1
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Peng L, Yang T, Zhang D, Wu R, Wen F, Liu J, He X, Zhang X, Zha Z. Optimization and automation of the radiosynthesis of [ 18F]Lu-LuFL as a clinically useful PET ligand targeting FAP for tumor imaging. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 207:111247. [PMID: 38432032 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Recently, a novel radiohybrid tracer [18F]Lu-LuFL targeting the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has been developed for PET imaging of solid tumors. This tracer has shown promising results, prompting us to conduct a first-in-human study to evaluate its efficacy for PET imaging of FAP in human body. In order to facilitate the routine production and clinical application of [18F]Lu-LuFL, a straightforward and efficient automated synthesis is described. The optimum labeling parameters were determined at laboratory scale, and subsequently incorporated into an automated production process. Further studies have demonstrated that clinical doses of [18F]Lu-LuFL can be prepared within 19 min, with excellent radio chemical purity (>99%) and activity yield (23.58% ± 2.20%, non-decay corrected), coupled with solid phase extraction (SPE) purification method. All the quality control results satisfy the required criteria for release. In conclusion, we have successfully synthesized [18F]Lu-LuFL with sufficient radioactivity and superior quality, thereby establishing its potential for further clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tianhong Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dake Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Renbo Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fuhua Wen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xingjin He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangsong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zhihao Zha
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58# Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
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Alexoff D, Choi SR, Ploessl K, Kim D, Zhao R, Zhu L, Kung H. Optimization and scale up of production of the PSMA imaging agent [ 18F]AlF-P16-093 on a custom automated radiosynthesis platform. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:15. [PMID: 38393404 PMCID: PMC10891009 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advancements in positron emission tomograph (PET) using prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiopharmaceuticals have changed the standard of care for prostate cancer patients by providing more accurate information during staging of primary and recurrent disease. [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 is a new PSMA-PET radiopharmaceutical that demonstrated superior imaging performance in recent head-to-head studies with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11. To improve the availability of this new PSMA PET imaging agent, [18F]AlF-P16-093 was developed. The 18F-analog [18F]AlF-P16-093 has been synthesized manually at low activity levels using [18F]AlF2+ and validated in pre-clinical models. This work reports the optimization of the production of > 15 GBq of [18F]AlF-P16-093 using a custom automated synthesis platform. RESULTS The sensitivity of the radiochemical yield of [18F]AlF-P16-093 to reaction parameters of time, temperature and reagent amounts was investigated using a custom automated system. The automated system is a low-cost, cassette-based system designed for 1-pot syntheses with flow-controlled solid phase extraction (SPE) workup and is based on the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 microcomputer/Python3 ecosystem. The optimized none-decay-corrected yield was 52 ± 4% (N = 3; 17.5 ± 2.2 GBq) with a molar activity of 109 ± 14 GBq/µmole and a radiochemical purity of 98.6 ± 0.6%. Run time was 30 min. A two-step sequence was used: SPE-purified [18F]F- was reacted with 80 nmoles of freeze-dried AlCl3·6H2O at 65 °C for 5 min followed by reaction with 160 nmoles of P16-093 ligand at 40 °C for 4 min in a 1:1 mixture of ethanol:0.5 M pH 4.5 NaOAc buffer. The mixture was purified by SPE (> 97% recovery). The final product formulation (5 mM pH 7 phosphate buffer with saline) exhibited a rate of decline in radiochemical purity of ~ 1.4%/h which was slowed to ~ 0.4%/h when stored at 4 °C. CONCLUSION The optimized method using a custom automated system enabled the efficient (> 50% none-decay-corrected yield) production of [18F]AlF-P16-093 with high radiochemical purity (> 95%). The method and automation system are simple and robust, facilitating further clinical studies with [18F]AlF-P16-093.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alexoff
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Seok Rye Choi
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Karl Ploessl
- Five Eleven Pharma Inc., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Isotope Research and Production Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Ruiyue Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hank Kung
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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3
