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Bartnik K, Krzyziński M, Bartczak T, Korzeniowski K, Lamparski K, Wróblewski T, Grąt M, Hołówko W, Mech K, Lisowska J, Januszewicz M, Biecek P. A novel radiomics approach for predicting TACE outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients using deep learning for multi-organ segmentation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14779. [PMID: 38926517 PMCID: PMC11208561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) represent the standard of therapy for non-operative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while prediction of long term treatment outcomes is a complex and multifactorial task. In this study, we present a novel machine learning approach utilizing radiomics features from multiple organ volumes of interest (VOIs) to predict TACE outcomes for 252 HCC patients. Unlike conventional radiomics models requiring laborious manual segmentation limited to tumoral regions, our approach captures information comprehensively across various VOIs using a fully automated, pretrained deep learning model applied to pre-TACE CT images. Evaluation of radiomics random survival forest models against clinical ones using Cox proportional hazard demonstrated comparable performance in predicting overall survival. However, radiomics outperformed clinical models in predicting progression-free survival. Explainable analysis highlighted the significance of non-tumoral VOI features, with their cumulative importance superior to features from the largest liver tumor. The proposed approach overcomes the limitations of manual VOI segmentation, requires no radiologist input and highlight the clinical relevance of features beyond tumor regions. Our findings suggest the potential of this radiomics models in predicting TACE outcomes, with possible implications for other clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Bartnik
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a st., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Krzyziński
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75 st., Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bartczak
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75 st., Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Korzeniowski
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a st., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lamparski
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a st., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Wróblewski
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a st., Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Grąt
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a st., Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wacław Hołówko
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a st., Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mech
- Department of General, Gastroenterological and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a st., Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Lisowska
- Department of General, Gastroenterological and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a st., Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Januszewicz
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a st., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Biecek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75 st., Warsaw, Poland
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Radiya K, Joakimsen HL, Mikalsen KØ, Aahlin EK, Lindsetmo RO, Mortensen KE. Performance and clinical applicability of machine learning in liver computed tomography imaging: a systematic review. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:6689-6717. [PMID: 37171491 PMCID: PMC10511359 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09609-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Machine learning (ML) for medical imaging is emerging for several organs and image modalities. Our objectives were to provide clinicians with an overview of this field by answering the following questions: (1) How is ML applied in liver computed tomography (CT) imaging? (2) How well do ML systems perform in liver CT imaging? (3) What are the clinical applications of ML in liver CT imaging? METHODS A systematic review was carried out according to the guidelines from the PRISMA-P statement. The search string focused on studies containing content relating to artificial intelligence, liver, and computed tomography. RESULTS One hundred ninety-one studies were included in the study. ML was applied to CT liver imaging by image analysis without clinicians' intervention in majority of studies while in newer studies the fusion of ML method with clinical intervention have been identified. Several were documented to perform very accurately on reliable but small data. Most models identified were deep learning-based, mainly using convolutional neural networks. Potentially many clinical applications of ML to CT liver imaging have been identified through our review including liver and its lesion segmentation and classification, segmentation of vascular structure inside the liver, fibrosis and cirrhosis staging, metastasis prediction, and evaluation of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Several studies attempted to provide transparent result of the model. To make the model convenient for a clinical application, prospective clinical validation studies are in urgent call. Computer scientists and engineers should seek to cooperate with health professionals to ensure this. KEY POINTS • ML shows great potential for CT liver image tasks such as pixel-wise segmentation and classification of liver and liver lesions, fibrosis staging, metastasis prediction, and retrieval of relevant liver lesions from similar cases of other patients. • Despite presenting the result is not standardized, many studies have attempted to provide transparent results to interpret the machine learning method performance in the literature. • Prospective studies are in urgent call for clinical validation of ML method, preferably carried out by cooperation between clinicians and computer scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyur Radiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery at University Hospital of North Norway (UNN), Tromso, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.
