Beneficial effects of a novel shark-skin collagen dressing for the promotion of seawater immersion wound healing

A multifunctional chitosan composite aerogel based on high density amidation for chronic wound healing

The management of chronic wounds remains a challenging clinical problem worldwide, mainly because of secondary infections, excessive oxidative stress, and blocked angiogenesis. Aerogel is a novel material with high porosity and specific surface area that allows gas exchange and rapid absorption of a large amount of exudate as well as loading bioactive molecules. Therefore, functional aerogel can be an ideal material for chronic wound treatment. The multifunctional aerogel (CG-DA-VEGF) was prepared by a simple and eco-friendly freeze-drying process combined with harmless EDC/NHS as crosslinking agents using chitosan and dopamine-grafted gelatin as raw materials. The physicochemical characterization revealed that the CG-DA-VEGF aerogel had excellent water absorption, water retention, and mechanical properties, and could release VEGF continuously and stably. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the CG-DA-VEGF aerogel exhibited effective antioxidant and antibacterial properties, as well as superb cytocompatibility. In vivo experiments further confirmed that the CG-DA-VEGF aerogel could significantly improve angiogenesis and re-epithelialization, and promote collagen deposition, thus accelerating wound healing with excellent biosafety. These results suggest that the as-prepared CG-DA-VEGF aerogel may be adopted as a promising multifunctional graft for the treatment of chronic wounds.

Anti-atopic dermatitis effect of fish collagen on house dust mite-induced mice and HaCaT keratinocytes

Collagen, a major structural protein in mammalian tissues, is effective against skin wounds and osteoarthritis. Although bovine and porcine collagens have mainly been used, several potential risks of mammalian collagen have led to the use of fish collagen (FC) as an alternative. FC and its peptides are used as common cosmeceutical products because of their antihypertensive, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant activities. Despite the effects of FC on wrinkle reduction, UV-protection, and wound healing, the relationship between FC and atopic dermatitis (AD) has not yet been reported. Therefore, we investigated the anti-AD effects of FC against house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae, HDM)-induced AD in NC/Nga mice and TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes. FC alleviated AD apparent symptoms, such as dermatitis score, transepidermal water loss, epidermal thickness, and mast cell infiltration upon declining pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, IL-6, IL-5, IL-13, TSLP, and TNF-α. The skin barrier protein, filaggrin, was also recovered by FC administration in vivo and in vitro. Immune response and skin barrier dysfunction are both mitigated by three routes of FC administration: oral, topical, and both routes via the regulation of IκB, MAPKs, and STATs pathways. In summary, FC could be a potential therapeutic agent for AD by regulating immune balance and skin barrier function.

Protective Effect of Moderate Hypotonic Fluid on Organ Dysfunction via Alleviating Lethal Triad Following Seawater Immersion With Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats

Previous studies found that seawater immersion combined with hemorrhagic shock (SIHS) induced serious organ function disorder, and lethal triad was a critical sign. There were no effective treatments of SIHS. Fluid resuscitation was the initial measurement for early aid following hemorrhagic shock, while the proper fluid for SIHS is not clear. Effects of different osmotic pressures [lactated Ringer’s (LR) solution, 0.3% saline, 0.6% saline, and 0.9% normal saline] on the lethal triad, mitochondrial function, vital organ functions, and survival were observed following SIHS in rats. The results showed that SIHS led to an obvious lethal triad, which presented the decrease of the body temperature, acidosis, and coagulation functions disorder in rats. Fluid resuscitation with different osmotic pressures recovered the body temperature and corrected acidosis with different levels; effects of 0.6% normal saline were the best; especially for the coagulation function, 0.6% normal saline alleviated the lethal triad significantly. Further studies showed that SIHS resulted in the damage of the mitochondrial function of vital organs, the increase of the vascular permeability, and, at the same time, the organ function including cardiac, liver, and kidney was disordered. Conventional fluid such as LR or 0.9% normal saline could not improve the mitochondrial function and vascular leakage and alleviate the damage of the organ function. While moderate hypotonic fluid, the 0.6% normal saline, could lighten organ function damage via protecting mitochondrial function. The 0.6% normal saline increased the left ventricular fractional shortening and the left ventricular ejection fraction, and decreased the levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine in the blood. The effects of fluids with different osmotic pressures on the mean arterial pressure (MAP) had a similar trend as above parameters. The survival results showed that the 0.6% normal saline group improved the survival rate and prolonged the survival time, the 72 h survival rate was 7/16, as compared with the LR group (3/16). The results indicate that appropriate hypotonic fluid is suitable after SIHS, which alleviates the lethal triad, protects the mitochondrial function and organ functions, and prolongs the survival time.