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Bdair H, Kang MS, Ottoy J, Aliaga A, Kunach P, Singleton TA, Blinder S, Soucy JP, Leyton M, Rosa-Neto P, Kostikov A. Brain PET Imaging in Small Animals: Tracer Formulation, Data Acquisition, Image Reconstruction, and Data Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2729:269-284. [PMID: 38006502 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3499-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive functional imaging modality that involves in vivo detection of spatiotemporal changes in the binding of radioactive pharmaceuticals (a.k.a. PET tracers) to their target sites in different organs. The development of new PET tracers commonly involves their preclinical evaluation in small rodents. Moreover, laboratory animal PET research is now being used with progressively greater frequency to complement human PET studies, to investigate in greater depth the underlying pathophysiology of human diseases, and to monitor the efficiency of novel therapeutic interventions. Here we describe the steps toward a successful small animal PET study, from tracer formulation and image acquisition to data reconstruction and analysis of the acquired scans, with a particular focus on its utility for the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Bdair
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Min Su Kang
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Unit, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Ottoy
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Unit, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arturo Aliaga
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Kunach
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas A Singleton
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephan Blinder
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexey Kostikov
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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4
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Gower-Fry L, Wängler C, Bartenstein P, Beyer L, Lindner S, Jurkschat K, Wängler B, Bailey JJ, Schirrmacher R. Silicon-Fluoride Acceptors (SiFA) for 18F-Radiolabeling: From Bench to Bedside. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2729:29-43. [PMID: 38006489 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3499-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-18 (18F) is undoubtedly one of the most frequently applied radionuclides for the development of new radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) in the context of clinical cancer, neurological, and metabolic imaging. Until recently, the available radiochemical methodologies to introduce 18F into organic molecules ranging from small- to medium- and large-sized compounds were limited to a few applicable protocols. With the advent of late-stage fluorination of small aromatic, nonactivated compounds and various noncanonical labeling strategies geared toward the labeling of peptides and proteins, the molecular toolbox for PET radiotracer development was substantially extended. Especially, the noncanonical labeling methodologies characterized by the formation of Si-18F, B-18F, and Al-18F bonds give access to kit-like 18F-labeling of complex and side-group unprotected compounds, some of them already in clinical use. This chapter will particularly focus on silicon-fluoride acceptor (SiFA) chemistry and cover the history of its conceptual design and its translation into the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexi Gower-Fry
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Justin J Bailey
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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5
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Blok S, Wängler C, Bartenstein P, Jurkschat K, Schirrmacher R, Lindner S. Good practices for the automated production of 18F-SiFA radiopharmaceuticals. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:25. [PMID: 37819534 PMCID: PMC10567618 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The positron emitting isotope fluorine-18 (18F) possesses almost ideal physicochemical properties for the development of radiotracers for diagnostic molecular imaging employing positron emission tomography (PET). 18F in its nucleophilic anionic 18F- form is usually prepared by bombarding an enriched 18O water target with protons of various energies between 5 and 20 MeV depending on the technical specifications of the cyclotron. Large thick-target yields between 5 and 14 GBq/µA can be obtained, enough to prepare large batches of radiotracers capable to serve a considerable contingent of patients (50 + per clinical batch). The overall yield of the radiotracer however depends on the efficiency of the 18F labeling chemistry. The Silicon Fluoride Acceptor chemistry (SiFA) has introduced a convenient and highly efficient way to provide clinical peptide-based 18F-radiotracers in a kit-like procedure matching the convenience of 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals. MAIN BODY A radiotracer's clinical success primarily hinges on whether its synthesis can be automated. Due to its simplicity, the SiFA chemistry, which is based on isotopic exchange (18F for 19F), does not only work in a manual setup but has been proven to be automatable, yielding large batches of 