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Wang Y, Wang J, Zhou T, Chen Z, Wang W, Liu B, Li Y. Investigating the potential mechanism and therapeutic effects of SLXG for cholesterol gallstone treatment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155886. [PMID: 39059092 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shugan Lidan Xiaoshi Granules (SLXG) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation frequently employed to prevent and treat cholesterol gallstones. SLXG is formulated based on the Chaihu Shugan Formula found in an ancient Chinese medical book, a traditional remedy in China for centuries, and has demonstrated successful treatment of numerous patients with gallbladder stones. PURPOSE This research sought to clarify the therapeutic impact and molecular mechanisms of SLXG and its active components in the treatment of cholesterol gallbladder stones. METHODS The study employed network pharmacology, UPLC-HRMS transcriptome sequencing, animal model experiments, molecular docking, and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) to explore the molecular mechanisms of SLXG and its relationship with Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) and potential targets. Furthermore, PPI network analysis, along with GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, were performed to explore the potential mechanisms through which SLXG and its active ingredient, naringenin, prevent and treat cholesterol gallstones. The mechanism of action was further elucidated using an animal model for gallbladder stone formation. RESULTS The study employed a network pharmacology and UPLC-HRMS to investigate the active compounds of SLXG for the treatment of cholesterol gallbladder stones, and subsequently constructed a network of therapeutic targets of SLXG. The results from gene enrichment analyses indicated that SLXG targets the metabolic pathway of bile secretion and the cholesterol metabolism pathway in addressing cholesterol gallbladder stones. The molecular docking results confirmed the interaction between the genes enriched in the pathways and the active ingredients in SLXG. Transcriptome sequencing results demonstrated that SLXG exerts its therapeutic effect on gallstones by regulating cholesterol and bile acid synthesis and metabolism. Furthermore, animal model experiments and SPR provided evidence that SLXG and its active ingredient, naringenin, exert therapeutic effects on cholesterol gallbladder stones by targeting the genes HMGCR, SOAT2, and UGT1A1, and influencing substances associated with cholesterol synthesis and metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Using systematic network pharmacology methods combined with in vivo validation experiments, we uncovered the fundamental pharmacological effects and potential mechanisms of SLXG and its active ingredient, naringenin, in the treatment of cholesterol gallstones. This research underscores the valuable role that traditional remedies can play in addressing medical challenges and suggests a promising direction for further exploration of natural treatments for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Intervention Medicine and Microinvasive Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Institute of Interventional Oncology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Intervention Medicine and Microinvasive Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Institute of Interventional Oncology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Intervention Medicine and Microinvasive Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Institute of Interventional Oncology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Zitong Chen
- Department of Intervention Medicine and Microinvasive Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Institute of Interventional Oncology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Wujie Wang
- Department of Intervention Medicine and Microinvasive Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Institute of Interventional Oncology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Intervention Medicine and Microinvasive Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Institute of Interventional Oncology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Department of Intervention Medicine and Microinvasive Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Institute of Interventional Oncology, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.
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Georgescu D, Lighezan DF, Ionita I, Hadaruga N, Buzas R, Rosca CI, Ionita M, Suceava I, Mitu DA, Ancusa OE. Cholesterol Gallstones and Long-Term Use of Statins: Is Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Bridging over Uncertainties? Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1234. [PMID: 38928650 PMCID: PMC11202934 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14121234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A total of 300 research participants-200 consecutive patients diagnosed with dyslipidemia (100 statin (+), treated for at least five years, and 100 statin (-)) and 100 healthy controls-were included in this observational study. The aim of the study was to deliver insights into the relationship between the long-term use of statins for dyslipidemia and gallstone disease (GSD), as well as insights into the background particularities of the gut microbiota. All study participants underwent clinical examination, laboratory workups, stool microbiology/stool 16S r RNA, next-generation sequencing, and abdominal ultrasound/CT exams. Results: The research participants presented with similarities related to age, gender, and location. Patients displayed comparable heredity for GSs, metabolic issues, and related co-morbidities. Gut dysbiosis (DB) was present in 54% of the statin (-) patients vs. 35% of the statin (+) patients (p = 0.0070). GSs were present in 14% of patients in the statin (-) group vs. 5% of patients in the statin (+) group (p = 0.0304). Severe dysbiosis, with a significant reduction in biodiversity, an increase in LPS (+) bacteria, and a notable decrease in mucin-degrading bacteria, mucosa-protective bacteria, and butyrate-producing bacteria were observed in the statin (-) group. Strong positive correlations between GSD and diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance (r = 0.3368, p = 0.0006), obesity (r = 0.3923, p < 0.0001), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (r = 0.3219, p = 0.0011), and DB (r = 0.7343, p < 0.0001), as well as significant negative correlations between GSD and alcohol use (r = -0.2305, p = 0.0211), were observed. The multiple regression equation demonstrated that only DB (95% CI: 0.3163 to 0.5670; p < 0.0001) and obesity (95% CI: 0.01431 to 0.2578; p = 0.0289) were independent risk factors predicting GSD in the group of patients treated with statins. Conclusion: The long-term use of statins in dyslipidemic patients was associated with a low risk of developing GSs. The gut microbiota associated with a long-term use of statins in dyslipidemic patients was characterized by a low risk of developing an imbalance of various functional bacteria and alterations in the metabolic microbiota. DB and obesity were found to be independent risk factors predicting GSD in statin (+) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Georgescu
- Department V of Internal Medicine I, “V Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.G.); (D.-F.L.); (R.B.); (C.-I.R.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (D.-A.M.); (O.-E.A.)
