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Meesing A, Khamsai S, Sawanyawisuth K, Tiamkao S, Maleewong W, Limpawattana P, Sawunyavisuth B, Ngamjarus C, Boonsawat W. Transmission sources and severe rat lung worm diseases in travelers: a scoping review. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2023; 9:2. [PMID: 36759878 PMCID: PMC9912548 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-022-00184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rat lung worm disease (RLWD) has several clinical forms including eosinophilic meningitis (EOM) and two severe forms, eosinophilic meningoencephalitis (EOME) and eosinophilic radiculomyelitis (EORM). It remains unclear whether transmission sources are associated with severe forms of RLWD. This study aimed to evaluate if transmission factors are related to the severity of RLWD among travelers by using a scoping review of case reports. METHODS This was a review using five databases to retrieve case reports and case series of travelers with RLWD. Clinical data and transmission sources of reported cases diagnosed as RLWD were retrieved. The outcome of the study was occurrence of severe forms of RLWD defined as EOME, EORM, and combined EOME/EORM. RESULTS We retrieved 1,326 articles from five databases and 31 articles were included in the analysis. There were 84 cases eligible from 15 countries. Four cases were excluded. Seventy cases were in EOM group and 10 cases had EOME or EORM. Compared with the EOM group, the EOME, EORM, and combination EOME/EORM group had similar age, sex, and risk factors of consumptions of apple snails, shrimp and prawn, and salad/vegetables. The EOME group had higher proportion of consumption of African snails than the EOM group (60% vs 13.8%). However, only one study reported the consumption of African snails and the heterogeneity between studies and the small sample size impeded direct comparisons between groups. CONCLUSIONS RLWD in travelers can be found in most continents and mostly get infected from endemic countries of RLWD. Further studies are required to evaluate the association between transmission vectors and severity of RLWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atibordee Meesing
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitraparp Road, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - Sittichai Khamsai
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitraparp Road, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 40002.
| | - Kittisak Sawanyawisuth
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitraparp Road, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 40002.
| | - Somsak Tiamkao
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitraparp Road, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - Panita Limpawattana
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitraparp Road, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - Bundit Sawunyavisuth
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Marketing, Faculty of Business Administration and Accountancy, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - Chetta Ngamjarus
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
| | - Watchara Boonsawat
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitraparp Road, Khon Kaen, Thailand 40002
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Sikorska K, Gesing M, Olszański R, Roszko-Wysokińska A, Szostakowska B, Van Damme-Ostapowicz K. Misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: a case report. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2022; 8:18. [PMID: 35909173 PMCID: PMC9341103 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-022-00175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmaniasis is a widespread disease in tropical and subtropical countries, except for Australia and Oceania. In Poland, tourists, migrants and travellers from leishmaniasis-endemic countries may carry Leishmania. Case presentation We present a case of undiagnosed cutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient who received many weeks of inadequate antibiotic treatment. Ulceration in the right submandibular region was thought to be a purulent complication after laser surgery. Six weeks before the ulcer developed, the patient had visited the jungle (Guatemala). Cutaneous leishmaniasis was finally diagnosed after nine months based on a proper history and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Treatment with antimony derivatives was administered. After three months, the ulcer healed but left a scar. Conclusion A lack of knowledge about tropical diseases among doctors and an incomplete medical history were the reasons for many weeks of erroneous treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with antibiotics. This is the first reported case of cutaneous leishmaniasis misdiagnosed as a complication after an aesthetic medical procedure.