18F-radiotracers of high molar activity (Am). The production of SiFA radiotracer can be centralized and the radiopharmaceutical be distributed via the "satellite" principle, where one production facility economically serves multiple clinical application sites. Clinically validated tracers such as [18F]SiTATE and [18F]Ga-rhPSMA-7/-7.3 have been synthesized in an automated synthesis unit under good manufacturing practice conditions and used in large patient cohorts. Communication of common guidelines and practices is warranted to further the dissemination of SiFA radiopharmaceuticals and to give easy access to this technology. CONCLUSION This current review highlights the most recent achievements in SiFA radiopharmaceutical automation geared towards large batch production for clinical application. Best practice advice and guidance towards a facilitated implementation of the SiFA technology into new and already operating PET tracer production facilities is provided. A brief outlook spotlights the future potential of SiFA radiochemistry within the landscape of non-canonical labeling chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Blok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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6
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Kroenke M, Schweiger L, Horn T, Haller B, Schwamborn K, Wurzer A, Maurer T, Wester HJ, Eiber M, Rauscher I. Validation of 18F-rhPSMA-7 and 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 PET Imaging Results with Histopathology from Salvage Surgery in Patients with Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1809-1814. [PMID: 35393348 PMCID: PMC9730917 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
18F-rhPSMA-7, and its single diastereoisomer form, 18F-rhPSMA-7.3, are prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting radiopharmaceuticals. Here, we investigated their accuracy for the assessment of lymph node (LN) metastases validated by histopathology. Methods: Data from 58 patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy receiving salvage surgery after PET imaging with 18F-rhPSMA-7 or 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 were retrospectively reviewed. Two nuclear medicine physicians reviewed all PET scans and morphologic imaging in consensus. Readers were masked from the results of histopathology. PET and morphologic imaging were correlated with histopathology from resected LNs. Results: In 75 of 150 resected regions in 54 of 58 patients, tumor lesions were present in histopathology. The template-based specificity of PET (18F-rhPSMA-7 and 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 combined) and morphologic imaging was 93.3% and 100%, respectively. However, 18F-rhPSMA-7 and 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 PET detected metastases in 61 of 75 histopathologically proven metastatic LN fields (81.3%) whereas morphologic imaging was positive in only 9 of 75 (12.0%). The positive predictive value was 92.4% for 18F-rhPSMA-7 and 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 PET and 100% for morphologic imaging. 18F-rhPSMA-7 and 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 PET performance was significantly superior to morphologic imaging (difference in the areas under the receiver-operating-characteristic curves, 0.222; 95% CI, 0.147-0.298; P < 0.001). The mean size of PET-positive and histologically confirmed LN metastases was 6.3 ± 3.1 mm (range, 2-15 mm) compared with a mean size of 9.8 ± 2.5 mm (range, 7-15 mm) on morphologic imaging. Conclusion: 18F-rhPSMA-7 and 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 PET offer a high positive predictive value comparable to that reported for 68Ga-PSMA-11 and represent a valuable tool for guiding salvage lymphadenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kroenke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany;,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lilit Schweiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany;,Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Horn
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Schwamborn
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Wurzer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany;,Chair of Radiopharmacy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Tobias Maurer
- Martini-Klinik and Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Chair of Radiopharmacy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Matthias Eiber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany;,Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Rauscher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany;,Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
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7
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Iannone MN, Stucchi S, Turolla EA, Beretta C, Ciceri S, Chinello C, Pagani L, Todde S, Ferraboschi P. Synthesis and automated fluorine-18 radiolabeling of new PSMA-617 derivatives with a CuAAC radiosynthetic approach. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2021; 65:48-62. [PMID: 34964165 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M N Iannone
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Tecnomed Foundation
| | - S Stucchi