| | - Daniel-Florin Lighezan
- Department V of Internal Medicine I, “V Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.G.); (D.-F.L.); (R.B.); (C.-I.R.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (D.-A.M.); (O.-E.A.)
| | - Ioana Ionita
- Department V of Internal Medicine I, “V Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.G.); (D.-F.L.); (R.B.); (C.-I.R.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (D.-A.M.); (O.-E.A.)
| | - Nicoleta Hadaruga
- Department of Food Science, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I”, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Roxana Buzas
- Department V of Internal Medicine I, “V Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.G.); (D.-F.L.); (R.B.); (C.-I.R.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (D.-A.M.); (O.-E.A.)
| | - Ciprian-Ilie Rosca
- Department V of Internal Medicine I, “V Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.G.); (D.-F.L.); (R.B.); (C.-I.R.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (D.-A.M.); (O.-E.A.)
| | - Mihai Ionita
- Department V of Internal Medicine I, “V Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.G.); (D.-F.L.); (R.B.); (C.-I.R.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (D.-A.M.); (O.-E.A.)
| | - Ioana Suceava
- Department V of Internal Medicine I, “V Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.G.); (D.-F.L.); (R.B.); (C.-I.R.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (D.-A.M.); (O.-E.A.)
| | - Diana-Alexandra Mitu
- Department V of Internal Medicine I, “V Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.G.); (D.-F.L.); (R.B.); (C.-I.R.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (D.-A.M.); (O.-E.A.)
| | - Oana-Elena Ancusa
- Department V of Internal Medicine I, “V Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.G.); (D.-F.L.); (R.B.); (C.-I.R.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (D.-A.M.); (O.-E.A.)
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Shaltout AA, Seoudi R, Almalawi DR, Abdellatief M, Tanthanuch W. Quantitative phase analysis and molecular structure of human gallstones using synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123777. [PMID: 38128330 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Human gallstones are the most common disorder in the biliary system, affecting up to 20 % of the adult population. The formation of gallstones is primarily due to the supersaturating of cholesterol in bile. In order to comprehend gallstone disease in detail, it is necessary to have accurate information about phase identification and molecular structure. Different types of gallstone samples were collected from the Middle East area after surgical operations including; cholesterol, pigment, and mixed gallstones. To estimate the basic information about the stone formation and the pathophysiology of cholelithiasis as well as to classify the collected human gallstones, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform Infrared spectrometry (ATR-FTIR) was used to analyze the different gallstone structures in the wavenumber range from 400 to 4000 cm-1. Calcium bilirubinate was specified by the bands at 1662 cm-1, 1626 cm-1, and 1572 cm-1, while cholesterol rings were designated by the bands at 1464, 1438, 1055, and 1022 cm-1. It can be assumed that all samples consist of mixed gallstones based on the doublets at 1375 cm-1 and 1365 cm-1. The levels of calcium bilirubin and various minerals varied among the analyzed samples, indicating the heterogeneity in their composition and suggesting potential implications for gallstone formation. Based on the quantitative phase analysis using synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD), two phases of anhydrous cholesterol as a major content and one phase of monohydrate cholesterols as trace content represent the main components of most of the gallstones. Additional phases of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite, vaterite, aragonite, and bilirubinate were also quantified. According to the outcomes of the FTIR and the SR-XRD measurements, there exists a statistical correlation between the different types of chemical constituents of the gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah A Shaltout
- Spectroscopy Department, Physics Division, National Research Centre, El Behooth Str., 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Roshdi Seoudi
- Spectroscopy Department, Physics Division, National Research Centre, El Behooth Str., 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dhaifallah R Almalawi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Abdellatief
- Synchrotron-Light for Experimental and Scientific Applications in the Middle East (SESAME), P.O. Box 7, Allan 19252, Jordan
| | - Waraporn Tanthanuch
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Jayasoma K, Koralegedara NH, Dharmapala A, Chandrajith R. Microstructural and Geochemical Characterization of Gallstones: Implication for Biomineralization. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4891-4902. [PMID: 35089502 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stone formation in the gallbladder is one of the growing health issues reported throughout the world. However, studies on the characteristics of gallstone in the Sri Lankan community are very limited. Detail investigation of gallstone is important for identifying the causative factors and understanding the formation process. The present study aimed to investigate the compositional and microstructural characteristics of gallstone in Sri Lankan patients. Twenty-three patients who were admitted for cholecystectomies were selected for the study. The socio-demographic information was collected from patients using a structured questionnaire. Stones that were removed from surgeries were analyzed by their microstructural and compositional features using Fourier Transformed Infra-Red Spectrometer (FT-IR) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and polarizing microscope. 