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Xiao YS, He WJ, Jiang HC, Tan L, Ma J, Zhang Z. Clinical and whole exome sequencing findings in children from Yunnan Yi minority ethnic group with retinitis pigmentosa: two case reports. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:226. [PMID: 37264419 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-03830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of rare hereditary retinal dystrophy diseases that lead to difficulty seeing at night, progressive loss of peripheral field vision (tunnel vision), and eventual loss of central vision. However, a genetic cause cannot be determined in approximately 60% of cases. CASE PRESENTATION Two non-consanguineous Yi minority ethnic group families who have a 6.4-year-old boy and a 0.5-year-old boy, respectively, were recruited for genetic diagnosis. Here, we used whole-exome sequencing to detect mutations in the genes of the probands of the retinitis pigmentosa families, and Sanger sequencing to confirm the causal mutations identified by whole exome sequencing. In addition, we report two cases with retinitis pigmentosa caused by RDH12 (c.524C > T) and PRPF4 (c.1273G > A) pathogenic mutations. CONCLUSIONS These results might extend the mutation spectrum of known retinitis pigmentosa genes and give these two Yi minority ethnic group families from Yunnan more precise genetic counseling and more specific prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shuang Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ji He
- Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Chao Jiang
- Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tan
- Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, China.
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Skorczyk-Werner A, Sowińska-Seidler A, Wawrocka A, Walczak-Sztulpa J, Krawczyński MR. Molecular background of Leber congenital amaurosis in a Polish cohort of patients-novel variants discovered by NGS. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:89-104. [PMID: 36369640 PMCID: PMC9837007 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-022-00733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is the most severe form of inherited retinal dystrophies and the most frequent cause of congenital blindness in children. To date, 25 genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this rare disorder. Performing an accurate molecular diagnosis is crucial as gene therapy is becoming available. This study aimed to report the molecular basis of Leber congenital amaurosis, especially novel and rare variants in 27 Polish families with a clinical diagnosis of LCA fully confirmed by molecular analyses. Whole exome sequencing or targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of inherited retinal dystrophies-associated (IRD) genes was applied to identify potentially pathogenic variants. Bidirectional Sanger sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were carried out for validation and segregation analysis of the variants identified within the families. We identified 28 potentially pathogenic variants, including 11 novel, in 8 LCA genes: CEP290, CRB1, GUCY2D, NMNAT1, RPGRIP1, CRX, LRAT1, and LCA5. This study expands the mutational spectrum of the LCA genes. Moreover, these results, together with the conclusions from our previous studies, allow us to point to the most frequently mutated genes and variants in the Polish cohort of LCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skorczyk-Werner
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Anna Sowińska-Seidler
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Wawrocka
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Robert Krawczyński
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
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Song F, Owczarek-Lipska M, Ahmels T, Book M, Aisenbrey S, Menghini M, Barthelmes D, Schrader S, Spital G, Neidhardt J. High-Throughput Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Retinal Dystrophies. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081269. [PMID: 34440443 PMCID: PMC8391535 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal dystrophies (RD) are clinically and genetically heterogenous disorders showing mutations in over 270 disease-associated genes. Several millions of people worldwide are affected with different types of RD. Studying the relevance of disease-associated sequence alterations will assist in understanding disorders and may lead to the development of therapeutic approaches. Here, we established a whole exome sequencing (WES) pipeline to rapidly identify disease-associated mutations in patients. Sanger sequencing was applied to identify deep-intronic variants and to verify the co-segregation of WES results within families. We analyzed 26 unrelated patients with different syndromic and non-syndromic clinical manifestations of RD. All patients underwent ophthalmic examinations. We identified nine novel disease-associated sequence variants among 37 variants identified in total. The sequence variants located to 17 different genes. Interestingly, two cases presenting with Stargardt disease carried deep-intronic variants in ABCA4. We have classified 21 variants as pathogenic variants, 4 as benign/likely benign variants, and 12 as variants of uncertain significance. This study highlights the importance of WES-based mutation analyses in RD patients supporting clinical decisions, broadly based genetic diagnosis and support genetic counselling. It is essential for any genetic therapy to expand the mutation spectrum, understand the genes' function, and correlate phenotypes with genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Song
- Human Genetics Faculty VI-School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstrasse 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (F.S.); (M.O.-L.)
| | - Marta Owczarek-Lipska
- Human Genetics Faculty VI-School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstrasse 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (F.S.); (M.O.-L.)
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tim Ahmels
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pius-Hospital, University of Oldenburg, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany; (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Marius Book
- Eye Centre at the St. Franziskus Hospital, 48145 Münster, Germany; (M.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Sabine Aisenbrey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vivantes Health Network Ltd., Neukölln Hospital, 12351 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Moreno Menghini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Daniel Barthelmes
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Stefan Schrader
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pius-Hospital, University of Oldenburg, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany; (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Georg Spital
- Eye Centre at the St. Franziskus Hospital, 48145 Münster, Germany; (M.B.); (G.S.)
| | - John Neidhardt
- Human Genetics Faculty VI-School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstrasse 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; (F.S.); (M.O.-L.)
