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Filipek-Gorzała J, Kwiecińska P, Szade A, Szade K. The dark side of stemness - the role of hematopoietic stem cells in development of blood malignancies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1308709. [PMID: 38440231 PMCID: PMC10910019 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1308709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) produce all blood cells throughout the life of the organism. However, the high self-renewal and longevity of HSCs predispose them to accumulate mutations. The acquired mutations drive preleukemic clonal hematopoiesis, which is frequent among elderly people. The preleukemic state, although often asymptomatic, increases the risk of blood cancers. Nevertheless, the direct role of preleukemic HSCs is well-evidenced in adult myeloid leukemia (AML), while their contribution to other hematopoietic malignancies remains less understood. Here, we review the evidence supporting the role of preleukemic HSCs in different types of blood cancers, as well as present the alternative models of malignant evolution. Finally, we discuss the clinical importance of preleukemic HSCs in choosing the therapeutic strategies and provide the perspective on further studies on biology of preleukemic HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Filipek-Gorzała
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kwiecińska
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szade
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Zhao XC, Ju B, Xiu NN, Sun XY, Meng FJ. When inflammatory stressors dramatically change, disease phenotypes may transform between autoimmune hematopoietic failure and myeloid neoplasms. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339971. [PMID: 38426096 PMCID: PMC10902444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) and hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome are paradigms of autoimmune hematopoietic failure (AHF). Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia are unequivocal myeloid neoplasms (MNs). Currently, AA is also known to be a clonal hematological disease. Genetic aberrations typically observed in MNs are detected in approximately one-third of AA patients. In AA patients harboring MN-related genetic aberrations, a poor response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and an increased risk of transformation to MNs occurring either naturally or after IST are predicted. Approximately 10%-15% of patients with severe AA transform the disease phenotype to MNs following IST, and in some patients, leukemic transformation emerges during or shortly after IST. Phenotypic transformations between AHF and MNs can occur reciprocally. A fraction of advanced MN patients experience an aplastic crisis during which leukemic blasts are repressed. The switch that shapes the disease phenotype is a change in the strength of extramedullary inflammation. Both AHF and MNs have an immune-active bone marrow (BM) environment (BME). In AHF patients, an inflamed BME can be evoked by infiltrated immune cells targeting neoplastic molecules, which contributes to the BM-specific autoimmune impairment. Autoimmune responses in AHF may represent an antileukemic mechanism, and inflammatory stressors strengthen antileukemic immunity, at least in a significant proportion of patients who have MN-related genetic aberrations. During active inflammatory episodes, normal and leukemic hematopoieses are suppressed, which leads to the occurrence of aplastic cytopenia and leukemic cell regression. The successful treatment of underlying infections mitigates inflammatory stress-related antileukemic activities and promotes the penetration of leukemic hematopoiesis. The effect of IST is similar to that of treating underlying infections. Investigating inflammatory stress-powered antileukemic immunity is highly important in theoretical studies and clinical practice, especially given the wide application of immune-activating agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of hematological neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Chen Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Ju
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Nuan-Nuan Xiu
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Sun
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fan-Jun Meng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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3
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Tian T, Ko CN, Luo W, Li D, Yang C. The anti-aging mechanism of ginsenosides with medicine and food homology. Food Funct 2023; 14:9123-9136. [PMID: 37766674 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02580b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
With the acceleration of global aging and the rise in living standards, the achievement of healthy aging is becoming an imperative issue globally. Ginseng, a medicinal plant that has a long history of dietary intake and remarkable medicinal value, has become a research hotspot in the field of food and medicine. Ginsenosides, especially protopanaxadiol-type saponins and protopanaxatriol-type saponins, are among the most important active ingredients in ginseng. Ginsenosides have been found to exhibit powerful and diverse pharmacological activities, such as antiaging, antitumor, antifatigue and immunity enhancement activities. Their effects in antiaging mainly include (1) promotion of metabolism and stem cell proliferation, (2) protection of skin and nerves, (3) modulation of intestinal flora, (4) maintenance of mitochondrial function, and (5) enhancement of telomerase activity. The underlying mechanisms are primarily associated with the intervention of the signaling pathways in apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. In this review, the mechanism of action of ginsenosides in antiaging as well as the potential values of developing ginsenoside-based functional foods and antiaging drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Tian
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519087, China
| | - Chung-Nga Ko
- C-MER Dennis Lam and Partners Eye Center, Hong Kong International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenya Luo
- Haikou Orthopedics and Diabetes Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570206, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316022, China.
