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Leavenworth JD, Yusuf N, Hassan Q. K-Homology Type Splicing Regulatory Protein: Mechanism of Action in Cancer and Immune Disorders. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2024; 34:75-87. [PMID: 37824394 PMCID: PMC11003564 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023048085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
K homology-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) is emerging as a key player in cancer biology, and immunology. As a single-strand nucleic acid binding protein it functions in both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, while facilitating multiple stages of RNA metabolism to affect proliferation and control cell fate. However, it must interact with other proteins to determine the fate of its bound substrate. Here we provide an minireview of this important regulatory protein and describe its complex subcellular functions to affect RNA metabolism, stability, miRNA biogenesis and maturation, stress granule function, metastasis, and inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Leavenworth
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Quamarul Hassan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Gonzalez E, Ahmed AA, McCarthy L, Chastain K, Habeebu S, Zapata-Tarres M, Cardenas-Cardos R, Velasco-Hidalgo L, Corcuera-Delgado C, Rodriguez-Jurado R, García-Rodríguez L, Parrales A, Iwakuma T, Farooqi MS, Lee B, Weir SJ, Flatt TG. Perinucleolar Compartment (PNC) Prevalence as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Pediatric Ewing Sarcoma: A Multi-Institutional Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082230. [PMID: 37190159 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The perinucleolar compartment (PNC) is a small nuclear body that plays important role in tumorigenesis. PNC prevalence correlates with poor prognosis and cancer metastasis. Its expression in pediatric Ewing sarcoma (EWS) has not previously been documented. In this study, we analyzed 40 EWS tumor cases from Caucasian and Hispanic patients for PNC prevalence by immunohistochemical detection of polypyrimidine tract binding protein and correlated the prevalence with dysregulated microRNA profiles. EWS cases showed staining ranging from 0 to 100%, which were categorized as diffuse (≥77%, n = 9, high PNC) or not diffuse (<77%, n = 31) for low PNC. High PNC prevalence was significantly higher in Hispanic patients from the US (n = 6, p = 0.017) and in patients who relapsed with metastatic disease (n = 4; p = 0.011). High PNC was associated with significantly shorter disease-free survival and early recurrence compared to those with low PNC. Using NanoString digital profiling, high PNC tumors revealed upregulation of eight and downregulation of 18 microRNAs. Of these, miR-320d and miR-29c-3p had the most significant differential expression in tumors with high PNC. In conclusion, this is the first study that demonstrates the presence of PNC in EWS, reflecting its utility as a predictive biomarker associated with tumor metastasis, specific microRNA profile, Hispanic ethnic origin, and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04360, Mexico
| | - Atif A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Laura McCarthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Katherine Chastain
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Sahibu Habeebu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Marta Zapata-Tarres
- Research Coordination Mexican Institute of Social Security Foundation, Mexico City 06600, Mexico
| | - Rocio Cardenas-Cardos
- Departamento de Oncología Pediátrica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Liliana Velasco-Hidalgo
- Departamento de Oncología Pediátrica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Celso Corcuera-Delgado
- Departamento de Patología Pediátrica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Rodriguez-Jurado
- Departamento de Patología Pediátrica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Parrales
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Tomoo Iwakuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Midhat S Farooqi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Brian Lee
- Department of Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Scott J Weir
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
- Institute for Advancing Medical Innovation, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Terrie G Flatt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Rubio K, Dobersch S, Barreto G. Functional interactions between scaffold proteins, noncoding RNAs, and genome loci induce liquid-liquid phase separation as organizing principle for 3-dimensional nuclear architecture: implications in cancer. FASEB J 2019; 33:5814-5822. [PMID: 30742773 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802715r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic cell nucleus consists of functionally specialized subcompartments. These nuclear subcompartments are biomolecular aggregates built of proteins, transcripts, and specific genome loci. The structure and function of each nuclear subcompartment are defined by the composition and dynamic interaction between these 3 components. The spatio-temporal localization of biochemical reactions into membraneless nuclear subcompartments can be achieved through liquid-liquid phase separation. Based on this organizing principle, nuclear subcompartments are droplet-like structures that adopt spherical shapes, flow, and fuse like liquids or gels. In the present review, we bring into the spotlight seminal works elucidating the functional interactions between scaffold proteins, noncoding RNAs, and genomic loci, thereby inducing liquid-liquid phase separation as an organizing principle for 3-dimensional nuclear architecture. We also discuss the implications in different cancer types as well as the potential use of this knowledge to develop novel therapeutic strategies against cancer.-Rubio, K., Dobersch, S., Barreto, G. Functional interactions between scaffold proteins, noncoding RNAs, and genome loci induce liquid-liquid phase separation as organizing principle for 3-dimensional nuclear architecture: implications in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Rubio
- Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie Dobersch
- Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Laboratoire Croissance, Réparation, et Régénération Tissulaires (CRRET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Équipe de Recherche Labellisée (ERL) 9215, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation.,Excellence Cluster Cardio Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen-Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany.,German Center of Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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