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Accorsi A, Guo L, Marshall WF, Mommersteeg MTM, Nakajima YI. Extraordinary model systems for regeneration. Development 2024; 151:dev203083. [PMID: 39012059 DOI: 10.1242/dev.203083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Regeneration is the remarkable phenomenon through which an organism can regrow lost or damaged parts with fully functional replacements, including complex anatomical structures, such as limbs. In 2019, Development launched its 'Model systems for regeneration' collection, a series of articles introducing some of the most popular model organisms for studying regeneration in vivo. To expand this topic further, this Perspective conveys the voices of five expert biologists from the field of regenerative biology, each of whom showcases some less well-known, but equally extraordinary, species for studying regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Accorsi
- University of California Davis, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Longhua Guo
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wallace F Marshall
- Deptartment of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mathilda T M Mommersteeg
- Institute of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine (IDRM), Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, IMS-Tetsuya Nakamura Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7TY, UK
| | - Yu-Ichiro Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Fujita S, Takahashi M, Kumano G, Kuranaga E, Miura M, Nakajima YI. Distinct stem-like cell populations facilitate functional regeneration of the Cladonema medusa tentacle. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002435. [PMID: 38127832 PMCID: PMC10734932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastema formation is a crucial process that provides a cellular source for regenerating tissues and organs. While bilaterians have diversified blastema formation methods, its mechanisms in non-bilaterians remain poorly understood. Cnidarian jellyfish, or medusae, represent early-branching metazoans that exhibit complex morphology and possess defined appendage structures highlighted by tentacles with stinging cells (nematocytes). Here, we investigate the mechanisms of tentacle regeneration, using the hydrozoan jellyfish Cladonema pacificum. We show that proliferative cells accumulate at the tentacle amputation site and form a blastema composed of cells with stem cell morphology. Nucleoside pulse-chase experiments indicate that most repair-specific proliferative cells (RSPCs) in the blastema are distinct from resident stem cells. We further demonstrate that resident stem cells control nematogenesis and tentacle elongation during both homeostasis and regeneration as homeostatic stem cells, while RSPCs preferentially differentiate into epithelial cells in the newly formed tentacle, analogous to lineage-restricted stem/progenitor cells observed in salamander limbs. Taken together, our findings propose a regeneration mechanism that utilizes both resident homeostatic stem cells (RHSCs) and RSPCs, which in conjunction efficiently enable functional appendage regeneration, and provide novel insight into the diversification of blastema formation across animal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosuke Fujita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mako Takahashi
- Asamushi Research Center for Marine Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Gaku Kumano
- Asamushi Research Center for Marine Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Erina Kuranaga
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-ichiro Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Thoma V, Sakai S, Nagata K, Ishii Y, Maruyama S, Abe A, Kondo S, Kawata M, Hamada S, Deguchi R, Tanimoto H. On the origin of appetite: GLWamide in jellyfish represents an ancestral satiety neuropeptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221493120. [PMID: 37011192 PMCID: PMC10104569 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221493120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Food intake is regulated by internal state. This function is mediated by hormones and neuropeptides, which are best characterized in popular model species. However, the evolutionary origins of such feeding-regulating neuropeptides are poorly understood. We used the jellyfish Cladonema to address this question. Our combined transcriptomic, behavioral, and anatomical approaches identified GLWamide as a feeding-suppressing peptide that selectively inhibits tentacle contraction in this jellyfish. In the fruit fly Drosophila, myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) is a related satiety peptide. Surprisingly, we found that GLWamide and MIP were fully interchangeable in these evolutionarily distant species for feeding suppression. Our results suggest that the satiety signaling systems of diverse animals share an ancient origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimiros Thoma
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8577, Japan
- Department of Biology, Miyagi University of Education, Aoba-ku, Sendai980-0845, Japan
| | - Shuhei Sakai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8577, Japan
| | - Koki Nagata
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuu Ishii
- Department of Biology, Miyagi University of Education, Aoba-ku, Sendai980-0845, Japan
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobaku, Sendai980-8578, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Maruyama
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobaku, Sendai980-8578, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo112-8610, Japan
| | - Ayako Abe
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8577, Japan
| | - Shu Kondo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo125-8585, Japan
- Invertebrate Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka411-8540, Japan
| | - Masakado Kawata
- Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobaku, Sendai980-8578, Japan
| | - Shun Hamada
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women’s University, Fukuoka813-8529, Japan
| | - Ryusaku Deguchi
- Department of Biology, Miyagi University of Education, Aoba-ku, Sendai980-0845, Japan
| | - Hiromu Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8577, Japan