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Tecnomed Foundation
| | - E A Turolla
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Tecnomed Foundation
| | - C Beretta
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Tecnomed Foundation
| | - S Ciceri
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milano
| | - C Chinello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca
| | - L Pagani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca
| | - S Todde
- Tecnomed Foundation, CNR-IBFM, University of Milano-Bicocca
| | - P Ferraboschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milano
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8
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Neels OC, Kopka K, Liolios C, Afshar-Oromieh A. Radiolabeled PSMA Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6255. [PMID: 34944875 PMCID: PMC8699044 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PSMA has shown to be a promising target for diagnosis and therapy (theranostics) of prostate cancer. We have reviewed developments in the field of radio- and fluorescence-guided surgery and targeted photodynamic therapy as well as multitargeting PSMA inhibitors also addressing albumin, GRPr and integrin αvβ3. An overview of the regulatory status of PSMA-targeting radiopharmaceuticals in the USA and Europe is also provided. Technical and quality aspects of PSMA-targeting radiopharmaceuticals are described and new emerging radiolabeling strategies are discussed. Furthermore, insights are given into the production, application and potential of alternatives beyond the commonly used radionuclides for radiolabeling PSMA inhibitors. An additional refinement of radiopharmaceuticals is required in order to further improve dose-limiting factors, such as nephrotoxicity and salivary gland uptake during endoradiotherapy. The improvement of patient treatment achieved by the advantageous combination of radionuclide therapy with alternative therapies is also a special focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C. Neels
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany;
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technical University Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christos Liolios
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
- INRASTES, Radiochemistry Laboratory, NCSR “Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Ali Afshar-Oromieh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), Freiburgstrasse 18, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
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9
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Bailey JJ, Wuest M, Wagner M, Bhardwaj A, Wängler C, Wängler B, Valliant JF, Schirrmacher R, Wuest F. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of [ 18F]SiFA-PSMA Inhibitors in a Prostate Cancer Model. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15671-15689. [PMID: 34672630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) with gallium-68 (68Ga) and fluorine-18 (18F) radiotracers has aroused tremendous interest over the past few years. The use of organosilicon-[18F]fluoride acceptors (SiFA) conjugated to urea-based peptidomimetic PSMA inhibitors provides a "kit-like" multidose synthesis technology. Nine novel 18F-labeled SiFA-bearing PSMA inhibitors with different linker moieties were synthesized and analyzed for their in vitro binding against [125I]I-TAAG-PSMA in LNCaP cells. IC50 values ranged from 58-570 nM. Among all compounds, [18F]SiFA-Asp2-PEG3-PSMA (IC50 = 125 nM) showed the highest tumor uptake in LNCaP tumors (SUV60min 0.73). A substantial increase in molar activity (Am) (from 7.5 ± 0.5 to 86 ± 3 GBq/μmol) led to a significant increase in LNCaP tumor uptake (SUV60min 1.18; Δ 0.45 corresponding to +62%). In vivo blocking with DCFPyL resulted in -32% uptake after 60 min. The SiFA-isotopic exchange chemistry offers a method that is readily adaptable for a "kit-type" labeling procedure and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Bailey
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Melinda Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Atul Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Biomedical Chemistry and Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Bjoern Wängler
- Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Biomedical Chemistry and Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - John F Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
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Alves F, Antunes IF, Cazzola E, Cleeren F, Cornelissen B, Denkova A, Engle J, Faivre-Chauvet A, Gillings N, Hendrikx JJMA, Jalilian AR, van der Meulen NP, Mikolajczak R, Neels OC, Pillai MRA, Reilly R, Rubow S, Seimbille Y, Spreckelmeyer S, Szymanski W, Taddei C. Highlight selection of radiochemistry and radiopharmacy developments by editorial board. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:31. [PMID: 34495412 PMCID: PMC8426445 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Editorial Board of EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry releases a biyearly highlight commentary to update the readership on trends in the field of radiopharmaceutical development. RESULTS This commentary of highlights has resulted in 21 different topics selected by each member of the Editorial Board addressing a variety of aspects ranging from novel radiochemistry to first in man application of novel radiopharmaceuticals. Also the first contribution in relation to MRI-agents is included. CONCLUSIONS Trends in (radio)chemistry and radiopharmacy are highlighted demonstrating the progress in the research field being the scope of EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oliver C. Neels
