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Morgil GK, Çok İ. Evaluation and comparison of DNA alkylation and oxidative damage in e-cigarette and heated tobacco users. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39138671 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2390028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study, aimed to determine and compare DNA damage in e-cigarette and HTP (IQOS) users by assessing DNA-adducts, which are biomarkers of various DNA alkylation and oxidation. METHODS For the evaluation of DNA alkylation, N3-Ethyladenine (N3-EtA) and N3-Methyladenine (N3-MeA) adducts were used. DNA oxidation was assessed using, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG). The urinary cotinine, N3-MeA, N3-EtA, and 8-OHdG concentrations of the cigarette smokers (n:39), e-cigarette users (n:28), IQOS users (n:20), passive smokers (n:32), and nonsmokers(n:41) who lived Ankara, Turkiye were determined using, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS In light of the detected 8-OHdG levels, e-cigarette (3.19 ng/g creatinine) and IQOS (4.38 ng/g creatinine) users had higher oxidative DNA damage than healthy nonsmokers (2.51 ng/g creatinine). Alkylated DNA-adducts were identified in the urine of e-cigarette (N3-MeA: 3.92 ng/g creatinine; N3-EtA: 0.23 ng/g creatinine) and IQOS (N3-MeA: 7.54 ng/g creatinine; N3-EtA: 0.29 ng/g creatinine) users. In the generation of N3-MeA adducts, a significant difference was found between IQOS users and e-cigarette users (p < 0.05). Also, DNA alkylation in flavored e-cigarette users (N3-MeA: 4.51 ng/g creatinine; N3-EtA: 0.27 ng/g creatinine) was higher than in non-flavored e-cigarette users (N3-MeA: 2.27 ng/g creatinine; N3-EtA: 0.06 ng/g creatinine). The highest cotinine levels were found in cigarette smokers (16.1316 ng/g creatinine). No significant difference was found when e-cigarette (1163.02 ng/g creatinine) and IQOS smokers were compared (1088.3 ng/g creatinine). CONCLUSION People who use e-cigarettes and IQOS may be at higher risk of genotoxicity than those who do not use and are not exposed to any tobacco products. Furthermore, the usage of flavoring additives in e-cigarettes contributed to additional genotoxic damage risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göksel Koç Morgil
- Minister of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, Department of Consumer Safety and Public Health Laboratories, Toxicology Laboratory, Sıhhıye, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - İsmet Çok
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkiye
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Szumska M, Mroczek P, Tyrpień-Golder K, Pastuszka B, Janoszka B. Determination of Cotinine, 3'-Hydroxycotinine and Nicotine 1'-Oxide in Urine of Passive and Active Young Smokers by LC-Orbitrap-MS/MS Technique. Molecules 2024; 29:3643. [PMID: 39125048 PMCID: PMC11313786 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke is probably the most significant factor conducing to toxic xenobiotics exposure to humans. The aim of the study was to develop a rapid and sensitive method for the determination of selected nicotine metabolites in urine of tobacco smokers and passive smokers. The method for removing protein and extracting the metabolites involved the centrifugation of urine with acetonitrile. Cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and (2'S)-nicotine 1'-oxide in the supernatant were determined using the LC-Orbitrap-MS/MS technique, with the selected ion monitoring (SIM) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) modes used. The recovery of these analytes added to the urine samples ranged from 72% to 101%. Repeatability and reproducibility were less than 3.1% and 10.1%, respectively. The study was carried out among medical students. The group was selected as representatives of young people and who as future physicians should be more aware of the effects of nicotine use. Concentration levels of cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine determined in ng/mL in the urine of cigarette smokers were 70- and 58-fold higher, respectively, compared to passive smokers. Higher concentrations were recorded in the urine of those passively exposed to tobacco smoke than in non-smokers, confirming that passive exposure to tobacco smoke is not harmless to the human body. However, no significant differences were observed in the concentration of (1'S,2'S)-nicotine 1'-oxide in the samples of individuals from various groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szumska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.M.); (K.T.-G.)
- Research and Implementation Center Silesia LabMed, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Paweł Mroczek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.M.); (K.T.-G.)
| | - Krystyna Tyrpień-Golder
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.M.); (K.T.-G.)
| | - Beata Pastuszka
- Research and Implementation Center Silesia LabMed, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Beata Janoszka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (P.M.); (K.T.-G.)
