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Lu P, Wang G, Qian T, Cai X, Zhang P, Li M, Shen Y, Xue C, Wang H. The balanced microenvironment regulated by the degradants of appropriate PLGA scaffolds and chitosan conduit promotes peripheral nerve regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100158. [PMID: 34841240 PMCID: PMC8605345 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered nerve grafts (TENGs) are the most promising way for repairing long-distance peripheral nerve defects. Chitosan and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds are considered as the promising materials in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields especially in the field of tissue engineering. To further clarify the effects of a chitosan conduit inserted with various quantity of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds, and their degrades on the peripheral nerve regeneration, the chitosan nerve conduit inserted with different amounts of PLGA scaffolds were used to repair rat sciatic nerve defects. The peripheral nerve regeneration at the different time points was dynamically and comprehensively evaluated. Moreover, the influence of different amounts of PLGA scaffolds on the regeneration microenvironment including inflammatory response and cell state were also revealed. The modest abundance of PLGA is more instrumental to the success of nerve regeneration, which is demonstrated in terms of the structure of the regenerated nerve, reinnervation of the target muscle, nerve impulse conduction, and overall function. The PLGA scaffolds aid the migration and maturation of Schwann cells. Furthermore, the PLGA and chitosan degradation products in a correct ratio neutralize, reducing the inflammatory response and enhancing the regeneration microenvironment. The balanced microenvironment regulated by the degradants of appropriate PLGA scaffolds and chitosan conduit promotes peripheral nerve regeneration. The findings represent a further step towards programming TENGs construction, applying polyester materials in regenerative medicine, and understanding the neural regeneration microenvironment. Guide scaffolds are necessary for construction of TENGs to benefeat Schwann cell migration and maturation. A large number of acid degradation products of PLGA scaffolds adversely affect cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Appropriate amount of PLGA scaffolds balance positive cell guidance and negative degradation inflammation. Dosage of PLGA and its combination with complementary biomaterials are key factors that affect regeneration effects.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance
- CCK8, Cell Counting Kit-8
- CMAPs, compound muscle action potentials
- DAPI, 4’ 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- HE, hematoxylin-eosin
- Inflammation
- NC, negative control
- NS, normal saline
- OD, optical density
- PGA, poly (glycolic acid)
- PLA, poly (lactic acid)
- PLGA
- PLGA, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- Regeneration microenvironment
- SCs, Schwann cells
- SD, Sprague-Dawley
- SD, standard deviation
- SFI, sciatic nerve function index
- Schwann cells
- TENG, tissue-engineered nerve graft
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling
- α-BGT, α-bungarotoxin
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tianmei Qian
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaodong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Meiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yinying Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chengbin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hongkui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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