Investigating the Impact of Collagen-Chitosan Derived from Scomberomorus Guttatus and Shrimp Skin on Second-Degree Burn in Rats Model

BACKGROUND

The present study focused on burning as one of the main causes of mortality with detrimental economic and social effects in the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of collagen-chitosan gel extracted from Scomberomorus guttatus and shrimp skin in the treatment of second degree burn healing among rats.

MATERIALS & METHOD

To fulfill the purpose of the study, chitosan and collagen were extracted respectively from shrimp and Scomberomorus guttatus skin waste by the acid-based method and were evaluated by using Pico Tag, SDS-PAGE. The burn wound healing efficiency of marine collagen-chitosan gel was examined in vivo using rats. Three different ratios of collagen and chitosan blend (Col-CH, 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1) were prepared to obtain the most effective Col-CH gel for burn wound healing and were compared to the animals treated with silver sulfadiazine ointment. Healing burn wound was studied by measuring wound surface area with Image J and histopathologic examination was carried out based on the mean of epithelialization, fibroblastic cells, acute and chronic inflammatory cells, angiogenesis, structure collagen and the amount of collagen on days 15 and 25 post-burn.

RESULTS

The results of SDS-PAGE indicated that the extracted collagen was type I and it was composed of two α (α1 and α2) chains. Amino acid analysis showed a much higher glaycin content in extracted collagen which amounted to one-third of the total amino. The wound surface measurement showed a significant reduction in wound size in the group treated with Col-CH (3:1) compared to silver-sulfadiazine treated group on 15th and 25th days. Histopathological findings represented a high score in epithelialization, collagen, collagen structure, fibroblast cell and a decrease in inflammatory cells infiltration in Col-CH (3:1) treated group on 25th day. The most obvious finding of the present study is that chitosan-collagen gel (3:1) represented a better efficacy compared to sulfadiazine in burn wound healing on day 25 post-burn.

Functional roles of fish collagen peptides on bone regeneration

Fish collagen peptides (FCP) derived from the skin, bones and scales are commercially used as a functional food or dietary supplement for hypertension and diabetes. However, there is limited evidence on the effects of FCP on the osteoblast function in contrast to evidence of the effects on wound healing, diabetes and bone regeneration, which have been obtained from animal studies. In this narrative review, we expound on the availability of FCP by basic research using osteoblasts. Low-concentration FCP upregulates the expression of osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and collagen modifying enzyme-related genes. Furthermore, it could accelerate matrix mineralization. FCP may have potential utility as a biomaterial to improve collagen quality and promote mineralization through the mitogen-activated protein kinase and Smad cascades. However, there are few clinical studies on bone regeneration in human subjects. It is desirable to be applied clinically through clinical study as soon as possible, based on the results from basic research.

Application of marine collagen for stem-cell-based therapy and tissue regeneration (Review)

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is becoming an important component in modern biological scientific research. Tissue engineering, a branch of regenerative medicine, is a field that is actively developing to meet the challenges presented in biomedical applications. This particularly applies to the research area of stem cells and biomaterials, due to both being pivotal determinants for the successful restoration or regeneration of damaged tissues and organs. Recently, the development of innovative marine collagen-based biomaterials has attracted attention due to the reported environmentally friendly properties, the lack of zoonotic disease transmission, biocompatibility, bioactivity, the lack of ethics-related concerns and cost-effectiveness for manufacturing. The present review aimed to summarize the potential application and function of marine collagen in stem cell research in a medical and clinical setting. In addition, the present review cited recent studies regarding the latest research advances into using marine collagen for cartilage, bone, periodontal and corneal regeneration. It also characterized the distinct advantages of using marine collagen for stem cell-based tissue repair and regeneration. In addition, the present review comprehensively discussed the most up to date information on stem cell biology, particularly the possibility of treating stem cells with marine collagen to maximize their multi-directional differentiation capability, which highlights the potential use of marine collagen in regenerative medicine. Furthermore, recent research progress on the potential immunomodulatory capacity of mesenchymal stem cells following treatment with marine collagen to improve the understanding of cell-matrix interactions was investigated. Finally, perspectives on the possible future research directions for the application of marine collagen in the area of regenerative medicine are provided.

