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Nassisi M, Coarelli G, Blanchard B, Dubec-Fleury C, Drine K, Kitic N, Sancho S, Hilab R, Tezenas du Montcel S, Junge C, Lane R, Arnold HM, Durr A, Audo I. ATXN7-Related Cone-Rod Dystrophy: The Integrated Functional Evaluation of the Cerebellum (CERMOI) Study. JAMA Ophthalmol 2024; 142:301-308. [PMID: 38421662 PMCID: PMC10905377 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Importance Reliable biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic values are needed for upcoming gene therapy trials for spinocerebellar ataxias. Objective To identify ophthalmological biomarkers in a sample of spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) carriers. Design, Setting, and Participants This article presents baseline data from a cross-sectional natural history study conducted in Paris, France, reference centers for rare diseases from May 2020 to April 2021. Data were analyzed from September to December 2022. Fifteen adult ATXN7 pathogenic expansion carriers (9 with preataxia and 6 with ataxia) were included, all with a Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) score of 15 of 40 or lower. Patients were recruited at the Paris Brain Institute, and all contacted patients accepted to participate in the study. Main Outcomes and Measures Three visits (baseline, 6 months, and 12 months) were planned, including neurological examination (SARA and Composite Cerebellar Functional Severity Score), ophthalmological examination (best-corrected visual acuity, microperimetry, full-field electroretinogram, optical coherence tomography, and fundus autofluorescence imaging), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) measurements. Here we report the baseline ophthalmic data from the cohort and determine whether there is a correlation between disease scores and ophthalmic results. Results Among the 15 included SCA7 carriers (median [range] age, 38 [18-60] years; 8 women and 7 men), 12 displayed cone or cone-rod dystrophy, with the number of CAG repeats correlating with disease severity (ρ, 0.73, 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.90; P < .001). Two patients with cone-rod dystrophy exhibited higher repeat numbers and greater ataxia scores (median [range] SARA score, 9 [7-15]) compared to those with only cone dystrophy (median [range] SARA score, 2 [0-5]). A correlation emerged for outer nuclear layer thickness with SARA score (ρ, -0.88; 95% CI, -0.96 to -0.59; P < .001) and NfL levels (ρ, -0.87; 95% CI, -0.86 to 0.96; P < .001). Moreover, ataxia severity was correlated with visual acuity (ρ: 0.89; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.96; P < .001) and retinal sensitivity (ρ, -0.88; 95% CI, -0.96 to 0.59; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, retinal abnormalities were found at preataxic stages of the disease. Most of the carriers presented with cone dystrophy and preserved rod function. The outer nuclear layer thickness correlated with SARA score and plasma NfL levels suggesting nuclear layer thickness to be a biomarker of disease severity. These findings contribute to understanding the dynamics of SCA7-related retinal dystrophy and may help lay the groundwork for future therapeutic intervention monitoring and clinical trials. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04288128.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Nassisi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, National Rare Disease Center REFERET and Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Directorate General of Health Care Provision, Centres d’Investigations Cliniques 1423, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Coarelli
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Blanchard
- Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, National Rare Disease Center REFERET and Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Directorate General of Health Care Provision, Centres d’Investigations Cliniques 1423, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Dubec-Fleury
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Karima Drine
- Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, National Rare Disease Center REFERET and Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Directorate General of Health Care Provision, Centres d’Investigations Cliniques 1423, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Kitic
- Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, National Rare Disease Center REFERET and Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Directorate General of Health Care Provision, Centres d’Investigations Cliniques 1423, Paris, France
| | - Serge Sancho
- Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, National Rare Disease Center REFERET and Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Directorate General of Health Care Provision, Centres d’Investigations Cliniques 1423, Paris, France
| | - Rania Hilab
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Tezenas du Montcel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Roger Lane
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California
| | | | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier National d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, National Rare Disease Center REFERET and Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Directorate General of Health Care Provision, Centres d’Investigations Cliniques 1423, Paris, France
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Ciancimino C, Di Pippo M, Manco GA, Romano S, Ristori G, Scuderi G, Abdolrahimzadeh S. Multimodal Ophthalmic Imaging in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2169. [PMID: 38004309 PMCID: PMC10672172 DOI: 10.3390/life13112169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this case series and narrative literature review is to highlight the importance of multimodal imaging in the ophthalmological examination of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 and provide a summary of the most relevant imaging techniques. Three patients with SCA7 were included in this case series. A literature review revealed twenty-one publications regarding ocular manifestations of SCA7, and the most relevant aspects are summarized. The role of different imaging techniques in the follow-up of SCA7 patients is analyzed, including color vision testing, corneal endothelial topography, color fundus photography (CFP) and autofluorescence, near infrared reflectance imaging, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT), visual field examination, and electrophysiological tests. SDOCT provides a rapid and non-invasive imaging evaluation of disease progression over time. Additional examination including NIR imaging can provide further information on photoreceptor alteration and subtle disruption of the RPE, which are not evident with CFP at an early stage. Electrophysiological tests provide essential results on the state of cone and rod dystrophy, which could be paramount in guiding future genetic therapies. Multimodal imaging is a valuable addition to comprehensive ophthalmological examination in the diagnosis and management of patients with SCA7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ciancimino
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), St. Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.D.P.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Mariachiara Di Pippo
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), St. Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.D.P.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Gregorio Antonio Manco
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), St. Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.D.P.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Silvia Romano
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), St. Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), St. Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (G.R.)