44% of stones were the mixed type that comprised mainly cholesterol and bilirubinate and followed by pigment type (30%) that mainly contained bilirubinate. The pure cholesterol stones which comprise only cholesterol are the least abundant type of stones. Calcium is the major element found in stones followed by Cu, Mn, Fe, Mg, Zn, and Ni. Higher content of these elements was found in pigment stones compared to the other types. The core and crust regions of stones were enriched with Ca compared to the middle part. Concentric layers that comprise alternating dark and light color bands were observed in the crust, reflecting the compositional variation in bile during the formation of gallstones. The electron microscope images confirmed lightly stacked cholesterol with plate- and needle-like crystals and irregularly arranged clumps of bilirubinate. The Ca-rich core of gallstone confirmed that the Ca-salt precipitation possibly provided a nucleus for the stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushani Jayasoma
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Arinda Dharmapala
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Rohana Chandrajith
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
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Application of stacking ensemble learning model in quantitative analysis of biomaterial activity. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sharma B, Sharma SR. Evaluation of gallstone classification and their diagnosis through serum parameters as emerging tools in treatment: a narrative review. Postgrad Med 2022; 134:644-653. [PMID: 35841159 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2022.2103350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of gallstones is a matter of real concern as they may cause gallbladder cancer if not properly attended to. Evaluating the classification of gallstones can give major clues in their treatment as it will decide their aetiology, chemical composition, and pathogenesis. Also, serum parameters have emerged as an efficient tool for diagnosing gallstones. They can be probed to evaluate different biochemicals and the changes in their levels in gallstone patients which can be correlated with early prediction of the formation of gallstones. In the present review, a thorough search of the available literature was done starting from the earliest approaches for the classification of gallstones up to the recent advancements. The alteration in the level of serum parameters was also studied in gallstone patients so that it can act as a potential diagnostic tool for early detection of gallstone formation. The earliest classification of gallstones was done in 1896 by Nauyn. He classified them into pure cholesterol stones, laminated cholesterol stones, ordinary gallbladder stones, mixed bilirubin stones, and rare forms. The most recent classification of gallstones was done by Peter et al in 2020 and they classified them as pure, mixed, composite cholesterol, carbonate stones, black and brown pigment stones. The altered of levels of serum parameters was analyzed by Reuben (1985) and in recent times by Peter et al (2020). The various serum parameters studied were as RDW-CV test (red blood cell distribution width), PCT (prolactin) test, MPV (mean platelet count), LYM (lymphocyte) test, and EOS (eosinophil and eosinophil count test). Also, we discussed some practical considerations for gallstones that can be taken into account for gallstone prevention and diagnosis. Further research is required to detect gallstone type in the gallbladder by using the alteration in the levels of serum parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Sharma
- Department of Bio-engineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shubha Rani Sharma
- Department of Bio-engineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand, India
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Jafri L, Abid MA, Asif H, Hashmi B, Majid H, Ghani F, Ahmed S, Siddiqui I, Khan AH. Development and validation of standard and real patient gallstone library using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:146. [PMID: 35346074 PMCID: PMC8962173 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Analysis of the constituents of gallstones using various spectroscopic techniques assists in identification of the pathogenesis of gallstones. In the current study, using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy, a Gallstone Standard Library (GSL) and a Gallstone Real Patients’ Library (GRPL) were developed and validated for gallstone composition analysis. Methods The study was conducted at the Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Pakistan. Pure standards (cholesterol, calcium carbonate, bilirubin and bile salts) and gallstone specimens were analyzed using FTIR Nicolet iS-5 Spectrometer from Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA. Thermo Scientific™ QCheck™ algorithm, embedded within the OMNIC™ software, was used to identify the unique spectral fingerprint of the patient samples to match with known, standard material. Matching of > 75% was considered acceptable. Validation for accuracy of the library was performed for twenty analyzed gallstones at an international reference lab. Results Concerted search analysis was performed against the developed GSL consisting of 71 “pure component” spectrum divided into 5 types to generate the library. For the Gallstone Real Patient Library (GRPL), 117 patient samples were analyzed. Ninety-eight gall stones (83.8%) out of 117 stones matched with the developed GSL. Majority stones were mixed stones (95.92%), with cholesterol being the primary component (91.83%). Results of the developed library were 100% in agreement with the reports received from the external reference lab. Conclusions The library developed displayed good consistency and can be used for detection of gallstone composition in Pakistan and replace the traditional labor- and time-intensive chemical method of gallstone analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Jafri