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Inada Y, Takabatake K, Tsujigiwa H, Nakano K, Shan Q, Piao T, Chang A, Kawai H, Nagatsuka H. Novel Artificial Scaffold for Bone Marrow Regeneration: Honeycomb Tricalcium Phosphate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1393. [PMID: 36837023 PMCID: PMC9965701 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow is complex structure containing heterogenetic cells, making it difficult to regenerate using artificial scaffolds. In a previous study, we succeeded in developing honeycomb tricalcium phosphate (TCP), which is a cylindrical scaffold with a honeycomb arrangement of straight pores, and we demonstrated that TCP with 300 and 500 μm pore diameters (300TCP and 500TCP) induced bone marrow structure within the pores. In this study, we examined the optimal scaffold structure for bone marrow with homeostatic bone metabolism using honeycomb TCP. 300TCP and 500TCP were transplanted into rat muscle, and bone marrow formation was histologically assessed. Immunohistochemistry for CD45, CD34, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), c-kit single staining, Runx2/N-cadherin, and c-kit/Tie-2 double staining was performed. The area of bone marrow structure, which includes CD45(+) round-shaped hematopoietic cells and CD34(+) sinusoidal vessels, was larger in 300TCP than in 500TCP. Additionally, Runx2(+) osteoblasts and c-kit(+) hematopoietic stem cells were observed on the surface of bone tissue formed within TCP. Among Runx2(+) osteoblasts, spindle-shaped N-cadherin(+) cells existed in association with c-kit(+)Tie-2(+) hematopoietic stem cells on the bone tissue formed within TCP, which formed a hematopoietic stem cell niche similar to as in vivo. Therefore, honeycomb TCP with 300 μm pore diameters may be an artificial scaffold with an optimal geometric structure as a scaffold for bone marrow formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Inada
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Takabatake
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Tsujigiwa
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakano
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Qiusheng Shan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Tianyan Piao
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Anqi Chang
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hotaka Kawai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
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Chen Z, Ju Z, Sun Y. Aging, Causes, and Rejuvenation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:201-210. [PMID: 38228966 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo an age-related functional decline, which leads to a disruption of the blood system and contributes to the development of aging-associated hematopoietic diseases and malignancies. In this section, we provide a summary of the key hallmarks associated with HSC aging. We also examine the causal factors that contribute to HSC aging and emphasize potential approaches to mitigate HSC aging and age-related hematopoietic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Avramović V, Frederiksen SD, Brkić M, Tarailo-Graovac M. Driving mosaicism: somatic variants in reference population databases and effect on variant interpretation in rare genetic disease. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:71. [PMID: 34906245 PMCID: PMC8670043 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation databases provide invaluable information on the presence and frequency of genetic variants in the 'untargeted' human population, aggregated with the primary goal to facilitate the interpretation of clinically important variants. The presence of somatic variants in such databases can affect variant assessment in undiagnosed rare disease (RD) patients. Previously, the impact of somatic mosaicism was only considered in relation to two Mendelian disease-associated genes. Here, we expand the analyses to identify additional mosaicism-prone genes in blood-derived reference population databases. RESULTS To identify additional mosaicism-prone genes relevant to RDs, we focused on known/previously established ClinVar pathogenic and likely pathogenic single-nucleotide variants, residing in genes associated with early onset, severe autosomal dominant diseases. We asked whether any of these variants are present in a higher-than-expected frequency in the reference population databases and whether there is evidence of somatic origin (i.e., allelic imbalance) rather than germline heterozygosity (~ half of the reads supporting alternative allele). The mosaicism-prone genes identified were further categorized according to the processes they are involved in. Beyond the previously reported ASXL1 and DNMT3A, we identified 7 additional autosomal dominant RD-associated genes with known pathogenic single-nucleotide variants present in the reference population databases and good evidence of allelic imbalance: BRAF, CBL, FGFR3, IDH2, KRAS, PTPN11 and SETBP1. From this group of 9 genes, the majority (n = 7) was important for hematopoiesis. In addition, 4 of these genes were involved in cell proliferation. Further assessment of the known 156 hematopoietic genes led to identification of 48 genes (21 not yet associated with RDs) with at least some evidence of mosaicism detectable in reference population databases. CONCLUSIONS These results stress the importance of considering genes involved in hematopoiesis and cell proliferation when interpreting the presence and frequency of genetic variants in blood-derived reference population databases, both public and private. This is especially important when considering new variants of uncertain significance in known hematopoietic/cell proliferation RD genes and future novel gene-disease associations involving this class of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Avramović
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Simona Denise Frederiksen
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Marjana Brkić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maja Tarailo-Graovac
