Evaluation of dry feeding and liquid feeding to lactating sows under high temperature environment

Mycotoxin Removal by Lactobacillus spp. and Their Application in Animal Liquid Feed

The removal of mycotoxins from contaminated feed using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been proposed as an inexpensive, safe, and promising mycotoxin decontamination strategy. In this study, viable and heat-inactivated L. acidophilus CIP 76.13T and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CIP 101027T cells were investigated for their ability to remove aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), and deoxynivalenol (DON) from MRS medium and PBS buffer over a 24 h period at 37 °C. LAB decontamination activity was also assessed in a ZEA-contaminated liquid feed (LF). Residual mycotoxin concentrations were determined by UHPLC-FLD/DAD analysis. In PBS, viable L. acidophilus CIP 76.13T and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CIP 101027T cells removed up to 57% and 30% of ZEA and DON, respectively, while AFB₁ and OTA reductions were lower than 15%. In MRS, 28% and 33% of ZEA and AFB₁ were removed, respectively; OTA and DON reductions were small (≤15%). Regardless of the medium, heat-inactivated cells produced significantly lower mycotoxin reductions than those obtained with viable cells. An adsorption mechanism was suggested to explain the reductions in AFB₁ and OTA, while biodegradation could be responsible for the removal of ZEA and DON. Both viable LAB strains reduced ZEA by 23% in contaminated LF after 48 h of incubation. These findings suggest that LAB strains of L. acidophilus CIP 76.13T and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CIP 101027T may be applied in the feed industry to reduce mycotoxin contamination.

Effects of Dietary Lysine Levels on Production Performance and Milk Composition of High-Producing Sows during Lactation

Modern genotype sows require enhanced nutrition because of their larger body size and higher reproductive performance than 20 years ago. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary Lys on the lactating of primiparous sows and the second lactating period to minimize sow body weight (BW) loss and maximize the survival rate of piglets and litter gain. A total of 160 primiparous Yorkshire sows were randomly allotted to one of four experimental lactation diets. Formulated to contain 0.84%, 0.94%, 1.04%, and 1.14% standardized ileal digestibility (SID) Lys and balanced in Met, Thr, Trp, and Val. No dietary effects were found on sow body weight (BW) and backfat thickness (BF) change and feed intake during lactation. However, the Lys intake (p = 0.04) of lactation increased linearly with increasing dietary Lys levels. In addition, 1.14% Lys for primiparous sow and 0.94% Lys for second parity sow during lactation increased the survival rate (p = 0.04), weight (p = 0.04), and ADG of piglets at d 21 (p = 0.03). The dietary Lys level did not affect colostrum compositions. However, the dry matter (p = 0.04) and protein (p = 0.03) in milk increased linearly with the increase in dietary Lys levels, whereas moisture decreased linearly (p = 0.05). The level of plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) also increased at d 21 of weaning (p = 0.04). These results indicate that high-yielding lactating sows required 1.14% SID Lys during parity 1, and 0.94% SID Lys during parity 2 to maximize the survival rate of piglets and litter gain, respectively. Moreover, the effects of dietary amino acid (AA) on the production performance of weaning pigs could be mediated through milk composition change.

Night feeding in lactating sows is an essential management approach to decrease the detrimental impacts of heat stress

The present study investigated the litter performance of multiparous sows had different feeding frequencies during summer season. A total of 60 crossbred multiparous sows was allotted to one of two treatments based on body weight (BW) according to a completely randomized design. Two different feeding frequencies based on NRC (National Research Council) were applied as conventional feeding (T1; 2 kg per meal at 06:00, 11:00, and 17:00) and night feeding (T2; 1.5 kg per meal at 06:00, 11:00, 17:00, and 2 kg at 22:00). Sows in T2 treatment had lower (p < 0.05) BW changes during lactation. The backfat thickness change of sows was decreased in T2 treatment during lactation (p < 0.05). The daily feed intake differed significantly between T1 and T2 with increased feed intake of the T2 group at 5.47 kg/d to 5.14 kg/d in the T1 group (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in total weight of weaned piglets between T1 (70.50 kg) and T2 (74.34 kg). A greater total litter weight gain was observed in sows in T2 treatment. Night feeding is suggested for lactating sows with significant beneficial effects on litter growth during summer season.