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Lin YJ, Chung CY, Chen CPC, Hsieh YW, Wang CF, Chen CC. The Feasibility and Efficacy of Remote App-Guided Home Exercises for Frozen Shoulder: A Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1095. [PMID: 38891171 PMCID: PMC11171612 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Home exercise programs are beneficial in managing frozen shoulder (FS), yet adherence remains challenging. This pilot study introduces the remote app, Defrozen, designed for home exercises and assesses its feasibility and clinical outcomes in FS patients undergoing intra-articular and sub-acromial corticosteroid treatment. Over a four-week period, patients used the Defrozen-app, engaging in guided exercises. The feasibility of the intervention was assessed through several measurement scales, including adherence, the Technology Acceptance Model 2 (TAM2), the System Usability Scale (SUS), and User Satisfaction and Engagement (USE). Clinical outcomes included pain scale, Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) Score, and passive range of motion. The TAM2 results indicated high perceived usefulness (4.5/5), ease of use (4.8/5), and intention to use (4.4/5); the SUS score was high at 81.7/100, complemented by USE scores reflecting ease of learning (4.9/5) and satisfaction (4.3/5). Clinical outcomes showed significant pain reduction, improved shoulder function, reduced shoulder-related disability, and increased shoulder range of motion. These findings suggest the Defrozen-app as a promising solution for FS, significantly improving adherence and showing potential to enhance clinical outcomes. However, these clinical outcome results are preliminary and necessitate further validation through a large-scale randomized controlled trial to definitively confirm efficacy and assess long-term benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (C.-Y.C.); (C.P.C.C.)
| | - Chia-Ying Chung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (C.-Y.C.); (C.P.C.C.)
| | - Carl P. C. Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (C.-Y.C.); (C.P.C.C.)
| | - Yu-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Fu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
- Biomedical Engineering Research and Development Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (C.-Y.C.); (C.P.C.C.)
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Phillips R, Hilton C, Sousa Filho LF, Farlie M, Morrissey D, Malliaras P. Behaviour change and rehabilitation adherence in adults with tendinopathy: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38420953 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2320832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This scoping review aimed to identify behaviour change strategies influencing rehabilitation adherence in adults with tendinopathy, a common musculoskeletal condition requiring prolonged rehabilitation with poor adherence and variable outcomes. METHODS Following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, seven databases were searched until April 2023. Records included reviews, intervention, and qualitative studies published in English. Behaviour change strategies were deductively coded and mapped to the capability, opportunity, and motivation model of behaviour (COM-B). RESULTS Eighty-six articles were retained. The primary behaviour change strategies in tendinopathy rehabilitation reports addressed Psychological Capability; from knowledge through education, instruction, and self-monitoring using exercise diaries. Also, Social Opportunity involves demonstration and monitoring of rehabilitation behaviour, and Physical Opportunity focuses on time-efficient programs with access to equipment and health professionals. Few reports addressed Automatic Motivation (positive reinforcement and habit formation). Barriers identified in the reports were Reflective Motivation (negative beliefs and fears), Physical Opportunity (time-constraints), and Physical Capability (pain and comorbidities). CONCLUSIONS Further research should explore the impact of education on beliefs, fears, and pain-management, as well as the effectiveness of teaching habit formation for improved time-management. Implementing these behaviour change strategies may enhance tendinopathy rehabilitation adherence, improving clinical trial efficacy, guiding clinical practice, and impacting patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Phillips
- Physiotherapy Department, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Melanie Farlie
- Physiotherapy Department, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dylan Morrissey
- Physiotherapy Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- Sport and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Peter Malliaras
- Physiotherapy Department, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Cavaggion C, Juul-Kristensen B, Luque-Suarez A, Voogt L, Wollants G, Ó Conaire E, Struyf F. Exercise into pain in chronic rotator cuff related shoulder pain: a prospective single-group feasibility study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070698. [PMID: 37802620 PMCID: PMC10565173 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the feasibility of exercising into pain in rotator cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP), data collection procedures, feedback from physiotherapists and patients, and clinically important changes in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). DESIGN Unblinded non-randomised single-group study. SETTING Physiotherapy clinic in Belgium. PARTICIPANTS Twelve patients with unilateral RCRSP for minimum 3 months, aged 18-65 years. INTERVENTIONS Twelve weeks of four individualised exercises, with nine physiotherapist-led sessions with pain ratings 4-7 out of 10 on a verbal Numeric Pain Rating Scale for 9 weeks and then pain ratings 0-2 for 3 weeks. Every physiotherapy session included 15 min of manual therapy. Non-supervised exercises were: 2×/week in weeks with physiotherapy session, 3×/week in weeks without physiotherapy session. OUTCOME MEASURES Primary: adherence, where patients were considered adherent with 78% (7/9 sessions) attendance for supervised sessions and 81% (22/27 sessions) completion for non-supervised exercises, and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI); secondary: fear-avoidance behaviour, fear of pain, physical outcomes (strength, range of motion, scapular dyskinesis); others: ultrasound (US) imaging outcomes (acromionhumeral distance, supraspinatus tendon thickness, occupation ratio), global perceived effect (GPE). PROMs were collected via online survey, except for the GPE (via closed envelope). US measures were taken after physical measures. RESULTS Adherence and adverse effects were analysed in patients who had the possibility to attend minimum seven supervised sessions (n=8): 88% of them adhered to supervised sessions, 50% to non-supervised exercises; none of them withdrew from the study, three of them obtained individual clinically important improvements in SPADI score above 20 points. The measurement protocol of physical and ultrasonographic outcomes took around 60 min. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to supervised sessions was satisfactory, the adherence to non-supervised exercises must be improved. Data collection procedures were feasible to perform, but some changes are recommended. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04154345.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cavaggion
- Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Birgit Juul-Kristensen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Luque-Suarez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Universidad de Malaga, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Lennard Voogt
- Department of Physical Therapy Studies and Research Centre for Health Care Innovations, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | | | - Eoin Ó Conaire
- Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Evidence-Based Therapy Centre, Galway, Ireland
| | - Filip Struyf
- Research Group MOVANT, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (REVAKI), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Larsen JB, Østergaard HK, Thillemann TM, Falstie-Jensen T, Reimer LCU, Noe S, Jensen SL, Mechlenburg I. Are progressive shoulder exercises feasible in patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis or rotator cuff tear arthropathy? Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:168. [PMID: 35922865 PMCID: PMC9347133 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the feasibility of progressive shoulder exercises (PSE) for patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA) or rotator cuff tear arthropathy (CTA). The aim of this study was to investigate whether 12 weeks of PSE is feasible in patients with glenohumeral OA or CTA eligible for shoulder arthroplasty. Moreover, to report changes in shoulder function and range of motion (ROM) following the exercise program. METHODS Twenty patients were included. Eighteen patients (11 women, 15 with OA), mean age 70 years (range 57-80), performed 12 weeks of PSE with one weekly physiotherapist-supervised and two weekly home-based sessions. Feasibility was measured by dropout rate, adverse events, pain, and adherence to PSE. At baseline and end of intervention, patients completed the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder (WOOS) score and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH). Data to assess feasibility were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Two patients dropped out and no adverse events were observed. Sixteen of the eighteen patients (89%) had a high adherence (≥ 70%) to the physiotherapist-supervised sessions. Acceptable pain levels were reported; in 76% of all exercise sessions with no numeric rating scale (NRS) score over five for any exercise. WOOS improved with a mean of 23 points (95% CI 13;33), and DASH improved with a mean of 13 points (95% CI 6;19). CONCLUSION Adherence to PSE was high and dropout rates were low. PSE is feasible, safe and may relieve shoulder pain, improve function and ROM in patients with glenohumeral OA or CTA. The patient-experienced gains after PSE seem clinically relevant and should be compared to arthroplasty surgery in a RCT setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION According to Danish law, this study did not need an approval by the Central Denmark Region Committee on Health Research Ethics. Approval from The Danish Data Protection Agency (journal number 1-16-02-15-20) was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Beck Larsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Helle Kvistgaard Østergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Theis Muncholm Thillemann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Lisa Cecilie Urup Reimer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sidsel Noe
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Steen Lund Jensen
- Interdisciplinary Orthopaedics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Inger Mechlenburg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Ribeiro DC, Jafarian Tangrood Z, Wilson R, Sole G, Abbott JH. Tailored exercise and manual therapy versus standardised exercise for patients with shoulder subacromial pain: a feasibility randomised controlled trial (the Otago MASTER trial). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053572. [PMID: 35710235 PMCID: PMC9207741 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess whether it was feasible to conduct a full trial comparing a tailored versus a standardised exercise programme for patients with shoulder subacromial pain. DESIGN Two-arm, patient-blinded and assessor-blinded, randomised controlled feasibility trial. METHODS Twenty-eight participants with shoulder subacromial pain were randomly allocated into one of two intervention groups-tailored or standardised exercise. Participants in the tailored exercise programme received exercises and manual therapy tailored to their scapular and shoulder movement impairments. Participants in the standardised exercise programme received progressive strengthening exercise. The primary outcome measures were (1) the participant recruitment rate; (2) the proportion of participants enrolled from the total number screened; (3) drop-out rates; and (4) adherence to the rehabilitation programme. Other outcome measures were: (5) pain levels; (6) Patient-Specific Functional Scale; (7) the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index; and (8) pain self-efficacy. We compared changes in pain and disability scores between groups using a repeated mixed-model analysis of variance. Since this is a feasibility study, we did not adjust alpha for multiple comparisons, and considered 75% CI as the probability threshold at 3-month follow-up. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the Short-Form 12 and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were estimated. RESULTS The recruitment rate was 3 participants per month, the proportion of participants enrolled was 23%, the drop-out rate was 14% and the overall adherence to the rehabilitation programme was 85%. No between-group differences were found for most outcome measures. Adverse events (n=2, only in the tailored group) were minor in nature and included skin injury or pain following taping. CONCLUSIONS Our feasibility trial showed that additional strategies are required for improving recruitment, enrolment and minimising drop-out of participants into the trial and making it feasible to conduct a full trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ANZCTR: 12617001405303.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Ribeiro
- School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago Division of Health Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Ross Wilson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gisela Sole
- School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago Division of Health Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J Haxby Abbott
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand
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