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Echeverría-Garcés G, Ramos-Medina MJ, Vargas R, Cabrera-Andrade A, Altamirano-Colina A, Freire MP, Montalvo-Guerrero J, Rivera-Orellana S, Echeverría-Espinoza P, Quiñones LA, López-Cortés A. Gastric cancer actionable genomic alterations across diverse populations worldwide and pharmacogenomics strategies based on precision oncology. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1373007. [PMID: 38756376 PMCID: PMC11096557 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1373007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the Global Cancer Statistics (GLOBOCAN) reported an age standardized global incidence rate of 9.2 per 100,000 individuals for gastric cancer in 2022, with a mortality rate of 6.1. Despite considerable progress in precision oncology through the efforts of international consortia, understanding the genomic features and their influence on the effectiveness of anti-cancer treatments across diverse ethnic groups remains essential. Methods: Our study aimed to address this need by conducting integrated in silico analyses to identify actionable genomic alterations in gastric cancer driver genes, assess their impact using deleteriousness scores, and determine allele frequencies across nine global populations: European Finnish, European non-Finnish, Latino, East Asian, South Asian, African, Middle Eastern, Ashkenazi Jewish, and Amish. Furthermore, our goal was to prioritize targeted therapeutic strategies based on pharmacogenomics clinical guidelines, in silico drug prescriptions, and clinical trial data. Results: Our comprehensive analysis examined 275,634 variants within 60 gastric cancer driver genes from 730,947 exome sequences and 76,215 whole-genome sequences from unrelated individuals, identifying 13,542 annotated and predicted oncogenic variants. We prioritized the most prevalent and deleterious oncogenic variants for subsequent pharmacogenomics testing. Additionally, we discovered actionable genomic alterations in the ARID1A, ATM, BCOR, ERBB2, ERBB3, CDKN2A, KIT, PIK3CA, PTEN, NTRK3, TP53, and CDKN2A genes that could enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies, as suggested by in silico drug prescription analyses, reviews of current pharmacogenomics clinical guidelines, and evaluations of phase III and IV clinical trials targeting gastric cancer driver proteins. Discussion: These findings underline the urgency of consolidating efforts to devise effective prevention measures, invest in genomic profiling for underrepresented populations, and ensure the inclusion of ethnic minorities in future clinical trials and cancer research in developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Echeverría-Garcés
- Centro de Referencia Nacional de Genómica, Secuenciación y Bioinformática, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública “Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez”, Quito, Ecuador
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Santiago, Chile
| | - María José Ramos-Medina
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Molecular Biology, Galileo University, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Alejandro Cabrera-Andrade
- Escuela de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - María Paula Freire
- Cancer Research Group (CRG), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | - Luis A. Quiñones
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology (DOBC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés López-Cortés
- Cancer Research Group (CRG), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
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Barreyro FJ, Maiorana F, Caronia MV, Elizondo K, Schneider A, Zapata PD. Association between genetic polymorphisms of NOD1, Interleukin-1B, and cagA strain with low-grade duodenal eosinophilia in Helicobacter pylori-related dyspepsia. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e13002. [PMID: 37350445 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a multifactorial disorder. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-related dyspepsia (HpD) may be considered a separate entity. Duodenal eosinophilia is a potential pathogenic mechanism in FD. However, the impact of duodenal eosinophilia and host genetic polymorphism of innate and pro-inflammatory cascade, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD-1), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in HpD was not explored. AIM To evaluate the association of NOD1-796G>A and IL-1B-511C>T gene variants and low-grade duodenal eosinophilia in HpD. METHODS A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 253 patients who met Rome-IV criteria were selected before upper endoscopy and 98 patients were included after unremarkable upper endoscopy and positive H. pylori in gastric biopsies were assessed. Clinical parameters, H. pylori cagA and duodenal histology, were evaluated. RESULTS Sixty-four (65%) patients had epigastric pain syndrome (EPS), 24 (25%) postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), and 10 (10%) EPS/PDS overlap. FD subtypes were not associated with NOD1-796G>A and IL-1B-511C>T gene variants. Low-grade duodenal eosinophilia was significantly increased in NOD1-796 GG versus single A-allele, but not in IL-1B-511 single T-allele or CC-allele. This association is dependent of cagA infection, since harboring cagA strain was significantly associated with low-grade duodenal eosinophilia with isolated variants NOD1-796 GG and IL-1B-511 single T-allele, but not without cagA. When we performed combined polymorphism analysis with NOD1-796 GG/IL-1B-511 single T-allele, a synergistic effect on low-grade duodenal eosinophilia was found between these two loci irrespective of cagA strain status in HpD. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that low-grade duodenal eosinophilia is significantly associated with NOD1-796 GG allele specially in cagA strain and with allelic combination NOD1-796 GG/IL-1B-511 single T-allele independent of cagA strain infection in HpD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Javier Barreyro
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular (BIOTECMOL)., Instituto de Biotecnología de Misiones "Dra. Maria Ebbe Reca" (InBioMis). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Maiorana
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular (BIOTECMOL)., Instituto de Biotecnología de Misiones "Dra. Maria Ebbe Reca" (InBioMis). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Maria Virginia Caronia
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular (BIOTECMOL)., Instituto de Biotecnología de Misiones "Dra. Maria Ebbe Reca" (InBioMis). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Karina Elizondo
- Instituto Universitario en Ciencias de la Salud, Fundación HA Barceló, Santo Tomé, Argentina
| | - Adolfo Schneider
- Instituto Universitario en Ciencias de la Salud, Fundación HA Barceló, Santo Tomé, Argentina
| | - Pedro Darío Zapata