- Section Head Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Abbas Abid
- Section Head Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Humera Asif
- Section Head Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Hashmi
- Section Head Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Majid
- Section Head Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Ghani
- Section Head Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sibtain Ahmed
- Section Head Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Imran Siddiqui
- Section Head Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aysha Habib Khan
- Section Head Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Naserifar S, Kuijpers PF, Wojno S, Kádár R, Bernin D, Hasani M. In situ monitoring of cellulose etherification in solution: probing the impact of solvent composition on the synthesis of 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl-cellulose in aqueous hydroxide systems. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00231k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose etherification can be affected by tuning the solvent composition as indicated by monitoring the reaction using in situ IR spectroscopy and rheology measurements together with NMR characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Naserifar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Sylwia Wojno
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roland Kádár
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Merima Hasani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sablinskas V, Bandzeviciute R, Velicka M, Ceponkus J, Urboniene V, Jankevicius F, Laurinavičius A, Dasevičius D, Steiner G. Fiber attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy of kidney tissue during live surgery. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000018. [PMID: 32249545 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
More than 90% of solid kidney tumors are cancerous and have to be treated by surgical resection where surgical outcomes and patient prognosis are dependent on the tumor discrimination. The development of alternative approaches based on a new generation of fiber attenuated total reflection (ATR) probes could aid tumor identification even under intrasurgical conditions. Herein, fiber ATR IR spectroscopy is employed to distinguish normal and cancerous kidney tissues. Freshly resected tissue samples from 34 patients are investigated under nearly native conditions. Spectral marker bands that allow a reliable discrimination between tumor and normal tissue are identified by a supervised classification algorithm. The absorbance values of the bands at 1025, 1155 and 1240 cm-1 assigned to glycogen and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase are used as the clearest markers for the tissue discrimination. Absorbance threshold values for tumor and normal tissue are determined by discriminant analysis. This new approach allows the surgeon to make a clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdas Sablinskas
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Martynas Velicka
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Justinas Ceponkus
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vidita Urboniene
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Feliksas Jankevicius
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arvydas Laurinavičius
- National Center of Pathology, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Darius Dasevičius
- National Center of Pathology, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gerald Steiner
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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Analysis of stones formed in the human gall bladder and kidney using advanced spectroscopic techniques. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:647-668. [PMID: 32410185 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stone diseases (gallstones and kidney stones) are extremely painful and often cause death. The prime aim of biomedical research in this area has been determination of factors resulting in stone formation inside the gallbladder and urinary tract. Many theories have been put forward to explain the mechanism of stone formation and their growth; however, their complete cycle of pathogenesis is still under debate. Several factors are responsible for stone formation; however, much emphasis is placed on the determination of elemental and molecular composition of the stones. In the present review article, we describe different kinds of spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and highlight their use in the analysis of stone diseases. We have summarized work done on gallstones and kidney stones using these advanced techniques particularly over the last 10 years. We have also briefly elaborated the basics of stone formations inside the human body and their complications for a better understanding of the subject.
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