve the boron imaging with the use of the state-of-the-art Total-Body PET scanners providing a theranostic approach in the BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Silarski
- Faculty of Physics , Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Cracow , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University , Cracow , Poland
| | | | - Monika Szczepanek
- Faculty of Physics , Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Cracow , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University , Cracow , Poland
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18
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Choiński J, Łyczko M. Prospects for the production of radioisotopes and radiobioconjugates for theranostics. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/bams-2021-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The development of diagnostic methods in medicine as well as the progress in the synthesis of biologically active compounds allows the use of selected radioisotopes for the simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of diseases, especially cancerous ones, in patients. This approach is called theranostic. This review article includes chemical and physical characterization of chosen theranostic radioisotopes and their compounds that are or could be useful in nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Łyczko
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology , Warsaw , Poland
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19
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Cegła P, Piotrowski T. History of positron emission tomography (PET) in Poland. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/bams-2021-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this short chronological review, we showed the development of positron emission tomography (PET) starting from research on first isotopes through the concepts and prototype of PET machine to the current clinical practice and technological and clinical research. Particular emphasis was placed on a clear description of the milestones of PET development in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cegła
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Greater Poland Cancer Centre , Poznan , Poland
| | - Tomasz Piotrowski
- Department of Electroradiology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
- Department of Medical Physics , Greater Poland Cancer Centre , Poznan , Poland
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20
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Moskal P, Dulski K, Chug N, Curceanu C, Czerwiński E, Dadgar M, Gajewski J, Gajos A, Grudzień G, Hiesmayr BC, Kacprzak K, Kapłon Ł, Karimi H, Klimaszewski K, Korcyl G, Kowalski P, Kozik T, Krawczyk N, Krzemień W, Kubicz E, Małczak P, Niedźwiecki S, Pawlik-Niedźwiecka M, Pędziwiatr M, Raczyński L, Raj J, Ruciński A, Sharma S, Shopa RY, Silarski M, Skurzok M, Stępień EŁ, Szczepanek M, Tayefi F, Wiślicki W. Positronium imaging with the novel multiphoton PET scanner. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh4394. [PMID: 34644101 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh4394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In vivo assessment of cancer and precise location of altered tissues at initial stages of molecular disorders are important diagnostic challenges. Positronium is copiously formed in the free molecular spaces in the patient’s body during positron emission tomography (PET). The positronium properties vary according to the size of inter- and intramolecular voids and the concentration of molecules in them such as, e.g., molecular oxygen, O2; therefore, positronium imaging may provide information about disease progression during the initial stages of molecular alterations. Current PET systems do not allow acquisition of positronium images. This study presents a new method that enables positronium imaging by simultaneous registration of annihilation photons and deexcitation photons from pharmaceuticals labeled with radionuclides. The first positronium imaging of a phantom built from cardiac myxoma and adipose tissue is demonstrated. It is anticipated that positronium imaging will substantially enhance the specificity of PET diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Moskal
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Dulski
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Neha Chug
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Eryk Czerwiński
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Meysam Dadgar
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Gajewski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksander Gajos
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Grudzień
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, John Paul II Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Kacprzak
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kapłon
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Hanieh Karimi
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Konrad Klimaszewski
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Korcyl
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalski
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kozik
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Nikodem Krawczyk
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Krzemień
- High Energy Physics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kubicz
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Małczak
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Niedźwiecki
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Pawlik-Niedźwiecka
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Pędziwiatr
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lech Raczyński
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Juhi Raj
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Antoni Ruciński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sushil Sharma
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Roman Y Shopa
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Michał Silarski
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skurzok
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Ł Stępień
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Szczepanek
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Faranak Tayefi
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wiślicki
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
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21
