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Zhang D, Zhang S, He Z, Chen Y. Cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides alleviate radiation-induced kidney injury in cervical cancer by inhibiting DNA damage and oxidative stress through blockade of PARP1/XRCC1 axis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:679. [PMID: 37773127 PMCID: PMC10541701 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy can cause kidney injury in patients with cervical cancer. This study aims to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms by which CpG-ODNs (Cytosine phosphate guanine-oligodeoxynucleotides) regulate the PARP1 (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1)/XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing 1) signaling axis and its impact on radiation kidney injury (RKI) in cervical cancer radiotherapy. METHODS The GSE90627 dataset related to cervical cancer RKI was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Bioinformatics databases and R software packages were used to analyze the target genes regulated by CpG-ODNs. A mouse model of RKI was established by subjecting C57BL/6JNifdc mice to X-ray irradiation. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were measured using an automated biochemical analyzer. Renal tissue morphology was observed through HE staining, while TUNEL staining was performed to detect apoptosis in renal tubular cells. ELISA was conducted to measure levels of oxidative stress-related factors in mouse serum and cell supernatant. An in vitro cell model of RKI was established using X-ray irradiation on HK-2 cells for mechanism validation. RT-qPCR was performed to determine the relative expression of PARP1 mRNA. Cell proliferation activity was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, and Caspase 3 activity was measured in HK-2 cells. Immunofluorescence was used to determine γH2AX expression. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the downstream targets regulated by CpG-ODNs in cervical cancer RKI were primarily PARP1 and XRCC1. CpG-ODNs may alleviate RKI by inhibiting DNA damage and oxidative stress levels. This resulted in significantly decreased levels of BUN and creatinine in RKI mice, as well as reduced renal tubular and glomerular damage, lower apoptosis rate, decreased DNA damage index (8-OHdG), and increased levels of antioxidant factors associated with oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx). Among the CpG-ODNs, CpG-ODN2006 had a more pronounced effect. CpG-ODNs mediated the inhibition of PARP1, thereby suppressing DNA damage and oxidative stress response in vitro in HK-2 cells. Additionally, PARP1 promoted the formation of the PARP1 and XRCC1 complex by recruiting XRCC1, which in turn facilitated DNA damage and oxidative stress response in renal tubular cells. Overexpression of either PARP1 or XRCC1 reversed the inhibitory effects of CpG-ODN2006 on DNA damage and oxidative stress in the HK-2 cell model and RKI mouse model. CONCLUSION CpG-ODNs may mitigate cervical cancer RKI by blocking the activation of the PARP1/XRCC1 signaling axis, inhibiting DNA damage and oxidative stress response in renal tubule epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Shitai Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Zheng He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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Wang S, Zhou Q, Tian Y, Hu X. The Lung Microbiota Affects Pulmonary Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by PM 2.5 Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12368-12379. [PMID: 35984995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure causes respiratory diseases by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the correlation between the pulmonary microbiota and the progression of pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress caused by PM2.5 is poorly understood. This study tested the hypothesis that the lung microbiota affects pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress induced by PM2.5 exposure. Mice were exposed to PM2.5 intranasally for 12 days. Then, pulmonary microbiota transfer and antibiotic intervention were performed. Histological examinations, biomarker index detection, and transcriptome analyses were conducted. Characterization of the pulmonary microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that its diversity decreased by 75.2% in PM2.5-exposed mice, with increased abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased abundance of Bacteroidota. The altered composition of the microbiota was significantly correlated with pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress-related indicators. Intranasal transfer of the pulmonary microbiota from PM2.5-exposed mice affected pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress caused by PM2.5, as shown by increased proinflammatory cytokine levels and dysregulated oxidative damage-related biomarkers. Antibiotic intervention during PM2.5 exposure alleviated pulmonary inflammation and oxidative damage in mice. The pulmonary microbiota also showed substantial changes after antibiotic treatment, as reflected by the increased microbiota diversity, decreased abundance of Proteobacteria and increased abundance of Bacteroidota. These results suggest that pulmonary microbial dysbiosis can promote and affect pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress during PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yingze Tian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis of Radiation Pneumonitis Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081457. [PMID: 35892659 PMCID: PMC9331247 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), especially radiation pneumonitis (RP), is a common clinical complication associated with thoracic radiotherapy for malignant tumors. However, the specific contributions of each cell subtype to this process are unknown. Here, we provide the single-cell pathology landscape of the RP in a mouse model by unbiased single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq). We found a decline of type 2 alveolar cells in the RP lung tissue, with an expansion of macrophages, especially the Fabp4low and Spp1high subgroup, while Fabp4high macrophages were almost depleted. We observed an elevated expression of multiple mitochondrial genes in the RP group, indicating a type 2 alveolar cell (AT2) response to oxidative stress. We also calculated the enrichment of a cGAS-STING signaling pathway, which may be involved in regulating inflammatory responses and cancer progression in AT2 cells of PR mice. We delineate markers and transcriptional states, identify a type 2 alveolar cell, and uncover fundamental determinants of lung fibrosis and inflammatory response in RP lung tissue of mice.
