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Tekin B, Dundar S, Tekin S, Emine Sukuroglu E, Khurshid Z, Ezgi Y, Demirci F, Faheemuddin M. Effect of micro-arc oxidation coatings with graphene oxide and graphite on osseointegration of titanium implants-an in vivo study. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:591-595. [PMID: 38690378 PMCID: PMC11056396 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This in vivo study evaluated the effect of graphene oxide and graphite coatings, coupled with the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) surface roughening technique, known for their mechanical strength, chemical stability, and antibacterial properties. The main objective was to assess the degree of improvement in osseointegration of titanium implants resulting from these interventions. Materials and methods In this study, 32 female rats were utilized and randomly allocated into four groups (n = 8 each): machined surface titanium implants (control), those roughened by the MAO method, those coated with graphene oxide-doped MAO, and those with a graphite-doped MAO coating. Titanium implants were surgically placed in the right tibia of the rats. Rats undergoing no additional procedures during the 4-week experimental period were sacrificed at the end. Then, the implants and surrounding bone tissues were separated and embedded in acrylic blocks for reverse torque analysis. Using a digital torque device, the rotational force was applied to all samples using a hex driver and racquet until implant separation from the bone occurred, with the corresponding values recorded on the digital display. Then, statistical analysis was performed to analyze the data. Results No statistically significant difference between the groups was observed in the biomechanical bone-implant connection levels (N/cm) (P = 0.268). Post-hoc tests were not required because no discernible differences were identified between the groups. Conclusion Within the scope of this study, implants treated with the MAO method, along with those coated with graphene oxide- and graphite-doped MAO method, did not exhibit significant superiority in terms of osseointegration compared to machined surface titanium implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Tekin
- Firat University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Serkan Dundar
- Firat University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Samet Tekin
- Firat University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emine Sukuroglu
- Gumushane University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gumushane, Turkey
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- King Faisal University, Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuf Ezgi
- Batman University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Batman, Turkey
| | - Fatih Demirci
- Inonu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Faheemuddin
- King Faisal University, Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Romero Gavilán F, Cerqueira A, Anitua E, Muñoz F, García Arnáez I, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Gurruchaga M, Goñi I, Suay J, Tejero R. Enhancing the correlation between in vitro and in vivo experiments in dental implant osseointegration: investigating the role of Ca ions. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2831-2842. [PMID: 38412455 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02694a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This study delves into the osteogenic potential of a calcium-ion modified titanium implant surface, unicCa, employing state-of-the-art proteomics techniques both in vitro (utilizing osteoblasts and macrophage cell cultures) and in vivo (in a rabbit condyle model). When human osteoblasts (Hobs) were cultured on unicCa surfaces, they displayed a marked improvement in cell adhesion and differentiation compared to their unmodified counterparts. The proteomic analysis also revealed enrichment in functions associated with cell migration, adhesion, extracellular matrix organization, and proliferation. The analysis also underscored the involvement of key signalling pathways such as PI3K-Akt and mTOR. In the presence of macrophages, unicCa initially exhibited improvement in immune-related functions and calcium channel activities at the outset (1 day), gradually tapering off over time (3 days). Following a 5-day implantation in rabbits, unicCa demonstrated distinctive protein expression profiles compared to unmodified surfaces. The proteomic analysis highlighted shifts in adhesion, immune response, and bone healing-related proteins. unicCa appeared to influence the coagulation cascade and immune regulatory proteins within the implant site. In summary, this study provides a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the unicCa surface, drawing correlations between in vitro and in vivo results. It emphasizes the considerable potential of unicCa surfaces in enhancing osteogenic behavior and immunomodulation. These findings significantly contribute to our understanding of the intricate molecular mechanisms governing the interplay between biomaterials and bone cells, thereby facilitating the development of improved implant surfaces for applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Romero Gavilán
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Andreia Cerqueira
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Eduardo Anitua
- BTI Biotechnology Institute I + D, C/Leonardo da Vinci 14B, Miñano 01510, Spain
- University Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), C/Jacinto Quincoces, 39, Vitoria 01007, Spain.