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina, 306/354, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scuderi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), St. Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.D.P.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), St. Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.D.P.); (G.A.M.); (S.A.)
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3
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Tichanek F. Psychiatric-Like Impairments in Mouse Models of Spinocerebellar Ataxias. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:14-25. [PMID: 35000108 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) suffer from diverse neuropsychiatric issues, including memory impairments, apathy, depression, or anxiety. These neuropsychiatric aspects contribute per se to the reduced quality of life and worse prognosis. However, the extent to which SCA-related neuropathology directly contributes to these issues remains largely unclear. Behavioral profiling of various SCA mouse models can bring new insight into this question. This paper aims to synthesize recent findings from behavioral studies of SCA patients and mouse models. The role of SCA neuropathology for shaping psychiatric-like impairments may be exemplified in mouse models of SCA1. These mice evince robust cognitive impairments which are shaped by both the cerebellar as well as out-of-cerebellar pathology. Although emotional-related alternations are also present, they seem to be less robust and more affected by the specific distribution and character of the neuropathology. For example, cerebellar-specific pathology seems to provoke behavioral disinhibition, leading to seemingly decreased anxiety, whereas complex SCA1 neuropathology induces anxiety-like phenotype. In SCA1 mice with complex neuropathology, some of the psychiatric-like impairments are present even before marked cerebellar degeneration and ataxia and correlate with hippocampal atrophy. Similarly, complete or partial deletion of the implicated gene (Atxn1) leads to cognitive dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior, respectively, without apparent ataxia and cerebellar degeneration. Altogether, these findings collectively suggest that the neuropsychiatric issues have a biological basis partially independent of the cerebellum. As some neuropsychiatric issues may stem from weakening the function of the implicated gene, therapeutic reduction of its expression by molecular approaches may not necessarily mitigate the neuropsychiatric issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Tichanek
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 1655/76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic.
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Zhang S, Shen L, Jiao B. Cognitive Dysfunction in Repeat Expansion Diseases: A Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:841711. [PMID: 35478698 PMCID: PMC9036481 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.841711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of the sequencing technique, more than 40 repeat expansion diseases (REDs) have been identified during the past two decades. Moreover, the clinical features of these diseases show some commonality, and the nervous system, especially the cognitive function was affected in part by these diseases. However, the specific cognitive domains impaired in different diseases were inconsistent. Here, we survey literature on the cognitive consequences of the following disorders presenting cognitive dysfunction and summarizing the pathogenic genes, epidemiology, and different domains affected by these diseases. We found that the cognitive domains affected in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) were widespread including the executive function, memory, information processing speed, attention, visuospatial function, and language. Patients with C9ORF72-frontotemporal dementia (FTD) showed impairment in executive function, memory, language, and visuospatial function. While in Huntington's disease (HD), the executive function, memory, and information processing speed were affected, in the fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), executive function, memory, information processing speed, and attention were impaired. Moreover, the spinocerebellar ataxias showed broad damage in almost all the cognitive domains except for the relatively intact language ability. Some other diseases with relatively rare clinical data also indicated cognitive dysfunction, such as myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME), Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), Huntington disease like-2 (HDL2), and cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). We drew a cognitive function landscape of the related REDs that might provide an aspect for differential diagnosis through cognitive domains and effective non-specific interventions for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhe Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Jiao
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5
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Louis ED, Faust PL. Essential Tremor Within the Broader Context of Other Forms of Cerebellar Degeneration. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 19:879-896. [PMID: 32666285 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) has recently been reconceptualized by many as a degenerative disease of the cerebellum. Until now, though, there has been no attempt to frame it within the context of these diseases. Here, we compare the clinical and postmortem features of ET with other cerebellar degenerations, thereby placing it within the broader context of these diseases. Action tremor is the hallmark feature of ET. Although often underreported in the spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), action tremors occur, and it is noteworthy that in SCA12 and 15, they are highly prevalent, often severe, and can be the earliest disease manifestation, resulting in an initial diagnosis of ET in many cases. Intention tremor, sometimes referred to as "cerebellar tremor," is a common feature of ET and many SCAs. Other features of cerebellar dysfunction, gait ataxia and eye motion abnormalities, are seen to a mild degree in ET and more markedly in SCAs. Several SCAs (e.g., SCA5, 6, 14, and 15), like ET, follow a milder and more protracted disease course. In ET, numerous postmortem changes have been localized to the cerebellum and are largely confined to the cerebellar cortex, preserving the cerebellar nuclei. Purkinje cell loss is modest. Similarly, in SCA3, 12, and 15, Purkinje cell loss is limited, and in SCA12 and 15, there is preservation of cerebellar nuclei and relative sparing of other central nervous system regions. Both clinically and pathologically, there are numerous similarities and intersection points between ET and other disorders of cerebellar degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elan D Louis