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Moskal P, Gajos A, Mohammed M, Chhokar J, Chug N, Curceanu C, Czerwiński E, Dadgar M, Dulski K, Gorgol M, Goworek J, Hiesmayr BC, Jasińska B, Kacprzak K, Kapłon Ł, Karimi H, Kisielewska D, Klimaszewski K, Korcyl G, Kowalski P, Krawczyk N, Krzemień W, Kozik T, Kubicz E, Niedźwiecki S, Parzych S, Pawlik-Niedźwiecka M, Raczyński L, Raj J, Sharma S, Choudhary S, Shopa RY, Sienkiewicz A, Silarski M, Skurzok M, Stępień EŁ, Tayefi F, Wiślicki W. Testing CPT symmetry in ortho-positronium decays with positronium annihilation tomography. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5658. [PMID: 34580294 PMCID: PMC8476595 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Charged lepton system symmetry under combined charge, parity, and time-reversal transformation (CPT) remains scarcely tested. Despite stringent quantum-electrodynamic limits, discrepancies in predictions for the electron–positron bound state (positronium atom) motivate further investigation, including fundamental symmetry tests. While CPT noninvariance effects could be manifested in non-vanishing angular correlations between final-state photons and spin of annihilating positronium, measurements were previously limited by knowledge of the latter. Here, we demonstrate tomographic reconstruction techniques applied to three-photon annihilations of ortho-positronium atoms to estimate their spin polarisation without magnetic field or polarised positronium source. We use a plastic-scintillator-based positron-emission-tomography scanner to record ortho-positronium (o-Ps) annihilations with single-event estimation of o-Ps spin and determine the complete spectrum of an angular correlation operator sensitive to CPT-violating effects. We find no violation at the precision level of 10−4, with an over threefold improvement on the previous measurement. CPT violation could manifest itself in annihilating positronium events, but searching for this effect would require to know the spin of the annihilating system. Here, the authors do this using a positron-emission tomography scanner, finding no violation with a statistical precision of 10−4.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moskal
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland. .,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - A Gajos
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland. .,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - M Mohammed
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - J Chhokar
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - N Chug
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - C Curceanu
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati CP 13, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - E Czerwiński
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Dadgar
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - K Dulski
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Gorgol
- Department of Nuclear Methods, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - J Goworek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - B C Hiesmayr
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Jasińska
- Department of Nuclear Methods, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - K Kacprzak
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ł Kapłon
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - H Karimi
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - D Kisielewska
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - K Klimaszewski
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - G Korcyl
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - P Kowalski
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - N Krawczyk
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - W Krzemień
- High Energy Department, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - T Kozik
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - E Kubicz
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - S Niedźwiecki
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - S Parzych
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Pawlik-Niedźwiecka
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - L Raczyński
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - J Raj
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - S Sharma
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - S Choudhary
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - R Y Shopa
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - A Sienkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - M Silarski
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Skurzok
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati CP 13, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - E Ł Stępień
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - F Tayefi
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - W Wiślicki
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
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22
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Moskal P, Kowalski P, Shopa RY, Raczyński L, Baran J, Chug N, Curceanu C, Czerwiński E, Dadgar M, Dulski K, Gajos A, Hiesmayr BC, Kacprzak K, Kapłon Ł, Kisielewska D, Klimaszewski K, Kopka P, Korcyl G, Krawczyk N, Krzemień W, Kubicz E, Niedźwiecki S, Parzych S, Raj J, Sharma S, Shivani S, Stępień E, Tayefi F, Wiślicki W. Simulating NEMA characteristics of the modular total-body J-PET scanner-an economic total-body PET from plastic scintillators. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 34289460 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac16bd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the presented research is estimation of the performance characteristics of the economic total-body Jagiellonian-PET system (TB-J-PET) constructed from plastic scintillators. The characteristics are estimated according to the NEMA NU-2-2018 standards utilizing the GATE package. The simulated detector consists of 24 modules, each built out of 32 plastic scintillator strips (each with cross section of 6 mm times 30 mm and length of 140 or 200 cm) arranged in two layers in regular 24-sided polygon circumscribing a circle with the diameter of 78.6 cm. For the TB-J-PET with an axial field-of-view (AFOV) of 200 cm, a spatial resolutions (SRs) of 3.7 mm (transversal) and 4.9 mm (axial) are achieved. The noise equivalent count rate (NECR) peak of 630 kcps is expected at 30 kBq cc-1. Activity concentration and the