- Private Practice in Oral Implantology, C/Jose Maria Cagigal, 19, Vitoria 01007, Spain
| | - Fernando Muñoz
- Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario, s/n, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Iñaki García Arnáez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco, P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Mariló Gurruchaga
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco, P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Isabel Goñi
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco, P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Julio Suay
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ricardo Tejero
- BTI Biotechnology Institute I + D, C/Leonardo da Vinci 14B, Miñano 01510, Spain
- University Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), C/Jacinto Quincoces, 39, Vitoria 01007, Spain.
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Lara C, Bezmalinovic A, García-Herrera C, Ríos S, Valenzuela LM, Martínez CE. Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) Obtained from Smokers and Nonsmokers Shows a Similar Uniaxial Tensile Response In Vitro. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3286. [PMID: 38137506 PMCID: PMC10741047 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated and compared the biomechanical properties of Leukocyte-and Platelet Rich Fibrin L-PRF clots and membranes derived from smoker and nonsmoker donors. Twenty venous-blood donors (aged 18 to 50 years) were included after signing informed consent forms. L-PRF clots were analyzed and then compressed to obtain L-PRF membranes. L-PRF clot and membrane samples were tested in quasi-static uniaxial tension and the stress-stretch response was registered and characterized. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope representative images were taken to see the fibrin structure from both groups. The analysis of stress-stretch curves allowed us to evaluate the statistical significance in differences between smoker and nonsmoker groups. L-PRF membranes showed a stiffer response and higher tensile strength when compared to L-PRF clots. However, no statistically significant differences were found between samples from smokers and nonsmokers. With the limitations of our in vitro study, we can suggest that the tensile properties of L-PRF clots and membranes from the blood of smokers and nonsmokers are similar. More studies are necessary to fully characterize the effect of smoking on the biomechanical behavior of this platelet concentrate, to further encourage its use as an alternative to promote wound healing in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Lara
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (C.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Alejandro Bezmalinovic
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (C.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Claudio García-Herrera
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (C.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Susana Ríos
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile;
| | - Loreto M. Valenzuela
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Research Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials “CIEN-UC”, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Constanza E. Martínez
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile;
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620086, Chile
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Önöral Ö, Kurtulmus-Yilmaz S, Toksoy D, Ozan O. Effect of angulation on the 3D trueness of conventional and digital implant impressions for multi-unit restorations. J Adv Prosthodont 2023; 15:290-301. [PMID: 38205122 PMCID: PMC10774637 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2023.15.6.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to determine the influence of implant angulation on the trueness of multi-unit implant impressions taken through different techniques and strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS As reference models, three partially edentulous mandibular models (Model 1: No angulation; Model 2: No angulation for #33, 15-degree distal angulation for #35 and #37; Model 3: No angulation for #33, 25-degree distal angulation for #35 and #37) were created by modifying the angulations of implant analogues. Using a lab scanner, these reference models were scanned. The obtained data were preserved and utilized as virtual references. Three intraoral scanning (IOS) strategies: IOS-Omnicam, ISO-Quadrant, and IOS-Consecutive, as well as two traaditional techniques: splinted open tray (OT) and closed tray (CT), were used to create impressions from each reference model. The best-fit alignment approach was used to sequentially superimpose the reference and test scan data. Computations and statistical analysis of angular (AD), linear (LD), and 3D deviations (RMS) were performed. RESULTS Model type, impression technique, as well as interaction factor, all demonstrated a significant influence on AD and LD values for all implant locations (P < .05). The Model 1 and SOT techniques displayed the lowest mean AD and LD values across all implant locations. When considering interaction factors, CT-Model 3 and SOT-Model 1 exhibited the highest and lowest mean AD and LD values, respectively. Model type, impression technique, and interaction factor all revealed significant effects on RMS values (P ≤ .001). CT-Model 3 and SOT-Model 1 presented the highest and lowest mean RMS values, respectively. CONCLUSION Splinted-OT and IOS-Omnicam are recommended for multi-unit implant impressions to enhance trueness, potentially benefiting subsequent manufacturing stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özay Önöral