- Research and Implementation Center Silesia LabMed, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
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Kawasaki Y, Li YS, Ootsuyama Y, Fujisawa K, Omori H, Onoue A, Kubota K, Yoshino T, Nonami Y, Yoshida M, Yamato H, Kawai K. Assessment of exposure and DNA damage from second-hand smoke using potential biomarker in urine: cigarettes and heated tobacco products. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 72:242-247. [DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Kawasaki
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Yun-Shan Li
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Yuko Ootsuyama
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Koichi Fujisawa
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Omori
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Ayumi Onoue
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Kenichi Kubota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Health Care Center
| | - Toshimi Yoshino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Health Care Center
| | - Yoshio Nonami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Health Care Center
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Health Care Center
| | - Hiroshi Yamato
- Department of Health Development, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kawai
- Center for Stress-related Disease Control and Prevention, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Chiorcea-Paquim AM. 8-oxoguanine and 8-oxodeoxyguanosine Biomarkers of Oxidative DNA Damage: A Review on HPLC-ECD Determination. Molecules 2022; 27:1620. [PMID: 35268721 PMCID: PMC8911600 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced in living cells due to metabolic and biochemical reactions and due to exposure to physical, chemical and biological agents. Excessive ROS cause oxidative stress and lead to oxidative DNA damage. Within ROS-mediated DNA lesions, 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and its nucleotide 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG)-the guanine and deoxyguanosine oxidation products, respectively, are regarded as the most significant biomarkers for oxidative DNA damage. The quantification of 8-oxoG and 8-oxodG in urine, blood, tissue and saliva is essential, being employed to determine the overall effects of oxidative stress and to assess the risk, diagnose, and evaluate the treatment of autoimmune, inflammatory, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and other age-related diseases. High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) is largely employed for 8-oxoG and 8-oxodG determination in biological samples due to its high selectivity and sensitivity, down to the femtomolar range. This review seeks to provide an exhaustive analysis of the most recent reports on the HPLC-ECD determination of 8-oxoG and 8-oxodG in cellular DNA and body fluids, which is relevant for health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Chiorcea-Paquim
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Instituto Pedro Nunes (IPN), 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
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Kawasaki Y, Li YS, Watanabe S, Ootsuyama Y, Kawai K. Urinary biomarkers for secondhand smoke and heated tobacco products exposure. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 69:37-43. [PMID: 34376912 PMCID: PMC8325761 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns have recently grown about the health effects of secondhand smoke exposure and heated tobacco products. The analysis of tobacco smoke biomarkers is critical to assess the health effects of tobacco smoke exposure. For this purpose, the simultaneous determinations of exposure markers and health effect markers would provide a better evaluation of smoke exposure. In this study, nicotine metabolites (nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in urine were analyzed as exposure markers. The DNA damage markers, 7-methylguanine and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, were simultaneously measured as health effect markers. The results revealed significant levels of urinary nicotine metabolites and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in the subjects exposed to secondhand smoke and heated tobacco products. In addition, the urinary levels of 7-methylguanine and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine tended to be high for secondhand smoke and heated tobacco products exposures, as compared to those of non-smokers. These biomarkers will be useful for evaluating tobacco smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Kawasaki
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yun-Shan Li
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Sintaroo Watanabe
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.,Japan Marine United Corporation Kure Shipyard, 2-1 Showa-cho, Kure 737-0027, Japan
| | - Yuko Ootsuyama
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kawai
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.,Center for Stress-related Disease Control and Prevention, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Watanabe S, Li Y, Kawasaki Y, Ootsuyama Y, Kawai K. Health examination results and work environment factors affecting urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12210. [PMID: 33689200 PMCID: PMC7945954 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress is considered to cause lifestyle-related diseases, including cancer. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is widely analyzed as an oxidative stress marker. We extensively scrutinized the relationships between 8-OHdG levels and lifestyle choices as carcinogenic factors. METHODS In this study, we investigated health examination results and working conditions affecting urinary 8-OHdG levels in 503 male workers. RESULTS The urinary 8-OHdG level was positively associated with high blood sugar and leanness in smokers. In addition, urinary 8-OHdG tended to increase with organic solvent or hydrochloric acid exposure, as well as long working hours. On the other hand, the urinary 8-OHdG level was negatively associated with high plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in non-smokers and anemia. CONCLUSION According to the results, anemia decreased the oxidative stress, regardless of smoking status, while leanness or high blood sugar increased the oxidative stress in smokers, and the presence of plasma cholesterol contributed to the lower oxidative stress in non-smokers. Certain types of occupational exposure may cause oxidative stress. The measurement of urinary 8-OHdG at annual health checks may be a useful biomarker for preventing lifestyle- and work-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sintaroo Watanabe
- Department of Environmental OncologyInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health JapanKitakyushuJapan
- Japan Marine United Corporation Kure ShipyardHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yun‐Shan Li
- Department of Environmental OncologyInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Yuya Kawasaki
- Department of Environmental OncologyInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Yuko Ootsuyama
- Department of Environmental OncologyInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health JapanKitakyushuJapan
| | - Kazuaki Kawai
- Department of Environmental OncologyInstitute of Industrial Ecological SciencesUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health JapanKitakyushuJapan
- Center for Stress‐related Disease Control and PreventionUniversity of Occupational and Environmental Health JapanKitakyushuJapan
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