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)441-7983810
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Coco-Martin RM, Diego-Alonso M, Orduz-Montaña WA, Sanabria MR, Sanchez-Tocino H. Descriptive Study of a Cohort of 488 Patients with Inherited Retinal Dystrophies. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:1075-1084. [PMID: 33727790 PMCID: PMC7955737 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s293381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the distribution of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), describe the clinical characteristics of patients, and determine the percentages of patients with genetic diagnosis in the Castilla y Leon region of Spain. Methods All patients with an IRD seen in the two major referral units of Castilla y Leon during a 20-year period were included. The ages at symptom onset, diagnosis, and the last visit; sex; family history; history of consanguinity; type of inheritance; status of the fundus and electroretinogram findings; lens and macular status, visual acuity; and visual field data were recorded. Patients were divided into those with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and all others. Gene mutations were gathered when available. Results Four hundred eighty-eight patients with IRDs were studied: 216 (44.26%) with RP of which 34 (15.74%) had syndromic diseases, and 272 had other conditions being 161 (59,19%) macular dystrophies. The mean delay in diagnosis was 6–16.2 years respectively. For the RP group the mean age at the last visit was 47.96±17,26; mean age of cataract surgery was 48.30 ± 12.01 years; and the foveal area was preserved in 74 (35.07%) patients, atrophic in 101 (47.87%), and edematous in 36 (17.06%). A genetic study had been performed in 58 (26.85%) of patients with RP and 71 (26,1%) of the rest, being indeterminate in 17 (29.31%) out of RP group and 20 (28.16%) out of the others. Conclusion Clinical characteristics are comparable to other published series. There is a significant delay in diagnosis. The number of patients with IRDs and available genetic diagnosis, thus being possible candidates for undergoing personalized treatments including gene therapy in our region is low and must be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Coco-Martin
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud de Oftalmologia (Oftared), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Diego-Alonso
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - W Andres Orduz-Montaña
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Rosa Sanabria
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Department of Ophthalmology, Complejo Hospitalario De Palencia, Palencia, Spain
| | - Hortensia Sanchez-Tocino
- Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
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Verdina T, Greenstein VC, Tsang SH, Murro V, Mucciolo DP, Passerini I, Mastropasqua R, Cavallini GM, Virgili G, Giansanti F, Sodi A. Clinical and genetic findings in Italian patients with sector retinitis pigmentosa. Mol Vis 2021; 27:78-94. [PMID: 33688152 PMCID: PMC7937404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe clinical and genetic features in a series of Italian patients with sector retinitis pigmentosa (sector RP). Methods Fifteen patients with sector RP were selected from the database of Hereditary Retinal Degenerations Referring Center of Careggi Hospital (Florence, Italy). Eleven patients from five independent pedigrees underwent genetic analysis with next-generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed with Sanger sequencing. The diagnosis of sector RP was based on the detection of topographically limited retinal abnormalities consistent with corresponding sectorial visual field defects. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus color pictures as well as fundus autofluorescence (FAF), spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), full-field electroretinography (ERG), and 30-2 Humphrey visual field (VF) data were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results For the 30 eyes, the mean BCVA was 0.05 ± 0.13 logMAR, and the mean refractive error was -0.52 ± 1.89 D. The inferior retina was the most affected sector (86.7%), and the VF defect corresponded to the affected sector. FAF showed a demarcation line of increased autofluorescence between the healthy and affected retina, corresponding on SD-OCT to an interruption of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) band in the diseased retina. Dark-adapted ERG amplitudes were decreased in comparison to normative values. In five unrelated families, the sector RP phenotype was associated with sequence variants in the RHO gene. The same mutation c.568G>A p.(Asp190Asn) was found in nine patients of four families. Conclusions Typical sector RP is a mild form of RP characterized by preserved visual acuity with limited retinal involvement and, generally, a more favorable prognosis than other forms of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Verdina
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Stephen H. Tsang
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Vittoria Murro
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Dario Pasquale Mucciolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Passerini
- Department of Genetic Diagnosis, Careggi Teaching Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Mastropasqua
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Cavallini
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianni Virgili