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Park K, Dhupal M, Kim CS, Jung SH, Choi D, Qi XF, Kim SK, Lee JY. Ameliorating effect of CpG-ODN (oligodeoxynucleotide) against radiation-induced lung injury in mice. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:733-741. [PMID: 32914274 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00871-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is known to be progressed by Th2 skewed, pro-inflammatory immune response, there have been few therapeutic attempts through Th1 immune modulation. We investigated whether the immunostimulant CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) would be effective against RILI by way of measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxides (NO), histopathology, micro-three-dimensional computer tomography (CT), and cytokine profiling. We found that KSK CpG-ODN (K-CpG) significantly reduced histopathological fibrosis when compared to the positive control (PC) group (p < 0.01). The levels of ROS production in serum and splenocyte of PC group were significantly higher than that of K-CpG group (p < 0.01). The production of nitric oxide (NO) in CpG-ODNs group was higher than that of PC group. Last, cytokine profiling illustrated that the protein concentrations of Th1-type cytokines such as IL-12 and TNF-α as well as Th2-type cytokine IL-5 in K-CpG group inclined to be significantly (p < 0.001 or p < 0.01) higher than those of in PC group. Collectively, our study clearly indicates that K-CpG is effective against RILI in mice by modulating the innate immune response. To our knowledge, this is the first note on anti-RILI effect of human type, K-CpG, clinically implying the potential of immunotherapy for RILI control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawngwoo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Madhusmita Dhupal
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Su Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Hee Jung
- Department of Pathology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Deahan Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xu-Feng Qi
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education and Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Ji Nan University School of Life Science and Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Genomic Cohort, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Yong Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea.
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Gao J, Li X, Gao L, Chen H, Baras BH, Liu X, Liu H, Rana A, Gao M, Ruan J. Effects of applying amoxicillin in juvenile mice on enamel mineralization and the expression of kallikrein‑related peptidase 4 and tight junction proteins in ameloblasts. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:179-190. [PMID: 32626909 PMCID: PMC7255463 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amoxicillin is a common pediatric drug. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of amoxicillin in enamel hypomineralization has not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of amoxicillin on enamel mineralization, the morphology of ameloblasts, as well as the expression of kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4), and the tight junction proteins, claudin 1 (CLDN1), claudin 4 (CLDN4) and occludin (OCLN), in ameloblasts of juvenile mice. A total of 36 3-day-old Kunming mice were randomly divided into three groups. The mice were administered 0, 50 or 100 mg/kg amoxicillin by intragastric administration for 19 days. The surface morphology and calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P) and carbon contents of mandibular incisors and first molars were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Histological changes in the ameloblasts of mandibular incisors were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The KLK4, CLDN1, CLDN4 and OCLN expression levels of ameloblasts were observed by immunohistochemical staining. The incidence of white patches in the incisor was 100% in the 100 mg/kg amoxicillin-treated groups. A greater number of enamel defects were observed in the incisal/occlusal half of mandibular incisors/molars compared with in the cervical half in the amoxicillin-treated groups. Following phosphoric-acid treatment, the enamel rod and interrod were aligned in a disorderly manner in the amoxicillin-treated groups. Amoxicillin decreased the Ca/P ratio in the enamel of mandibular incisors and molars. More intercellular spaces among maturation ameloblasts were observed in the amoxicillin-treated groups. Amoxicillin decreased KLK4 and CLDN1, CLDN4 and OCLN expression in mature ameloblasts. The administration of amoxicillin in juvenile mice induced enamel hypomineralization, and the effects of amoxicillin on enamel hypomineralization may be mediated via multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xinmei Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Liping Gao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Bashayer H Baras
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Ayesha Rana
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Meili Gao