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
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11
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Vogel MME, Dewes S, Sage EK, Devecka M, Eitz KA, Gschwend JE, Eiber M, Combs SE, Schiller K. Feasibility and Outcome of PSMA-PET-Based Dose-Escalated Salvage Radiotherapy Versus Conventional Salvage Radiotherapy for Patients With Recurrent Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:715020. [PMID: 34395288 PMCID: PMC8362325 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.715020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prostate-specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography-(PSMA-PET) imaging facilitates dose-escalated salvage radiotherapy (DE-SRT) with simultaneous-integrated boost (SIB) for PET-positive lesions in patients with prostate cancer (PC). Therefore, we aimed to compare toxicity rates of DE-SRT with SIB to conventional SRT (C-SRT) without SIB and to report outcome. Materials and Methods We evaluated 199 patients who were treated with SRT between June 2014 and June 2020. 101 patients received DE-SRT with SIB for PET-positive local recurrence and/or PET-positive lymph nodes. 98 patients were treated with C-SRT to the prostate bed +/− elective pelvic lymphatic pathways without SIB. All patients received PSMA-PET imaging prior to DE-SRT ([68Ga]PSMA-11: 45.5%; [18F]-labeled PSMA: 54.5%). Toxicity rates for early (<6 months) and late (>6 months) gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities rectal bleeding, proctitis, stool incontinence, and genitourinary (GU) toxicities hematuria, cystitis, urine incontinence, urinary obstruction, and erectile dysfunction were assessed. Further, we analyzed the outcome with disease-free survival (DFS) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response. Results The overall toxicity rates for early GI (C-SRT: 2.1%, DE-SRT: 1.0%) and late GI (C-SRT: 1.4%, DE-SRT: 5.3%) toxicities ≥ grade 2 were similar. Early GU (C-SRT: 2.1%, DE-SRT: 3.0%) and late GU (C-SRT: 11.0%, DE-SRT: 14.7%) toxicities ≥ grade 2 were comparable, as well. Early and late toxicity rates did not differ significantly between DE-SRT versus C-SRT in all subcategories (p>0.05). PSA response (PSA ≤0.2 ng/ml) in the overall group of patients with DE-SRT was 75.0% and 86.4% at first and last follow-up, respectively. Conclusion DE-SRT showed no significantly increased toxicity rates compared with C-SRT and thus is feasible. The outcome of DE-SRT showed good results. Therefore, DE-SRT with a PSMA-PET-based SIB can be considered for the personalized treatment in patients with recurrent PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M E Vogel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Dewes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Eva K Sage
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Michal Devecka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin A Eitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen E Gschwend
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Eiber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Institute for Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kilian Schiller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
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12
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Gower-Fry L, Kronemann T, Dorian A, Pu Y, Jaworski C, Wängler C, Bartenstein P, Beyer L, Lindner S, Jurkschat K, Wängler B, Bailey JJ, Schirrmacher R. Recent Advances in the Clinical Translation of Silicon Fluoride Acceptor (SiFA) 18F-Radiopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070701. [PMID: 34358127 PMCID: PMC8309031 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of silicon fluoride acceptor (SiFA) moieties into a variety of molecules, such as peptides, proteins and biologically relevant small molecules, has improved the generation of 18F-radiopharmaceuticals for medical imaging. The efficient isotopic exchange radiofluorination process, in combination with the enhanced [18F]SiFA in vivo stability, make it a suitable strategy for fluorine-18 incorporation. This review will highlight the clinical applicability of [18F]SiFA-labeled compounds and discuss the significant radiotracers currently in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexi Gower-Fry
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Travis Kronemann
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Andreas Dorian
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Yinglan Pu
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Carolin Jaworski
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Justin J. Bailey
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
- Correspondence:
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