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Zmozinski AV, S Peres R, Macedo AJ, Mendes Becker E, Pasinato Napp A, Schneider R, Reisdörfer Silveira J, Ferreira CA, H Vainstein M, Schrank A. Silicone-geranium essential oil blend for long-term antifouling coatings. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:209-222. [PMID: 38500010 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2328611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the potential of geranium essential oil as a natural solution for combating marine biofouling, addressing the environmental concerns associated with commercial antifouling coatings. Compounds with bactericidal activities were identified by 13Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed minimal impact on film thermal stability, maintaining suitability for antifouling applications. The addition of essential oil induced changes in the morphology of the film and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated that oil remained within the film. Optical microscopy showed an increase in coating porosity after immersion in a marine environment. A total of 18 bacterial colonies were isolated, with Psychrobacter adeliensis and Shewanella algidipiscicola being the predominant biofilm-forming species. The geranium essential oil-based coating demonstrated the ability to reduce the formation of Psychrobacter adeliensis biofilms and effectively inhibit macrofouling adhesion for a duration of 11 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane V Zmozinski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Rafael S Peres
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul - IFRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre José Macedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Emilene Mendes Becker
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pasinato Napp
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Rafael Schneider
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Jade Reisdörfer Silveira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul - IFRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Arthur Ferreira
- LAPOL/PPGE3M - Laboratório de Materiais Poliméricos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marilene H Vainstein
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Augusto Schrank
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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Matthys H, Funk P, Zimmermann A, Lehmacher W. Effects of EPs 7630 on the duration of inability to work in acute bronchitis - a meta-analysis. Multidiscip Respir Med 2023; 18:914. [PMID: 37476531 PMCID: PMC10355130 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2023.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute bronchitis (AB) has an enormous economic impact through lost working time. We investigated whether treatment with Pelargonium extract EPs 7630 may reduce the time of inability to work. Methods A meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials with adult patients suffering from AB was performed. The average number of days of inability to work and the proportion of patients who were still unable to work after one week's treatment were assessed. Results Four clinical trials with a total of 1,011 evaluable patients who received the marketed dosage of EPs 7630 (n=505) or placebo (n=506) for seven days were included in the meta-analysis. At baseline, 845/1,011 patients (83.6%) were unable to work. In the four trials, the proportion decreased to between 19 and 14% for EPs 7630 and to between 41 and 55% for placebo (meta-analysis risk ratio and 95% confidence interval: 0.35; 0.26-0.45; p<0.001). For the number of sick days, a weighted mean difference of 1.73 days (1.17-2.29 days; p<0.001) favoring EPs 7630 was observed. Conclusions For adults suffering from AB, this meta-analysis demonstrates that seven days' treatment with Pelargonium sidoides extract EPs 7630 significantly reduces the average number of sick days and significantly increases the proportion of patients who are able to return to work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Matthys
- Medical Director Emeritus, Department of Pneumology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg
| | - Petra Funk
- Research and Development Department, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe
| | - Andrea Zimmermann
- Research and Development Department, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe
| | - Walter Lehmacher
- Emeritus, Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Germany
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Willcox M, Simpson C, Wilding S, Stuart B, Soilemezi D, Whitehead A, Morgan A, Wrixon E, Zhu S, Yao G, Webley F, Yan R, Bostock J, Bell M, Griffiths G, Leydon G, Little P, Butler C, Hay AD, Moore M. Pelargonium sidoides root extract for the treatment of acute cough due to lower respiratory tract infection in adults: a feasibility double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:48. [PMID: 33514367 PMCID: PMC7845084 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pelargonium sidoides DC (Geraniaceae) root extract, EPs®7630 or "Kaloba®", is a widely used herbal remedy for respiratory infections, with some evidence of effectiveness for acute bronchitis. However, it is not yet widely recommended by medical professionals in the UK. There is a need to undertake appropriately designed randomised trials to test its use as an alternative to antibiotics. The aim was to assess the feasibility of conducting a double-blind randomised controlled trial of Pelargonium sidoides root extract for treatment of acute bronchitis in UK primary care, investigating intervention compliance, patient preference for dosage form and acceptability of patient diaries. STUDY DESIGN Feasibility double-blind randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial. METHODS We aimed to recruit 160 patients with cough (≤ 21 days) caused by acute bronchitis from UK general practices. Practices were cluster-randomised to liquid or tablet preparations and patients were individually randomised to Kaloba® or placebo. We followed participants up for 28 days through self-reported patient diaries with telephone support and reviewed medical records at one month. Outcomes included recruitment, withdrawal, safety, reconsultation and symptom diary completion rates. We also assessed treatment adherence, antibiotic prescribing and consumption, mean symptom severity (at days 2-4 after randomisation) and time to symptom resolution. We interviewed 29 patients and 11 health professionals to identify barriers and facilitators to running such a randomised trial. RESULTS Of 543 patients screened, 261 were eligible, of whom 134 (51%) were recruited and 103 (77%) returned a completed diary. Overall, 41% (41/100) of patients took antibiotics (Kaloba® liquid group: 48% [15/31]; placebo liquid group: 23% [6/26]; Kaloba® tablet group: 48% [9/21]; placebo tablet group: 50% [11/22]). Most patients adhered to the study medication (median 19 out of 21 doses taken in week 1, IQR 18-21 - all arms combined). There were no serious adverse events relating to treatment. Most patients interviewed found study recruitment to be straightforward, but some found the diary too complex. CONCLUSIONS It was feasible and acceptable to recruit patients from UK primary care to a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of herbal medicine (Kaloba®) for the treatment of acute bronchitis, with good retention and low data attrition. TRIAL REGISTRATION HATRIC was registered on the ISRCTN registry ( ISRCTN17672884 ) on 16 August 2018, retrospectively registered. The record can be found at http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17672884 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin Willcox