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular (BIOTECMOL)., Instituto de Biotecnología de Misiones "Dra. Maria Ebbe Reca" (InBioMis). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kocaaga A, Cakmak Genc G, Karakas Celik S, Piskin İE, Calik M, Dursun A. Association of NOD1 and NOD2 Polymorphisms With Susceptibility to Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis. J Child Neurol 2022; 38:38-43. [PMID: 36544356 DOI: 10.1177/08830738221144081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is a late complication of measles infection. However, to date, the pathogenesis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is still not explained; both viral and host factors seem to be associated. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between NOD1 and NOD2 gene variants and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Methods: The gene variants of NOD1 (rs2075820 and rs2075818) and NOD2 (R334Q and R334W) were explored in 64 subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patients and 70 controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The frequencies of the AA genotype and A allele of rs2075820 (NOD1; c.796G>A) polymorphism were lower in patients compared with controls (P = .022 and .014, respectively). The presence of the A allele of rs2075820 may be considered as a protective factor for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. There was a significant difference between the groups in rs2075818 (NOD1 G/C) polymorphism, and the CC genotype increased the risk of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis by 3.471-fold. The carriers of the C allele of rs2075818 (G/C) had a 1.855-fold susceptibility to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (P = .018). The GC genotype might be associated with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis susceptibility in the patients compared with patients without having that haplotype (P = .03). Conclusions: Thus, we identified an association between subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and the rs2075820 (NOD1 G/A) and rs2075818 (NOD1 G/C) polymorphisms. These findings implicate a possible effect of this genetic polymorphism in susceptibility to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, which needs to be confirmed in bigger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayça Kocaaga
- Department of Medical Genetics, Health Ministery Eskisehir City Hospital, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Gunes Cakmak Genc
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Health Practice and Research Center, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Sevim Karakas Celik
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Health Practice and Research Center, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - İbrahim E Piskin
- Department of Pediatrics, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Health Practice and Research Center, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Calik
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Harran Univercity School of Medicine, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Dursun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Health Practice and Research Center, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Induction and Regulation of the Innate Immune Response in Helicobacter pylori Infection. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1347-1363. [PMID: 35124288 PMCID: PMC8933844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The intestinal type of GC progresses from acute to chronic gastritis, multifocal atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma. Infection of the stomach by Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium that infects approximately 50% of the world's population, is the causal determinant that initiates the gastric inflammation and then disease progression. In this context, the induction of the innate immune response of gastric epithelial cells and myeloid cells by H. pylori effectors plays a critical role in the outcome of the infection. However, only 1% to 3% of infected patients develop gastric adenocarcinoma, emphasizing that other mechanisms regulate the localized non-specific response, including the gastric microbiota and genetic factors. This review summarizes studies describing the factors that induce and regulate the mucosal innate immune response during H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Landeros N, Corvalan AH, Musleh M, Quiñones LA, Varela NM, Gonzalez-Hormazabal P. Novel Risk Associations between microRNA Polymorphisms and Gastric Cancer in a Chilean Population. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010467. [PMID: 35008894 PMCID: PMC8745138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths in the world, with variations across geographical regions and ethnicities. Emerging evidence indicates that miRNA expression is dysregulated in GC and its polymorphisms may contribute to these variations, which has yet to be explored in Latin American populations. In a case-control study of 310 GC patients and 311 healthy donors from Chile, we assessed the association of 279 polymorphisms in 242 miRNA genes. Two novel polymorphisms were found to be associated with GC: rs4822739:C>G (miR-548j) and rs701213:T>C (miR-4427). Additionally, rs1553867776:T>TCCCCA (miR-4274) and rs12416605:C>T (miR-938) were associated with intestinal-type GC, and rs4822739:C>G (miR-548j) and rs1439619:T>G (miR-3175) with TNM I-II stage. The polymorphisms rs6149511:T> TGAAGGGCTCCA (miR-6891), rs404337:G>A (miR-8084), and rs1439619:T>G (miR-3175) were identified among H.pylori-infected GC patients and rs7500280:T>C (miR-4719) and rs1439619:T>G (miR-3175) were found among H. pylori cagPAI+ infected GC cases. Prediction analysis suggests that seven polymorphisms could alter the secondary structure of the miRNA, and the other one is located in the seed region of miR-938. Targets of miRNAs are enriched in GC pathways, suggesting a possible biological effect. In this study, we identified seven novel associations and replicated one previously described in Caucasian population. These findings contribute to the understanding of miRNA genetic polymorphisms in the GC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Landeros
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330034, Chile; (N.L.); (A.H.C.)
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330034, Chile
| | - Alejandro H. Corvalan
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330034, Chile; (N.L.); (A.H.C.)
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330034, Chile
| | - Maher Musleh
- Department of Surgery, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago 8380456, Chile;
| | - Luis A. Quiñones
- Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (L.A.Q.); (N.M.V.)
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Pharmacogenomic Clinical Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nelson M. Varela
- Department of Basic-Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (L.A.Q.); (N.M.V.)
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Pharmacogenomic Clinical Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricio Gonzalez-Hormazabal
- Human Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), School of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Correspondence:
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