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Moskal P, Czerwiński E, Raj J, Bass SD, Beyene EY, Chug N, Coussat A, Curceanu C, Dadgar M, Das M, Dulski K, Gajos A, Gorgol M, Hiesmayr BC, Jasińska B, Kacprzak K, Kaplanoglu T, Kapłon Ł, Klimaszewski K, Konieczka P, Korcyl G, Kozik T, Krzemień W, Kumar D, Moyo S, Mryka W, Niedźwiecki S, Parzych S, Del Río EP, Raczyński L, Sharma S, Choudhary S, Shopa RY, Silarski M, Skurzok M, Stępień EŁ, Tanty P, Ardebili FT, Ardebili KT, Eliyan KV, Wiślicki W. Discrete symmetries tested at 10 -4 precision using linear polarization of photons from positronium annihilations. Nat Commun 2024; 15:78. [PMID: 38167270 PMCID: PMC10761870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Discrete symmetries play an important role in particle physics with violation of CP connected to the matter-antimatter imbalance in the Universe. We report the most precise test of P, T and CP invariance in decays of ortho-positronium, performed with methodology involving polarization of photons from these decays. Positronium, the simplest bound state of an electron and positron, is of recent interest with discrepancies reported between measured hyperfine energy structure and theory at the level of 10-4 signaling a need for better understanding of the positronium system at this level. We test discrete symmetries using photon polarizations determined via Compton scattering in the dedicated J-PET tomograph on an event-by-event basis and without the need to control the spin of the positronium with an external magnetic field, in contrast to previous experiments. Our result is consistent with QED expectations at the level of 0.0007 and one standard deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Moskal
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Eryk Czerwiński
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Juhi Raj
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Steven D Bass
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Kitzbühel Centre for Physics, Kitzbühel, Austria
| | - Ermias Y Beyene
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Neha Chug
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aurélien Coussat
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Meysam Dadgar
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Manish Das
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Dulski
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksander Gajos
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Gorgol
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Bożena Jasińska
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kacprzak
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tevfik Kaplanoglu
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kapłon
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Konrad Klimaszewski
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Paweł Konieczka
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Korcyl
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Institute of Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kozik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Krzemień
- High Energy Physics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Simbarashe Moyo
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wiktor Mryka
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Niedźwiecki
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Parzych
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elena Pérez Del Río
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lech Raczyński
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Sushil Sharma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Shivani Choudhary
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Roman Y Shopa
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
| | - Michał Silarski
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skurzok
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Ł Stępień
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Pooja Tanty
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Faranak Tayefi Ardebili
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Keyvan Tayefi Ardebili
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kavya Valsan Eliyan
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Centre for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wiślicki
- Department of Complex Systems, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock-Świerk, Poland
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Karimi H, Moskal P, Żak A, Stępień EŁ. 3D melanoma spheroid model for the development of positronium biomarkers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7648. [PMID: 37169794 PMCID: PMC10175546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It was recently demonstrated that newly invented positronium imaging may be used for improving cancer diagnostics by providing additional information about tissue pathology with respect to the standardized uptake value currently available in positron emission tomography (PET). Positronium imaging utilizes the properties of positronium atoms, which are built from the electrons and positrons produced in the body during PET examinations. We hypothesized that positronium imaging would be sensitive to the in vitro discrimination of tumor-like three-dimensional structures (spheroids) built of melanoma cell lines with different cancer activities and biological properties. The lifetime of ortho-positronium (o-Ps) was evaluated in melanoma spheroids from two cell lines (WM266-4 and WM115) differing in the stage of malignancy. Additionally, we considered parameters such as the cell number, spheroid size and melanoma malignancy to evaluate their relationship with the o-Ps lifetime. We demonstrate pilot results for o-Ps lifetime measurement in extracellular matrix-free spheroids. With the statistical significance of two standard deviations, we demonstrated that the higher the degree of malignancy and the rate of proliferation of neoplastic cells, the shorter the lifetime of ortho-positronium. In particular, we observed the following indications encouraging further research: (i) WM266-4 spheroids characterized by a higher proliferation rate and malignancy showed a shorter o-Ps lifetime than WM115 spheroids characterized by a lower growth rate. (ii) Both cell lines showed a decrease in the lifetime of o-Ps after spheroid generation on day 8 compared to day 4 in culture, and the mean o-Ps lifetime was longer for spheroids formed from WM115 cells than for those formed from WM266-4 cells, regardless of spheroid age. The results of this study revealed that positronium is a promising biomarker that may be applied in PET diagnostics for the assessment of the degree of cancer malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Karimi
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11 Street, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Paweł Moskal
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Żak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Ł Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11 Street, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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