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, SO16 5ST UK
| | - Catherine Simpson
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Sam Wilding
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Beth Stuart
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, SO16 5ST UK
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Dia Soilemezi
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, SO16 5ST UK
| | - Amy Whitehead
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Alannah Morgan
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Emma Wrixon
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Shihua Zhu
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Guiqing Yao
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Fran Webley
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Ruiyang Yan
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, SO16 5ST UK
| | - Jennifer Bostock
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, SO16 5ST UK
| | - Margaret Bell
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, SO16 5ST UK
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Geraldine Leydon
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, SO16 5ST UK
| | - Paul Little
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, SO16 5ST UK
| | - Christopher Butler
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alastair D. Hay
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael Moore
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, SO16 5ST UK
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Khan T, Khan MA, Mashwani ZUR, Ullah N, Nadhman A. Therapeutic potential of medicinal plants against COVID-19: The role of antiviral medicinal metabolites. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:101890. [PMID: 33520034 PMCID: PMC7831775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous trials underway to find treatment for the COVID-19 through testing vaccines as well as existing drugs. Apart from the many synthetic chemical compounds, plant-based compounds could provide an array of \suitable candidates for testing against the virus. Studies have confirmed the role of many plants against respiratory viruses when employed either as crude extracts or their active ingredients in pure form. The purpose of this review article is to highlight the importance of phytomedicine against COVID-19. The main aim is to review the mechanistic aspects of most important phytochemical compounds that have showed potential against coronaviruses. Glycyrrhizin from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra has shown promising potential against the previously epidemic coronavirus, SARS-CoV. Other important plants such as Artemisia annua, Isatis indigotica, Lindera aggregate, Pelargonium sidoides, and Glychirrhiza spp. have been employed against SARS-CoV. Active ingredients (e.g. emodin, reserpine, aescin, myricetin, scutellarin, apigenin, luteolin, and betulonic acid) have shown promising results against the coronaviruses. Phytochemicals have demonstrated activity against the coronaviruses through mechanisms such as viral entry inhibition, inhibition of replication enzymes and virus release blockage. However, compared to synthetic drugs, phytomedicine are mechanistically less understood and should be properly evaluated before application. Nonetheless, phytochemicals reduce the tedious job of drug discovery and provide a less time-consuming alternative for drug testing. Therefore, along with other drugs currently tested against COVID-19, plant-based drugs should be included for speedy development of COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan
| | - Mubarak Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan, 23390, Pakistan
| | | | - Nazif Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan, 23390, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Nadhman
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Soilemezi D, Leydon GM, Yan R, Simpson C, Bell M, Bostock J, Moore M, Willcox M. Herbal medicine for acute bronchitis: A qualitative interview study of patients' and health professionals' views. Complement Ther Med 2020; 55:102613. [PMID: 33221589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotics are widely prescribed for acute bronchitis in the UK. Herbal medicine could be used instead to provide symptom relief. AIM To explore the views of patients and health professionals on using herbal medicine for acute bronchitis instead of antibiotics. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a nested qualitative study, conducted alongside a feasibility randomised clinical trial which ran from July 2018 to May 2019 in 20 GP practices in Wessex, UK. METHOD We conducted telephone semi-structured interviews with patients and with health professionals. The interview data were transcribed and analysed thematically. RESULTS Overall, 40 interviews were conducted with 29 patients, six GPs and five nurses. While some patients believed antibiotics are more effective, most were aware of resistance and were keen to try an alternative, including herbal medicine. Several patients believed herbals would be "less intrusive" than antibiotics, whereas a few disliked the taste or experienced side-effects after taking a herbal. Professionals were concerned about potential interactions with conventional medicines. Many patients trusted herbals because of their long history of use, while some did not understand them. Availability of herbals without a prescription enables patients to use them for self-care, but their cost was a barrier for some. Many patients were willing to take a herbal if advised by their GP. Most GPs were happy to recommend a herbal, if endorsed by evidence-based guidelines. CONCLUSION Many patients and health professionals would consider using herbal medicine for acute bronchitis, if based on trustworthy advice and evidence-based guidelines respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dia Soilemezi
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, SO16 5ST, United Kingdom
| | - Geraldine M Leydon
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, SO16 5ST, United Kingdom
| | - Ruiyang Yan
- Medical School, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Simpson
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Bell
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Bostock
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Moore
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, SO16 5ST, United Kingdom
| | - Merlin Willcox
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, SO16 5ST, United Kingdom.
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