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siRNA-mediated gene knockdown via electroporation in hydrozoan jellyfish embryos. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16049. [PMID: 36180523 PMCID: PMC9525680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As the sister group to bilaterians, cnidarians stand in a unique phylogenetic position that provides insight into evolutionary aspects of animal development, physiology, and behavior. While cnidarians are classified into two types, sessile polyps and free-swimming medusae, most studies at the cellular and molecular levels have been conducted on representative polyp-type cnidarians and have focused on establishing techniques of genetic manipulation. Recently, gene knockdown by delivery of short hairpin RNAs into eggs via electroporation has been introduced in two polyp-type cnidarians, Nematostella vectensis and Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus, enabling systematic loss-of-function experiments. By contrast, current methods of genetic manipulation for most medusa-type cnidarians, or jellyfish, are quite limited, except for Clytia hemisphaerica, and reliable techniques are required to interrogate function of specific genes in different jellyfish species. Here, we present a method to knock down target genes by delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) into fertilized eggs via electroporation, using the hydrozoan jellyfish, Clytia hemisphaerica and Cladonema paciificum. We show that siRNAs targeting endogenous GFP1 and Wnt3 in Clytia efficiently knock down gene expression and result in known planula phenotypes: loss of green fluorescence and defects in axial patterning, respectively. We also successfully knock down endogenous Wnt3 in Cladonema by siRNA electroporation, which circumvents the technical difficulty of microinjecting small eggs. Wnt3 knockdown in Cladonema causes gene expression changes in axial markers, suggesting a conserved Wnt/β-catenin-mediated pathway that controls axial polarity during embryogenesis. Our gene-targeting siRNA electroporation method is applicable to other animals, including and beyond jellyfish species, and will facilitate the investigation and understanding of myriad aspects of animal development.
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Fang X, Zhou K, Chen J. The complete linear mitochondrial genome of the hydrozoan jellyfish Cladonema multiramosum Zhou et al., 2022(Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Cladonematidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2022; 7:921-923. [PMID: 35692645 PMCID: PMC9176327 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2022.2079100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome of Cladonema multiramosum Zhou et al., 2022 from Fujian, China. The length of the linear mitochondrial genome is 15164 bp, containing 13 protein-coding genes (cox2, atp8, atp6, cox3, nad2, nad5, nad6, nad3, nad4L, nad1, nad4, cob, cox1), two tRNAs (trnM and trnW) and 2 rRNAs (12S and 16S). The arrangement of mitogenomes show some little differences in different hydrozoan groups. The phylogenetic analysis of 13 protein coding genes (PCGs) in Cnidarians showed that C. multiramosum was closely related to Cladonema pacificum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Fang
- Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- Collage of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou, China
| | - Konglin Zhou
- Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou, China
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Hou S, Zhu J, Shibata S, Nakamoto A, Kumano G. Repetitive accumulation of interstitial cells generates the branched structure of Cladonema medusa tentacles. Development 2021; 148:272708. [PMID: 34738619 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The shaping of tissues and organs in many animals relies on interactions between the epithelial cell layer and its underlying mesoderm-derived tissues. Inductive signals, such as receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling emanating from mesoderm, act on cells of the epithelium to initiate three-dimensional changes. However, how tissues are shaped in a diploblastic animal with no mesoderm remains largely unknown. In this study, the jellyfish Cladonema pacificum was used to investigate branch formation. The tentacles on its medusa stage undergo branching, which increases the epithelial surface area available for carrying nematocytes, thereby maximizing prey capture. Pharmacological and cellular analyses of the branching process suggest a two-step model for tentacle branch formation, in which mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase signaling accumulates interstitial cells in the future branch-forming region, and fibroblast growth factor signaling regulates branch elongation. This study highlights an essential role for these pluripotent stem cells in the tissue-shaping morphogenesis of a diploblastic animal. In addition, it identifies a mechanism involving RTK signaling and cell proliferative activity at the branch tip for branching morphogenesis that is apparently conserved across the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiting Hou
- Asamushi Research Center for Marine Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 9 Sakamoto, Asamushi, Aomori 039-3501, Japan
| | - Jianrong Zhu
- Asamushi Research Center for Marine Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 9 Sakamoto, Asamushi, Aomori 039-3501, Japan
| | - Saki Shibata
- Asamushi Research Center for Marine Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 9 Sakamoto, Asamushi, Aomori 039-3501, Japan
| | - Ayaki Nakamoto
- Asamushi Research Center for Marine Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 9 Sakamoto, Asamushi, Aomori 039-3501, Japan
| | - Gaku Kumano
- Asamushi Research Center for Marine Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 9 Sakamoto, Asamushi, Aomori 039-3501, Japan
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Fujita S, Kuranaga E, Nakajima YI. Regeneration Potential of Jellyfish: Cellular Mechanisms and Molecular Insights. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:758. [PMID: 34067753 PMCID: PMC8156412 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Medusozoans, the Cnidarian subphylum, have multiple life stages including sessile polyps and free-swimming medusae or jellyfish, which are typically bell-shaped gelatinous zooplanktons that exhibit diverse morphologies. Despite having a relatively complex body structure with well-developed muscles and nervous systems, the adult medusa stage maintains a high regenerative ability that enables organ regeneration as well as whole body reconstitution from the part of the body. This remarkable regeneration potential of jellyfish has long been acknowledged in different species; however, recent studies have begun dissecting the exact processes underpinning regeneration events. In this article, we introduce the current understanding of regeneration mechanisms in medusae, particularly focusing on cellular behaviors during regeneration such as wound healing, blastema formation by stem/progenitor cells or cell fate plasticity, and the organism-level patterning that restores radial symmetry. We also discuss putative molecular mechanisms involved in regeneration processes and introduce a variety of novel model jellyfish species in the effort to understand common principles and diverse mechanisms underlying the regeneration of complex organs and the entire body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosuke Fujita
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan; (S.F.); (E.K.)