- Department of Neurology and Therapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Phyllis L Faust
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Chiang HL, Fuh JL, Tsai YS, Soong BW, Liao YC, Lee YC. Expanding the phenotype of AFG3L2 mutations: Late-onset autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia. J Neurol Sci 2021; 428:117600. [PMID: 34333379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The AFG3L2 gene encodes AFG3-like protein 2, which is a subunit of human mitochondrial ATPases associated with various cellular protease activities (m-AAA). The clinical spectrum of AFG3L2 mutations is broad. Dominant AFG3L2 mutations can cause autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia type 28 (SCA28), whereas biallelic AFG3L2 mutations may lead to spastic ataxia 5 (SPAX5). However, the role of AFG3L2 mutations in autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia (SCAR) remains elusive. The aim of this study is to delineate the clinical features and spectrum of AFG3L2 mutations in a Taiwanese cohort with cerebellar ataxia. Mutational analyses of AFG3L2 were carried out by targeted resequencing in a cohort of 133 unrelated patients with molecularly undetermined cerebellar ataxia. We identified one single patient carrying compound heterozygous mutations in AFG3L2, p.[R632*];[V723M] (c.[1894C > T];[2167G > A]). The patient has suffered from apparently sporadic and slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, ptosis, and ophthalmoparesis since age 55 years. These findings expand the clinical spectrum of AFG3L2 mutations and suggest a new subtype of late-onset SCAR caused by biallelic AFG3L2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Lin Chiang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec.2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec.2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine. No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shuen Tsai
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Wen Soong
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec.2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.291, Zhongzheng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei 23561, Taiwan; Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec.2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine. No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec.2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine. No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Zou X, Yao F, Li F, Wu S, Li H, Sun Z, Zhu T, Wei X, Li D, Sui R. Clinical characterization and the improved molecular diagnosis of autosomal dominant cone-rod dystrophy in patients with SCA7. Mol Vis 2021; 27:221-232. [PMID: 34012225 PMCID: PMC8116265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the retinal phenotype and genetic features of Chinese patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7). Methods Detailed ophthalmic examinations, including electroretinograms, fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography, were performed to analyse the retinal lesions of patients with SCA7. A molecular genetic analysis was completed to confirm the number of CAG repeats in ATXN7 gene on the patients and their family members. Results Eight patients from three families with SCA7 were included in this study. Trinucleotide repeat was expanded from 43 to 113 in the affected patients. The affected patients were characterized by different degrees of cone-rod dystrophy, which is positively related to the number of CAG repeats and age. All patients complained of progressive bilateral visual loss, and most cases reported visual disturbance earlier than gait movement or dysarthria. A coarse granular appearance of the macular region on scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, hypofluorescence in the macula on autofluorescence, retinal atrophy on optic coherence tomography, depression of multifocal electroretinograms and prominent abnormalities in cone-mediated responses on electrograms are the general features of SCA7-related retinopathy. Hyperreflective dots in the outer retinal layers and choroidal vessel layers are a common sign in optic coherence tomography in the advanced stage. Conclusions SCA7 shows a cone-rod dystrophy phenotype. The multimodal imaging of the retina is beneficial to detect the early lesions of cone-rod dystrophy related to SCA7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengxia Yao
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengrong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shijing Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zixi Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifang Sui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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8
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Rodríguez-Labrada R, Martins AC, Magaña JJ, Vazquez-Mojena Y, Medrano-Montero J, Fernandez-Ruíz J, Cisneros B, Teive H, McFarland KN, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Cerecedo-Zapata CM, Gomez CM, Ashizawa T, Velázquez-Pérez L, Jardim LB. Founder Effects of Spinocerebellar Ataxias in the American Continents and the Caribbean. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 19:446-458. [PMID: 32086717 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) comprise a heterogeneous group of autosomal dominant disorders. The relative frequency of the different SCA subtypes varies broadly among different geographical and ethnic groups as result of genetic drifts. This review aims to provide an update regarding SCA founders in the American continents and the Caribbean as well as to discuss characteristics of these populations. Clusters of SCAs were detected in Eastern regions of Cuba for SCA2, in South Brazil for SCA3/MJD, and in Southeast regions of Mexico for SCA7. Prevalence rates were obtained and reached 154 (municipality of Báguano, Cuba), 166 (General Câmara, Brazil), and 423 (Tlaltetela, Mexico) patients/100,000 for SCA2, SCA3/MJD, and SCA7, respectively. In contrast, the scattered families with spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) reported all over North and South Americas have been associated to a common Native American ancestry that may have risen in East Asia and migrated to Americas 10,000 to 20,000 years ago. The comprehensive review showed that for each of these SCAs corresponded at least the development of one study group with a large production of scientific evidence often generalizable to all carriers of these conditions. Clusters of SCA populations in the American continents and the Caribbean provide unusual opportunity to gain insights into clinical and genetic characteristics of these disorders. Furthermore, the presence of large populations of patients living close to study centers can favor the development of meaningful clinical trials, which will impact on therapies and on quality of life of SCA carriers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Carolina Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-070, Brazil