sensitivity at the center amounts to 38 cps kBq-1. The scatter fraction (SF) is estimated to 36.2 %. The values of SF and SR are comparable to those obtained for the state-of-the-art clinical PET scanners and the first total-body tomographs: uExplorer and PennPET. With respect to the standard PET systems with AFOV in the range from 16 to 26 cm, the TB-J-PET is characterized by an increase in NECR approximately by factor of 4 and by the increase of the whole-body sensitivity by factor of 12.6 to 38. The time-of-flight resolution for the TB-J-PET is expected to be at the level of CRT = 240 ps full width at half maximum. For the TB-J-PET with an AFOV of 140 cm, an image quality of the reconstructed images of a NEMA IEC phantom was presented with a contrast recovery coefficient and a background variability parameters. The increase of the whole-body sensitivity and NECR estimated for the TB-J-PET with respect to current commercial PET systems makes the TB-J-PET a promising cost-effective solution for the broad clinical applications of total-body PET scanners. TB-J-PET may constitute an economic alternative for the crystal TB-PET scanners, since plastic scintillators are much cheaper than BGO or LYSO crystals and axial arrangement of the strips significantly reduces the costs of readout electronics and SiPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moskal
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - P Kowalski
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - R Y Shopa
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - L Raczyński
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - J Baran
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Cracow, Poland
| | - N Chug
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - C Curceanu
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - E Czerwiński
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - M Dadgar
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - K Dulski
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - A Gajos
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - B C Hiesmayr
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - K Kacprzak
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Ł Kapłon
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - D Kisielewska
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - K Klimaszewski
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - P Kopka
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - G Korcyl
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - N Krawczyk
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - W Krzemień
- High Energy Physics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - E Kubicz
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Sz Niedźwiecki
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Sz Parzych
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - J Raj
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - S Sharma
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - S Shivani
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - E Stępień
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - F Tayefi
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.,Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - W Wiślicki
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Otwock-Świerk, Poland
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23
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Positron annihilation localization by nanoscale magnetization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20262. [PMID: 33219274 PMCID: PMC7680104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In positron emission tomography (PET), the finite range over which positrons travel before annihilating with an electron places a fundamental physical limit on the spatial resolution of PET images. After annihilation, the photon pair detected by the PET instrumentation is emitted from a location that is different from the positron-emitting source, resulting in image blurring. Here, we report on the localization of positron range, and hence annihilation quanta, by strong nanoscale magnetization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in PET-MRI. We found that positron annihilations localize within a region of interest by up to 60% more when SPIONs are present (with [Fe] = 3 mM) compared to when they are not. The resulting full width at half maximum of the PET scans showed the spatial resolution improved by up to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\approx$$\end{document}≈ 30%. We also found evidence suggesting that the radiolabeled SPIONs produced up to a six-fold increase in ortho-positronium. These results may also have implications for emerging cancer theranostic strategies, where charged particles are used as therapeutic as well as diagnostic agents and improved dose localization within a tumor is a determinant of better treatment outcomes.
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24
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Moskal P, Stępień EŁ. Prospects and Clinical Perspectives of Total-Body PET Imaging Using Plastic Scintillators. PET Clin 2020; 15:439-452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Sensitivity of Discrete Symmetry Tests in the Positronium System with the J-PET Detector. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12081268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Study of certain angular correlations in the three-photon annihilations of the triplet state of positronium, the electron–positron bound state, may be used as a probe of potential CP and CPT-violating effects in the leptonic sector. We present the perspectives of CP and CPT tests using this process recorded with a novel detection system for photons in the positron annihilation energy range, the Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomography (J-PET). We demonstrate the capability of this system to register three-photon annihilations with an unprecedented range of kinematical configurations and to measure the CPT-odd correlation between positronium spin and annihilation plane orientation with a precision improved by at least an order of magnitude with respect to present results. We also discuss the means to control and reduce detector asymmetries in order to allow J-PET to set the first measurement of the correlation between positronium spin and momentum of the most energetic annihilation photon which has never been studied to date.
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