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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7
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Schwab JD, Ikonomi N, Werle SD, Weidner FM, Geiger H, Kestler HA. Reconstructing Boolean network ensembles from single-cell data for unraveling dynamics in the aging of human hematopoietic stem cells. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5321-5332. [PMID: 34630946 PMCID: PMC8487005 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory dependencies in molecular networks are the basis of dynamic behaviors affecting the phenotypical landscape. With the advance of high throughput technologies, the detail of omics data has arrived at the single-cell level. Nevertheless, new strategies are required to reconstruct regulatory networks based on populations of single-cell data. Here, we present a new approach to generate populations of gene regulatory networks from single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Our approach exploits the heterogeneity of single-cell populations to generate pseudo-timepoints. This allows for the first time to uncouple network reconstruction from a direct dependency on time series measurements. The generated time series are then fed to a combined reconstruction algorithm. The latter allows a fast and efficient reconstruction of ensembles of gene regulatory networks. Since this approach does not require knowledge on time-related trajectories, it allows us to model heterogeneous processes such as aging. Applying the approach to the aging-associated NF-κB signaling pathway-based scRNA-seq data of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we were able to reconstruct eight ensembles, and evaluate their dynamic behavior. Moreover, we propose a strategy to evaluate the resulting attractor patterns. Interaction graph-based features and dynamic investigations of our model ensembles provide a new perspective on the heterogeneity and mechanisms related to human HSCs aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian D Schwab
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Nensi Ikonomi
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Silke D Werle
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Felix M Weidner
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Hans A Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
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8
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Simpson DJ, Olova NN, Chandra T. Cellular reprogramming and epigenetic rejuvenation. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:170. [PMID: 34488874 PMCID: PMC8419998 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is an inevitable condition that afflicts all humans. Recent achievements, such as the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells, have delivered preliminary evidence that slowing down and reversing the ageing process might be possible. However, these techniques usually involve complete dedifferentiation, i.e. somatic cell identity is lost as cells are converted to a pluripotent state. Separating the rejuvenative properties of reprogramming from dedifferentiation is a promising prospect, termed epigenetic rejuvenation. Reprogramming-induced rejuvenation strategies currently involve using Yamanaka factors (typically transiently expressed to prevent full dedifferentiation) and are promising candidates to safely reduce biological age. Here, we review the development and potential of reprogramming-induced rejuvenation as an anti-ageing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Simpson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Nelly N Olova
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Tamir Chandra
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
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Aging of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Hematopoiesis Disturbances and Potential Role in the Development of Hematologic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010068. [PMID: 33383723 PMCID: PMC7794884 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As for many other cancers, the risk of developing hematologic malignancies increases considerably as people age. In recent years, a growing number of studies have highlighted the influence of the aging microenvironment on hematopoiesis and tumor progression. Mesenchymal stromal cells are a major player in intercellular communication inside the bone marrow microenvironment involved in hematopoiesis support. With aging, their functions may be altered, leading to hematopoiesis disturbances which can lead to hematologic cancers. A good understanding of the mechanisms involved in mesenchymal stem cell aging and the consequences on hematopoiesis and tumor progression is therefore necessary for a better comprehension of hematologic malignancies and for the development of therapeutic approaches. Abstract Aging of bone marrow is a complex process that is involved in the development of many diseases, including hematologic cancers. The results obtained in this field of research, year after year, underline the important role of cross-talk between hematopoietic stem cells and their close environment. In bone marrow, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a major player in cell-to-cell communication, presenting a wide range of functionalities, sometimes opposite, depending on the environmental conditions. Although these cells are actively studied for their therapeutic properties, their role in tumor progression remains unclear. One of the reasons for this is that the aging of MSCs has a direct impact on their behavior and on hematopoiesis. In addition, tumor progression is accompanied by dynamic remodeling of the bone marrow niche that may interfere with MSC functions. The present review presents the main features of MSC senescence in bone marrow and their implications in hematologic cancer progression.
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