| | - Jonathan J Magaña
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, National Rehabilitation Institute (INR-LGII), 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yaimeé Vazquez-Mojena
- Centre for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias, 80100, Holguín, Cuba
| | | | - Juan Fernandez-Ruíz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bulmaro Cisneros
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Helio Teive
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80240-440, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luiza Saraiva-Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-070, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - César M Cerecedo-Zapata
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, National Rehabilitation Institute (INR-LGII), 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
- Rehabilitation and Social Inclusion Center of Veracruz (CRIS-DIF), Xalapa, 91070, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Program of Neuroscience, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Luis Velázquez-Pérez
- Centre for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias, 80100, Holguín, Cuba.
- Cuban Academy of Sciences, 10100, La Havana, Cuba.
| | - Laura Bannach Jardim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-070, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
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9
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Bouzid FZ, Mansouri M, Abdelaziz C, Louhab N, Bernard S, Strubi-Vuillaume I, Dafir K, Aboussair N. Spinocerebellar ataxia Type 7: clinical and genetic study of a new Moroccan family (case report). Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:162. [PMID: 33995769 PMCID: PMC8077635 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.162.27262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. Its clinical presentation is a progressive cerebellar ataxia associated with cone and retinal dystrophy. The CAG repeat expansion in the ataxin-7 gene (ATXN7) causes spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 - a mutation that results in the degeneration of the brain stem cells, retina and cerebellum. We report in this study the clinical and genetic features of a new Moroccan family of SCA7, from the South of Morocco. We performed the molecular genetic testing to confirm the diagnosis of SCA7. The objective of this study is to report a new Moroccan case of SCA7 and to illustrate the role of the geneticist in the diagnosis, management and development of genetic counseling of SCA7 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahra Bouzid
- Genetics Department, Clinical Research Center, University Hospital Centre Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco.,School of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Maria Mansouri
- Genetics Department, Clinical Research Center, University Hospital Centre Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco
| | | | - Nisrine Louhab
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.,Neurology Department, University Hospital Centre Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Sablonniere Bernard
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pole, Department of Neurobiology Biology Pathology Center, Lille University Hospital, Lille, French
| | | | - Kenza Dafir
- Genetics Department, Clinical Research Center, University Hospital Centre Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco.,School of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Nisrine Aboussair
- Genetics Department, Clinical Research Center, University Hospital Centre Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Morocco.,School of Medicine and Pharmacy of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
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10
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Moro A, Moscovich M, Farah M, Camargo CHF, Teive HAG, Munhoz RP. Nonmotor symptoms in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2019; 6:12. [PMID: 31485334 PMCID: PMC6712685 DOI: 10.1186/s40673-019-0106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) have been increasingly recognized in a number of neurodegenerative diseases with a burden of disability that parallels or even surpasses that induced by motor symptoms. As NMS have often been poorly recognized and inadequately treated, much of the most recent developments in the investigation of these disorders has focused on the recognition and quantification of NMS, which will form the basis of improved clinical care for these complex cases. NMS have been only sparsely investigated in a limited number of spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), particularly SCA3, and have not been systematically reviewed for other forms of SCAs. The aim of the present study was to review the available literature on the presence of NMS among different types of SCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Moro
- 1Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, 50 Teixeira Soares Street, Batel, Curitiba, PR CEP 80240-440 Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Pequeno Príncipe College, Curitiba, PR Brazil
| | - Mariana Moscovich
- 3Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marina Farah
- 4Neurology Service, Hospital Universitário Cajurú, Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique F Camargo
- 5Neurological Diseases Group, Graduate Program of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR Brazil
| | - Hélio A G Teive
- 1Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, 50 Teixeira Soares Street, Batel, Curitiba, PR CEP 80240-440 Brazil.,5Neurological Diseases Group, Graduate Program of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR Brazil
| | - Renato P Munhoz
- 6Department of Medicine, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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