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin10, Turkey
| | | | - Dilem Toksoy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin10, Turkey
| | - Oguz Ozan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin10, Turkey
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Saboia-Dantas CJ, Limirio PHJO, Costa MDMDA, Linhares CRB, Santana Silva MAF, Borges de Oliveira HAA, Dechichi P. Platelet-Rich Fibrin Progressive Protocol: Third Generation of Blood Concentrates. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 81:80-87. [PMID: 36209891 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been used in several fields of dentistry to improve tissue healing. However, PRF from glass tubes results in a limited number of small membranes, increasing clinical difficulty and work time. The aim of this study was to evaluate cell and platelet amounts and biomechanical strength of PRF-giant membranes produced from plastic tubes without additives. MATERIAL AND METHODS The investigators designed an ex vivo study, to compare 3 different centrifugation protocols for obtaining PRF: 700 × g/12 minutes (leukocyte and PRF [L-PRF]), 350 × g/14 minutes (GM350), and 60-700 × g more than 15 minutes total (progressive PRF [PRO-PRF]). We collected blood samples from 5 volunteers aged 25-54 years, over 3 different time periods (triplicate and paired study). From each venipuncture, 4 mL of blood was collected in vacutainers with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and approximately 104 mL in 12 plastic tubes without additives, which were separated into 3 groups, as per the centrifugation protocols (n = 5): L-PRF, GM350, and PRO-PRF. The PRF from the tubes of the same protocol was aspirated and 9 mL were placed in polylactic acid (PLA) forms and 3 mL were placed in a glass receptacle. The membranes from PLA forms were tested for tensile strength and the membranes from glass receptacles were evaluated by histomorphometry, while platelets and leukocytes were counted for those in tubes with EDTA. Statistical analyses were performed using Shapiro-Wilk normality test and then a one-way repeated measures analysis followed by Tukey multiple comparisons test (α < 0.05). RESULTS In tensile analyses, PRO-PRF (0.85 ± 0.23 N) showed a significantly higher maximum breaking strength than L-PRF (0.61 ± 0.26 N, P = .01) and GM350 (0.58 ± 0.23 N, P < .01). The histomorphometry revealed no significant statistical difference in cell counts between the groups (P = .52). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the leukocyte (P = .25) and platelet counts (P = .59) in whole blood between the groups. CONCLUSION The progressive protocol (PRO-PRF) enabled the production of PRF giant membranes with greater tensile strength and adequate cell distribution. Moreover, it allows biomaterial incorporation during production and enables clinical control of membrane thickness and size as per the surgical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos José Saboia-Dantas
- Tissue Repair Research Laboratory, Brain Storm Academy, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila Rodrigues Borges Linhares
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Biomedical Science Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Adelia Faleiro Santana Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Biomedical Science Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Dechichi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Biomedical Science Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Marinho E, de Almeida Viana G, de Barros Silva P, Alves A, Mota M, de Sousa Alves R, Sousa F. Mechanical properties of platelet-rich fibrin from patients on warfarin. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022:S0901-5027(22)00448-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Simões-Pedro M, Tróia PMBPS, dos Santos NBM, Completo AMG, Castilho RM, de Oliveira Fernandes GV. Tensile Strength Essay Comparing Three Different Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membranes (L-PRF, A-PRF, and A-PRF+): A Mechanical and Structural In Vitro Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071392. [PMID: 35406263 PMCID: PMC9002533 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Predictable outcomes intended by the application of PRF (platelet-rich fibrin) derivative membranes have created a lack of consideration for their consistency and functional integrity. This study aimed to compare the mechanical properties through tensile strength and analyze the structural organization among the membranes produced by L-PRF (leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin), A-PRF (advanced platelet-rich fibrin), and A-PRF+ (advanced platelet-rich fibrin plus) (original protocols) that varied in centrifugation speed and time. L-PRF (n = 12), A-PRF (n = 19), and A-PRF+ (n = 13) membranes were submitted to a traction test, evaluating the maximum and average traction. For maximum traction, 0.0020, 0.0022, and 0.0010 N·mm−2 were obtained for A-PRF, A-PRF+, and L-PRF, respectively; regarding the average resistance to traction, 0.0012, 0.0015, and 0.006 N·mm−2 were obtained, respectively (A-PRF+ > A-PRF > L-PRF). For all groups studied, significant results were found. In the surface morphology observations through SEM, the L-PRF matrix showed a highly compact surface with thick fibers present within interfibrous areas with the apparent destruction of red blood cells and leukocytes. The A-PRF protocol showed a dense matrix composed of thin and elongated fibers that seemed to follow a preferential and orientated direction in which the platelets were well-adhered. Porosity was also evident with a large diameter of the interfibrous spaces whereas A-PRF+ was the most porous platelet concentrate with the greatest fiber abundance and cell preservation. Thus, this study concluded that A-PRF+ produced membranes with significant and higher maximum traction results, indicating a better viscoelastic strength when stretched by two opposing forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Simões-Pedro
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3515-320 Viseu, Portugal; (M.S.-P.); (P.M.B.P.S.T.); (N.B.M.d.S.)
| | - Pedro Maria B. P. S. Tróia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3515-320 Viseu, Portugal; (M.S.-P.); (P.M.B.P.S.T.); (N.B.M.d.S.)
| | - Nuno Bernardo Malta dos Santos
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3515-320 Viseu, Portugal; (M.S.-P.); (P.M.B.P.S.T.); (N.B.M.d.S.)
| | - António M. G. Completo
- Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, TEMA—University of Aveiro, 3810-549 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Rogerio Moraes Castilho
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA;
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Qian B, Yang Q, Wang M, Huang S, Jiang C, Shi H, Long Q, Zhou M, Zhao Q, Ye X. Encapsulation of lyophilized platelet-rich fibrin in alginate-hyaluronic acid hydrogel as a novel vascularized substitution for myocardial infarction. Bioact Mater 2021; 7:401-411. [PMID: 34466741 PMCID: PMC8379365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction (MI) are among the major causes of death worldwide. Although intramyocardial injection of hydrogels can effectively enhance the ventricular wall, this approach is limited because of its restriction to the poor vascularization in the infarcted myocardium. Here, we reported a new type of hydrogel composed of alginate (ALG) and hyaluronic acid (HA) with lyophilized platelet-rich fibrin (Ly-PRF) for releasing abundant growth factors to realize their respective functions. The results of in vitro studies demonstrated favorable mechanical property and release ability of ALG-HA with Ly-PRF. When injected into the infarcted myocardium, this composite hydrogel preserved heart function and the Ly-PRF within the hydrogel promoted angiogenesis and increased vascular density in both infarcted and border zone, which rescued the ischemic myocardium. These beneficial effects were also accompanied by macrophage polarization and regulation of myocardial fibrosis. Moreover, the autologous origin of Ly-PRF with ALG-HA hydrogel offers myriad advantages including safety profile, easiness to obtain and cost-effectiveness. Overall, this study demonstrated the versatile therapeutic effects of a novel composite hydrogel ALG-HA with Ly-PRF, which optimizes a promising vascularized substitution strategy for improving cardiac function after MI.
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Key Words
- ALG, alginate
- BZ, border zone
- Drug delivery
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- IZ, infarcted zone
- Injectable hydrogel
- LVEDd, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter
- LVEF, left ventricular ejection fractions
- LVESd, left ventricular end-systolic diameter
- LVFS, left ventricular fractional shortening
- Ly-PRF, lyophilized platelet-rich fibrin
- Lyophilized platelet-rich fibrin
- MI, myocardial infarction
- Myocardial infarction
- PET-CT, positron emission tomography-computerized tomography
- PRF, platelet-rich fibrin
- PRP, platelet rich plasma
- SUV, standardized uptake value
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling
- Vascularization
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China
| | - Shixing Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongpeng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qiang Long
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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