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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Farzipour S, Amiri FT, Mihandoust E, Shaki F, Noaparast Z, Ghasemi A, Hosseinimehr SJ. Radioprotective effect of diethylcarbamazine on radiation-induced acute lung injury and oxidative stress in mice. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2019; 52:39-46. [PMID: 31853753 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-019-09820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the radioprotective effect of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) against oxidative stress and acute lung injury induced by total body radiation (TBI) in mice. For study the optimum dose for radiation protection of DEC, mice were administrated with three dose of DEC (10, 50 and 100 mg/kg), once daily for eight consecutive days. Animals were exposed whole body to 5 Gy X-radiation on the 9 day. The radioprotective potential of DEC in lung tissues was assessed using oxidative stress examinations at 24 h after TBI and histopathological assay also was analyzed one week after TBI. Results from biochemical analyses demonstrated increased malonyldialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and protein carbonyl (PC) levels of lung tissues in only irradiated group. Histopathologic findings also showed an increase in the number of inflammatory cells and the acute lung injury in this group. DEC pretreatment significantly mitigated the oxidative stress biomarkers as well as histological damages in irradiated mice. The favorable radioprotective effect against lungs injury was observed at a dose of 10 mg/kg of DEC in mice as compared with two other doses (50 and 100 mg/kg). The data of this study showed that DEC at a dose of 10 mg/kg with having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties can be used as a therapeutic candidate for protecting the lung from radiation-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Farzipour
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical, Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Mihandoust
- Department of Radiotherapy, Imam Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaki
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zohreh Noaparast
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical, Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Arash Ghasemi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical, Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Wang G, Liu ZJ, Liu X, Liu FG, Li Y, Weng YB, Zhou JX. A study on the protective effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-induced mucosal immunity against lung injury in a mouse acute respiratory distress syndrome model. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20118-20127. [PMID: 30953359 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the feasibility of using oligodeoxynucleotides with unmethylated cytosine-guanine dinucleotide sequences (CpG ODN) as an immunity protection strategy for a mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This is a prospective laboratory animal investigation. Twenty-week-old BALB/c mice in Animal research laboratory were randomized into groups. An ARDS model was induced in mice using lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). CpG ODN was intranasally and transrectally immunized before or after the 3rd and 7th days of establishing the ARDS model. Mice were euthanized on Day 7 after the second immunization. Then, retroorbital bleeding was carried out and the chest was rapidly opened to collect the trachea and tissues from both lungs for testing. CpG ODN significantly improved the pathologic impairment in mice lung, especially after the intranasal administration of 50 μg. This resulted in the least severe lung tissue injury. Furthermore, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 concentrations were lower, which was second to mice treated with the rectal administration of 20 µg CpG ODN. In contrast, the nasal and rectal administration of CpG ODN in BALB/c mice before LPS immunization did not appear to exhibit any significant protective effects. The intranasal administration of CpG ODN may be a potential treatment approach to ARDS. More studies are needed to further determine the protective mechanism of CpG ODN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zong-Jian Liu
- Center Laboratory, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Center Laboratory, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Ge Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Bing Weng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Xin Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhou J, Wu P, Sun H, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Xiao Z. Lung tissue extracellular matrix-derived hydrogels protect against radiation-induced lung injury by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2377-2388. [PMID: 31490023 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether lung tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels have protective effects on radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). The cytocompatibility and histocompatibility were tested for the obtained ECM-derived hydrogel. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 18): control group (control); rats receiving irradiation and intratracheal injection of normal saline (IR + NS); and rats receiving irradiation and intratracheal injection of lung ECM-derived hydrogel (IR + ECM). The wet/dry weight ratio was used to evaluate the congestion and edema of the lungs. Histopathological analysis of lung tissues was performed using hemotoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot analyses were carried out to determine the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in lung tissues (E-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA], and vimentin). In addition, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), hydroxyproline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were also evaluated. The ECM-derived hydrogels had good cytocompatibility and histocompatibility. ECM-derived hydrogel treatment improved lung histopathology injury and pulmonary edema. Higher expression of E-cadherin and lower expression of vimentin and α-SMA were found in the IR + ECM group compared with those in the IR + NS group. Hydroxyproline levels were reduced by ECM-derived hydrogel treatment compared with those in the IR + NS group. Obvious increases of TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β1 were identified following irradiation. Marked reductions in MDA content and increases in SOD were induced by ECM-derived hydrogel treatment in rats after radiation. ECM-derived hydrogels were shown to protect against RILI, potentially by reducing EMT, inflammation, and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Science City Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Department of Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaolei Zhang
- Central Laboratory, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenliang Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent pathway is one of the most integral pathways linked to cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. This pathway is dysregulated in a variety of diseases, including neoplasia, immune-mediated diseases, and fibroproliferative diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis. The mTOR kinase is frequently referred to as the master regulator of this pathway. Alterations in mTOR signaling are closely associated with dysregulation of autophagy, inflammation, and cell growth and survival, leading to the development of lung fibrosis. Inhibitors of mTOR have been widely studied in cancer therapy, as they may sensitize cancer cells to radiation therapy. Studies also suggest that mTOR inhibitors are promising modulators of fibroproliferative diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF). Therefore, mTOR represents an attractive and unique therapeutic target in pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the pathological role of mTOR kinase in pulmonary fibrosis and examine how mTOR inhibitors may mitigate fibrotic progression.
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Chen J, Tian X, Mei Z, Wang Y, Yao Y, Zhang S, Li X, Wang H, Zhang J, Xie C. The effect of the TLR9 ligand CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide on the protective immune response to radiation-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Mol Immunol 2016; 80:33-40. [PMID: 27825048 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) is not only reported to protect against airway hyper responsiveness but is also known as a potent vaccine adjuvant for anti-tumor therapy. Little is known about the effect of CpG-ODN in mice with radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF), a common late stage form of tissue damage that occurs after thorax radiotherapy (RT). Here, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of CpG-ODN on the development of RILF. Mice were divided into four groups: (1) RT, single dose of 12Gy to the whole thorax; (2) CpG, only intraperitoneal injection of CpG-ODN for total 5 weeks; (3) RT+CpG, irradiation plus CpG-ODN treatment before and after irradiation for total 5 weeks; and (4) control (CTL): No RT or CpG-ODN treatment. In this study, we found that CpG-ODN treatment attenuated lung fibrosis and collagen deposition by increasing the number of M1 macrophagocytes, levels of Type-2 cytokines and TGF-β. CpG-ODN administration up-regulated the expression of TLR9 and STAT1 phosphorylation and reversed the expression of Type-2 immune response key transcription factor GATA-3. Activation of the JAK-STAT1 signaling pathway further enhanced M1 macrophage differentiation and Type-1 cytokine production. This study reveals the mitigating effect of early exposure to CpG-ODN on lung injury caused by irradiation in mice. The potential mechanism of action may be related to enhancement of Type-1 immunity. In conclusion, CpG-ODN may be a potential therapeutic target to treat RILF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Zijie Mei
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Yacheng Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Ye Yao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China.
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