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Turck HC, Fox MT, Cowie RH. Paratenic hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and their relation to human neuroangiostrongyliasis globally. One Health 2022; 15:100426. [PMID: 36277113 PMCID: PMC9582568 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The nematode parasite Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) has a complex life cycle involving rats (definitive hosts) and gastropods (intermediate hosts), as well as various paratenic hosts. Humans become infected and develop rat lungworm disease (neuroangiostrongyliasis) when they consume intermediate or paratenic hosts containing the infective parasite larvae. This study synthesizes knowledge of paratenic hosts of A. cantonensis and investigates their role in causing human neuroangiostrongyliasis worldwide. A literature review was conducted by searching PubMed, JSTOR and Scopus, pooling additional information from sources accumulated over many years by RHC, and snowball searching. The review identified 138 relevant articles published between 1962 and 2022. Freshwater prawns/shrimp, crayfish, crabs, flatworms, fish, sea snakes, frogs, toads, newts, lizards, centipedes, cattle, pigs and snails were reported to act as paratenic hosts in various regions including South and Southeast Asia, Pacific islands, the USA and the Caribbean, as well as experimentally. Human cases of neuroangiostrongyliasis have been reported from the 1960s onwards, linked, sometimes speculatively, to consumption of freshwater prawns/shrimp, crabs, flatworms, fish, frogs, toads, lizards and centipedes. The potential of paratenic hosts to cause neuroangiostrongyliasis depends on whether they are eaten, how frequently they are consumed, the preparation method, including whether eaten raw or undercooked, and whether they are consumed intentionally or accidentally. It also depends on infection prevalence in the host populations and probably on how high the parasite load is in the consumed hosts. To prevent human infections, it is crucial to interrupt the transmission of rat lungworm to humans, from both intermediate hosts and frequently consumed paratenic hosts, by adhering to safe food preparation protocols. Educating the general public and the medical community about this largely neglected tropical/subtropical disease is key. Neuroangiostrongyliasis, an emerging parasitic disease of humans and wildlife. Caused by the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm). Infection primarily via ingestion of stage 3 larvae of the parasite. People eat raw intermediate or paratenic hosts infected with stage 3 larvae. Comprehensive review of paratenic hosts’ role in neuroangiostrongyliasis globally.
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Jacob J, Steel A, Lin Z, Berger F, Zöeller K, Jarvi S. Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Albendazole and Other Benzimidazole Anthelmintics for Rat Lungworm Disease (Neuroangiostrongyliasis): A Systematic Analysis of Clinical Reports and Animal Studies. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 74:1293-1302. [PMID: 34448480 PMCID: PMC8994584 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of benzimidazole anthelmintics for the treatment of rat lungworm disease (neuroangiostrongyliasis) have been questioned regardless of numerous experimental animal studies and clinical reports. In this review, 40 of these experimental animal studies and 104 clinical reports are compiled with a focus on albendazole. Among the 144 articles involving an estimated 1034 patients and 2561 animals, 4.1% were inconclusive or vague regarding the use of benzimidazoles. Of the remaining 138 articles, 90.5% found benzimidazoles to be safe and effective (885 patients, 2530 animals), 4.3% as safe but ineffective (73 patients, 3 animals), and 5.0% caused adverse reactions (7 patients, 28 animals). Among those clinical reports that described a confirmed diagnosis of neuroangiostrongyliasis in which albendazole monotherapy was used, 100% reported high efficacy (743 patients, 479 animals). In those where albendazole-corticosteroid co-therapy was used, 97.87% reported it to be effective (323 patients, 130 animals).