| | - Erina Kuranaga
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan; (S.F.); (E.K.)
| | - Yu-ichiro Nakajima
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan; (S.F.); (E.K.)
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Miyagi, Japan
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Feeding-dependent tentacle development in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4399. [PMID: 32879319 PMCID: PMC7467937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In cnidarians, axial patterning is not restricted to embryogenesis but continues throughout a prolonged life history filled with unpredictable environmental changes. How this developmental capacity copes with fluctuations of food availability and whether it recapitulates embryonic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we utilize the tentacles of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis as an experimental paradigm for developmental patterning across distinct life history stages. By analyzing over 1000 growing polyps, we find that tentacle progression is stereotyped and occurs in a feeding-dependent manner. Using a combination of genetic, cellular and molecular approaches, we demonstrate that the crosstalk between Target of Rapamycin (TOR) and Fibroblast growth factor receptor b (Fgfrb) signaling in ring muscles defines tentacle primordia in fed polyps. Interestingly, Fgfrb-dependent polarized growth is observed in polyp but not embryonic tentacle primordia. These findings show an unexpected plasticity of tentacle development, and link post-embryonic body patterning with food availability. How the developmental capacity of long-lived animals copes with fluctuations in the food supply is unclear. Here, the authors show using the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis that the crosstalk between Target of Rapamycin and fibroblast growth factor signalling in ring muscles links postembryonic tentacle patterning with food availability.
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Tachibana K, Matsumoto M, Minowa A, Deguchi R. Isolation and Characterization of Feeding-Deficient Strains in Inbred Lines of the Hydrozoan Jellyfish Cladonema pacificum. Zoolog Sci 2020; 37:263-270. [DOI: 10.2108/zs190122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Tachibana
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masaaki Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Aiko Minowa
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Ryusaku Deguchi
- Department of Biology, Miyagi University of Education, Aobaku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
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Fujita S, Kuranaga E, Nakajima YI. Cell proliferation controls body size growth, tentacle morphogenesis, and regeneration in hydrozoan jellyfish Cladonema pacificum. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7579. [PMID: 31523518 PMCID: PMC6714968 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish have existed on the earth for around 600 million years and have evolved in response to environmental changes. Hydrozoan jellyfish, members of phylum Cnidaria, exist in multiple life stages, including planula larvae, vegetatively-propagating polyps, and sexually-reproducing medusae. Although free-swimming medusae display complex morphology and exhibit increase in body size and regenerative ability, their underlying cellular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the roles of cell proliferation in body-size growth, appendage morphogenesis, and regeneration using Cladonema pacificum as a hydrozoan jellyfish model. By examining the distribution of S phase cells and mitotic cells, we revealed spatially distinct proliferating cell populations in medusae, uniform cell proliferation in the umbrella, and clustered cell proliferation in tentacles. Blocking cell proliferation by hydroxyurea caused inhibition of body size growth and defects in tentacle branching, nematocyte differentiation, and regeneration. Local cell proliferation in tentacle bulbs is observed in medusae of two other hydrozoan species, Cytaeis uchidae and Rathkea octopunctata, indicating that it may be a conserved feature among hydrozoan jellyfish. Altogether, our results suggest that hydrozoan medusae possess actively proliferating cells and provide experimental evidence regarding the role of cell proliferation in body-size control, tentacle morphogenesis, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosuke Fujita
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Erina Kuranaga
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichiro Nakajima
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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