Collagen from Marine Sources and Skin Wound Healing in Animal Experimental Studies: a Systematic Review

Collagen (Col) from marine organisms has been emerging as an important alternative for commercial Col and it has been considered highly attractive by the industry. Despite the positive effects of Col from marine origin, there is still limited understanding of the effects of this natural biomaterial in the process of wound healing in animal studies. In this context, the purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to examine the effects of Col from different marine species in the process of skin tissue healing using experimental models of skin wound. The search was carried out according to the orientations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), and the descriptors of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were defined: "marine collagen," "spongin," "spongin," "skin," and "wound." A total of 42 articles were retrieved from the databases PubMed and Scopus. After the eligibility analyses, this review covers the different marine sources of Col reported in 10 different papers from the beginning of 2011 through the middle of 2019. The results were based mainly on histological analysis and it demonstrated that Col-based treatment resulted in a higher deposition of granulation tissue, stimulation of re-epitalization and neoangiogenesis and increased amount of Col of the wound, culminating in a more mature morphological aspect. In conclusion, this review demonstrates that marine Col from different species presented positive effects on the process of wound skin healing in experimental models used, demonstrating the huge potential of this biomaterial for tissue engineering proposals.

Wound healing center establishment and new technology application in improving the wound healing quality in China

Wound healing, tissue repair and regenerative medicine are in great demand, and great achievements in these fields have been made. In recent years, many of these successes have benefitted patients, especially in the field of chronic skin wounds. However, perfect tissue repair and regeneration of damaged tissues and organs are still great challenges in the management of trauma and diseases. In this paper, the main achievements in wound healing, tissue repair and regeneration in China are reviewed and the establishment of wound healing centers and new technology application in improving wound healing quality in patients in China is highlighted.

Effect of Oral Administration of Active Peptides of Pinctada Martensii on the Repair of Skin Wounds

Skin wound healing, especially chronic wound healing, is a common challenging clinical problem. It is urgent to broaden the sources of bioactive substances that can safely and efficiently promote skin wound healing. This study aimed to observe the effects of active peptides (APs) of the mantle of Pinctada martensii on wound healing. After physicochemical analysis of amino acids and mass spectrometry of APs, the effect of APs on promoting healing was studied through a whole cortex wound model on the back of mice for 18 consecutive days. The results showed that APs consisted of polypeptides with molecular weights in the range 302.17–2936.43 Da. The content of polypeptides containing 2–15 amino acids accounted for 73.87%, and the hydrophobic amino acids accounted for 56.51%. Results of in vitro experimentation showed that mice in APs-L group which were fed a low dose of APs (0.5 g/kg bw) had a shortened epithelialization time due to a shortening inflammatory period (p < 0.05). Mechanistically, this relied on its specific ability to promote the proliferation of CD31, FGF and EGF which accelerated the percentage of wound closure. Moreover, the APs-L group mice had enhanced collagen synthesis and increased type III collagen content in their wounds through a TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway (p > 0.05). Consequently, scar formation was inhibited and wound healing efficiency was significantly improved. These results show that the APs of Pinctada martensii promote dermal wound healing in mice and have tremendous potential for development and utilization in skin wound healing.

Hyaluronic acid hydrogel loaded by adipose stem cells enhances wound healing by modulating IL-1β, TGF-β1, and bFGF in burn wound model in rat

Application of hydrogels can be an effective technique in transferring the adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to injured tissue and their protection from further complications. Besides, acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has successfully been used in treatment of wounds. In this study, a combination of hylauronic acid (HA) and ASCs (HA/ASCs) was applied on burn wounds and the injured area was then covered by an ADM dressing in a rat model (ADM-HA/ASCs). Wound healing was evaluated by histopathological, histomorphometrical, molecular, biochemical, and scanning electron microscopy assessments on days 7, 14, and 28 post-wounding. ADM-HA/ASCs stimulated healing significantly more than the ADM-HA and ADM treated wounds, as it led to reduced inflammation, and improved angiogenesis and enhanced granulation tissue formation. Expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was lower in the ADM-HA/ASCs treated wounds than the ADM-HA and ADM groups, at the seventh post-wounding day. ADM-HA/ASCs also enhanced the expression level of TGF-β1 mRNA at 14 day post-wounding that was parallel to the experimental data from histological and biochemical assessments and confirmed the positive role of ASCs in repair of burn wounds. Additionally, increase in basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression and decreased TGF-β1 level on the 28th post-wounding day indicated the anti-scarring activity of ASCs. HA loaded by adipose stem cells can represent a promising strategy in accelerating burn wound healing.