A case of vertebral arteriovenous fistula in a patient undergoing maintenance hemodialysis

Spontaneous Vertebral Artery Arteriovenous Fistula with Neurofibromatosis Type I and Its Management with Covered Stent

Vertebro-vertebral fistulas (VVFs) are uncommon vascular pathology. It can be either primary (spontaneous) or secondary (iatrogenic or mechanical trauma). Spontaneous vertebral arteriovenous malformation is often associated with connective tissue disorders. Cases associated with neurofibromatosis type I (NF I) are even rarer. Management of VVF with covered stent is an emerging option for construction of vertebral artery. It not only preserves the flow of the parent artery but also has immediate exclusion of the fistula from the parent artery. A 30-year-old pregnant female patient presented with cervical bruit and left upper limb radiculopathy. She was a known case of NF I. Magnetic resonance imaging cervical spine revealed multiple flow voids compressing the cervical spinal cord and nerve roots. Digital subtraction angiography revealed a vertebral artery arteriovenous fistula. She underwent endovascular treatment in the form of a covered stent. Her clinical symptoms immediately improved. She was asymptomatic at the 1-year follow-up.

A Rare Case of Post-Traumatic Cervical Ligamentous Tear Complicated by Vertebral Arteriovenous Fistula (vAVF), with Successful Endovascular Treatment

Post-traumatic vertebral arteriovenous fistula (vAVF) caused by motor vehicle accidents (MVA) is a rare condition in which there is abnormal communication between the vertebral artery and its adjacent veins. In a post-MVA setting, it is commonly associated with vertebral body fracture. In this paper, we report a case of a 19-year-old girl with a complete C2/C3 anterior and posterior ligament tear post MVA without any cervical bony injury. Initial plain computed tomography (CT) cervical scan showed a prevertebral hematoma. A CT angiogram (CTA) raised the suspicion of a pseudo-aneurysm at the right posterior C3 vertebral body. Further imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated traumatic AVF at the C2/C3 level involving the V2/V3 right vertebral artery to the vertebral venous plexus. Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) further revealed a transected right vertebral artery at the C2/C3 level with an arteriovenous fistula and an enlarged vertebral venous plexus. The fistulous communication was successfully occluded with coils from a cranial and caudal approach to the transected segment right vertebral artery, with a total of eight coils. Post-MVA vertebral arteriovenous fistula (vAVF) is a rare sequela of vertebral bony injury at the cervical region, and is an even rarer association with an isolated ligamentous injury, whereby endovascular treatment with ipsilateral vertebral artery closure is a feasible treatment of vAVF.

Chronic vertebro-jugular arteriovenous Fistula secondary to hemodialysis catheterization: A case report

Vertebral artery's iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula due to central venous catheterization is an uncommon vascular complication. This report depicts a case of 21-year-old male patient who underwent central venous catheterization for hemodialysis over 10 years ago and was detected with a vertebrojugular arteriovenous fistula. This report depicts a case of 21-year-old male patient who detected with a vertebrojugular arteriovenous fistula after 10 years of hemodialysis through central venous catheterization. The surgical treatment was successfully performed.