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Giansanti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Sodi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Xiao T, Xie Y, Zhang X, Xu K, Zhang X, Jin ZB, Li Y. Variant Profiling of a Large Cohort of 138 Chinese Families With Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:629994. [PMID: 33598457 PMCID: PMC7882618 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.629994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common form of inherited retinal dystrophy, and 15–25% of RP is transmitted as an autosomal dominant (ad) trait. The objectives of this study were to establish the variant profile in a large cohort of adRP families and to elucidate the variant spectrum of each adRP gene in Chinese patients. A total of 138 probands clinically diagnosed with RP as a presumed autosomal dominant trait were recruited. All probands underwent ophthalmic examinations by specialists. A combination of molecular screening methods, including targeted next-generation sequencing, Sanger DNA sequencing, and multiplex ligation probe amplification assay, was used to detect variants. We identified heterozygous variants of 11 adRP genes in 73 probands, hemizygous, or heterozygous variants of X-linked RP genes in six patients, compound heterozygous variants of autosomal recessive RP genes in three pseudodominant families, and one heterozygous variant of one ad cone and rod dystrophy gene in one proband. One proband was found carrying both variants in RPGR and FAM161A. The overall detection rate was 59.4% (82/138). We detected 72 distinct disease-causing variants involving 16 RP genes and one cone-rod dystrophy gene; 33 of these variants have not been reported previously. Disease-causing variants were identified in the adRP genes in 52.9% of the families, followed by 4.3% in the X-linked RP genes, and 2.2% in the autosomal recessive genes. The most frequent mutant genes were RHO, PRPF31, RP1, SNRNP200, and PRPF8, which explained up to 78.0% of the genetically diagnosed families. Most of the variants identified in adRP genes were missense, and copy number variations were common (7/20) in the PRPF31 gene. We established the profile of the mutated genes and the variant spectrum of adRP genes in a large cohort of Chinese patients, providing essential information for genetic counseling and future development of therapeutics for retinal dystrophy inherited as a dominant trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiao
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Diñeiro M, Capín R, Cifuentes GÁ, Fernández‐Vega B, Villota E, Otero A, Santiago A, Pruneda PC, Castillo D, Viejo‐Díaz M, Hernando I, Durán NS, Álvarez R, Lago CG, Ordóñez GR, Fernández‐Vega Á, Cabanillas R, Cadiñanos J. Comprehensive genomic diagnosis of inherited retinal and optical nerve disorders reveals hidden syndromes and personalized therapeutic options. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98:e1034-e1048. [PMID: 32483926 PMCID: PMC7754416 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the era of precision medicine, genomic characterization of blind patients is critical. Here, we evaluate the effects of comprehensive genetic analysis on the etiologic diagnosis of potentially hereditary vision loss and its impact on clinical management. METHODS We studied 100 non-syndromic and syndromic Spanish patients with a clinical diagnosis of blindness caused by alterations on the retina, choroid, vitreous and/or optic nerve. We used a next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel (OFTALMOgenics™), developed and validated within this study, including up to 362 genes previously associated with these conditions. RESULTS We identified the genetic cause of blindness in 45% of patients (45/100). A total of 28.9% of genetically diagnosed cases (13/45) were syndromic and, of those, in 30.8% (4/13) extraophthalmic features had been overlooked and/or not related to visual impairment before genetic testing, including cases with Mainzer-Saldino, Bardet-Biedl, mucolipidosis and MLCRD syndromes. In two additional cases-syndromic blindness had been proposed before, but not specifically diagnosed, and one patient with Heimler syndrome had been misdiagnosed as an Usher case before testing. 33.3% of the genetically diagnosed patients (15/45) had causative variants in genes targeted by clinical trials exploring the curative potential of gene therapy approaches. CONCLUSION Comprehensive genomic testing provided clinically relevant insights in a large proportion of blind patients, identifying potential therapeutic opportunities or previously undiagnosed syndromes in 42.2% of the genetically diagnosed cases (19/45).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Diñeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Oncológica y Molecular de Asturias (IMOMA) S. A.OviedoSpain
| | - Raquel Capín
- Instituto de Medicina Oncológica y Molecular de Asturias (IMOMA) S. A.OviedoSpain
| | | | | | - Eva Villota
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández‐Vega (IOFV)OviedoSpain
| | - Andrea Otero
- Instituto de Medicina Oncológica y Molecular de Asturias (IMOMA) S. A.OviedoSpain
| | - Adrián Santiago
- Instituto de Medicina Oncológica y Molecular de Asturias (IMOMA) S. A.OviedoSpain
| | | | - David Castillo
- Disease Research And Medicine (DREAMgenics) S. L.OviedoSpain
| | | | - Inés Hernando
- Hospital Universitario Central de AsturiasOviedoSpain
| | - Noelia S. Durán
- Instituto de Medicina Oncológica y Molecular de Asturias (IMOMA) S. A.OviedoSpain
| | - Rebeca Álvarez
- Instituto de Medicina Oncológica y Molecular de Asturias (IMOMA) S. A.OviedoSpain
| | - Claudia G. Lago
- Instituto de Medicina Oncológica y Molecular de Asturias (IMOMA) S. A.OviedoSpain
| | | | | | - Rubén Cabanillas
- Instituto de Medicina Oncológica y Molecular de Asturias (IMOMA) S. A.OviedoSpain
| | - Juan Cadiñanos
- Instituto de Medicina Oncológica y Molecular de Asturias (IMOMA) S. A.OviedoSpain
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