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Affiliation(s)
- John Jacob
- University of Hawaii at Hilo, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, Hilo, USA
| | - Argon Steel
- University of Hawaii at Hilo, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, Hilo, USA
| | - Zhain Lin
- University of Hawaii at Hilo, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, Hilo, USA
| | - Fiona Berger
- University Clermont Auvergne, Department of Pharmacy, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Katrin Zöeller
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Pharmacy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susan Jarvi
- University of Hawaii at Hilo, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, Hilo, USA
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Caixeta MB, Araújo PS, Gonçalves BB, Silva LD, Grano-Maldonado MI, Rocha TL. Toxicity of engineered nanomaterials to aquatic and land snails: A scientometric and systematic review. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127654. [PMID: 32758772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The emerging growth of nanotechnology has attracted great attention due to its application in the parasite and intermediate host control. However, the knowledge concerning the mechanism of action (MoA) and toxicity of nanomaterials (NMs) to snails remain unclear. In this context, the present study revised the historical use of snails as experimental models in nanotoxicological studies and summarized the MoA and toxicity of NMs in aquatic and land snails. The data concerning the bioaccumulation, reproductive and transgenerational toxicity, embryotoxicity, genotoxicity and potential molluscicidal activity of NMs were revised. Furthermore, the data about the experimental conditions, such as exposure time, concentrations, cell and tissue-specific responses, snail species and nanoparticle types are discussed. Revised data showed that the toxic effects of NMs were reported for 21 snail species with medical, veterinary and ecological importance. The NM toxicity to snails is dependent on the physical and chemical properties of NMs, as well as their environmental transformation and experimental design. The NM bioaccumulation on snails was related to several toxic effects, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, following by oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins. The NM metabolism in snails remains unknown. Results showed the potential use of NMs in the snail control program. Also, significant research gaps and recommendations for future researches are indicated. The present study confirms that snails are suitable invertebrate model system to assess the nanotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Batista Caixeta
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Paula Sampaio Araújo
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bastos Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Luciana Damacena Silva
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interactions, State University of Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Paredes-Esquivel C, Sola J, Delgado-Serra S, Puig Riera M, Negre N, Miranda MÁ, Jurado-Rivera JA. Angiostrongylus cantonensis in North African hedgehogs as vertebrate hosts, Mallorca, Spain, October 2018. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 31431209 PMCID: PMC6702795 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.33.1900489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In October 2018, two Atelerix algirus hedgehogs were admitted to the Wildlife Rehabilitation Hospital in Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) with signs of acute neurological disease. Necropsy detected immature, fully developed nematodes in the subarachnoid space of both hedgehogs, including a gravid female worm. DNA-based molecular tools confirmed the nematode as Angiostrongylus cantonensis, an important aetiological agent of eosinophilic meningitis in humans. So far this zoonotic parasite in has not been reported in western European wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Paredes-Esquivel
- Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jessica Sola
- Centre de Recuperació de Fauna Silvestre de les Illes Balears (COFIB), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sofía Delgado-Serra
- Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Puig Riera
- Centre de Recuperació de Fauna Silvestre de les Illes Balears (COFIB), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Nieves Negre
- Centre de Recuperació de Fauna Silvestre de les Illes Balears (COFIB), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Miranda
- Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José A Jurado-Rivera
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Federspiel F, Skovmand S, Skarphedinsson S. Eosinophilic meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Europe. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 93:28-39. [PMID: 31972289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe and analyse the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported human angiostrongyliasis in Europe. METHODS A systematic literature review of cases of human angiostrongyliasis in Europe was performed. Seven databases were searched. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics were extracted from included records and simple summary statistics were performed on extracted data. RESULTS Twenty-two cases reported between 1988 and 2019 were identified. They were mainly from French Polynesia, Southeast Asia, and the Caribbean Islands. The dominant suspected mode of transmission was ingestion of prawns, shrimp, or salad. For patients with data, 90% had a history of headache, often lasting, and half had paresthesia. Eighty-nine percent had eosinophilia, 93% had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) eosinophilia, and 92% had elevated CSF protein. Central nervous system (CNS) imaging was normal in most cases. Two-thirds received albendazole or mebendazole treatment, although this is not currently recommended. CONCLUSIONS We have increased previous numbers to 22 reported cases in total since 1988. Angiostrongyliasis should generally be suspected in patients with a lasting headache who have returned from Southeast Asia, China, the Caribbean Islands, Australia, or French Polynesia, as well as parts of North America and Tenerife, Spain, although one autochthonous case from mainland Europe has also been reported. A dietary history should focus on prawns, shrimp, and salad, whilst also including slugs and snails and other paratenic hosts where relevant. The clinical diagnosis is supported by the presence of blood eosinophilia, CSF eosinophilia, and elevated CSF protein. A definitive laboratory diagnosis should be sought, and CNS imaging should be used to support, not to rule out the diagnosis. The most up-to-date evidence should always be consulted before initiating treatment. Current recommendations include analgesics, corticosteroids, and periodic removal of CSF for symptom relief, while antihelminthic treatment is debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Federspiel
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom.
| | - Sofie Skovmand
- Department of Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Søndre Blvd. 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Sigurdur Skarphedinsson
- Clinical Centre of Emerging and Vector-borne Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Søndre Blvd. 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
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