| | - Henrik Lykke Joakimsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Centre for Clinical Artificial Intelligence (SPKI), University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Karl Øyvind Mikalsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Centre for Clinical Artificial Intelligence (SPKI), University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
- UiT Machine Learning Group, Department of Physics and Technology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Eirik Kjus Aahlin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery at University Hospital of North Norway (UNN), Tromso, Norway
| | - Rolv-Ole Lindsetmo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Head Clinic of Surgery, Oncology and Women Health, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Kim Erlend Mortensen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery at University Hospital of North Norway (UNN), Tromso, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
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Kim M, Park SK, Kubota Y, Lee S, Park K, Kong DS. Applying a deep convolutional neural network to monitor the lateral spread response during microvascular surgery for hemifacial spasm. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276378. [PMID: 36322573 PMCID: PMC9629649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring is essential in neurosurgical procedures. In this study, we built and evaluated the performance of a deep neural network in differentiating between the presence and absence of a lateral spread response, which provides critical information during microvascular decompression surgery for the treatment of hemifacial spasm using intraoperatively acquired electromyography images. METHODS AND FINDINGS A total of 3,674 image screenshots of monitoring devices from 50 patients were prepared, preprocessed, and then adopted into training and validation sets. A deep neural network was constructed using current-standard, off-the-shelf tools. The neural network correctly differentiated 50 test images (accuracy, 100%; area under the curve, 0.96) collected from 25 patients whose data were never exposed to the neural network during training or validation. The accuracy of the network was equivalent to that of the neuromonitoring technologists (p = 0.3013) and higher than that of neurosurgeons experienced in hemifacial spasm (p < 0.0001). Heatmaps obtained to highlight the key region of interest achieved a level similar to that of trained human professionals. Provisional clinical application showed that the neural network was preferable as an auxiliary tool. CONCLUSIONS A deep neural network trained on a dataset of intraoperatively collected electromyography data could classify the presence and absence of the lateral spread response with equivalent performance to human professionals. Well-designated applications based upon the neural network may provide useful auxiliary tools for surgical teams during operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsoo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Ku Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Seunghoon Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo-Sik Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Huang Z, Zhang G, Liu J, Huang M, Zhong L, Shu J. LRFNet: A deep learning model for the assessment of liver reserve function based on Child-Pugh score and CT image. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 223:106993. [PMID: 35793571 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Liver reserve function should be accurately evaluated in patients with hepatic cellular cancer before surgery to evaluate the degree of liver tolerance to surgical methods. Meanwhile, liver reserve function is also an important indicator for disease analysis and prognosis of patients. Child-Pugh score is the most widely used liver reserve function evaluation and scoring system. However, this method also has many shortcomings such as poor accuracy and subjective factors. To achieve comprehensive evaluation of liver reserve function, we developed a deep learning model to fuse bimodal features of Child-Pugh score and computed tomography (CT) image. METHODS 1022 enhanced abdomen CT images of 121 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and impaired liver reserve function were retrospectively collected. Firstly, CT images were pre-processed by de-noising, data amplification and normalization. Then, new branches were added between the dense blocks of the DenseNet structure, and the center clipping operation was introduced to obtain a lightweight deep learning model liver reserve function network (LRFNet) with rich liver scale features. LRFNet extracted depth features related to liver reserve function from CT images. Finally, the extracted features are input into a deep learning classifier composed of fully connected layers to classify CT images into Child-Pugh A, B and C. Precision, Specificity, Sensitivity, and Area Under Curve are used to evaluate the performance of the model. RESULTS The AUC by our LRFNet model based on CT image for Child-Pugh A, B and C classification of liver reserve function was 0.834, 0.649 and 0.876, respectively, and with an average AUC of 0.774, which was better than the traditional clinical subjective Child-Pugh classification method. CONCLUSION Deep learning model based on CT images can accurately classify Child-Pugh grade of liver reserve function in hepatocellular carcinoma patients, provide a comprehensive method for clinicians to assess liver reserve function before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Huang
- School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiong Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mengping Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lisha Zhong
- School of Medical Information and Engineering, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Jian Shu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.
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Wu H, Wang Z, Liang Y, Tan C, Wei X, Zhang W, Yang R, Mo L, Jiang X. A Computed Tomography Nomogram for Assessing the Malignancy Risk of Focal Liver Lesions in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Preliminary Study. Front Oncol 2022; 11:681489. [PMID: 35127463 PMCID: PMC8814623 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.681489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The detection and characterization of focal liver lesions (FLLs) in patients with cirrhosis is challenging. Accurate information about FLLs is key to their management, which can range from conservative methods to surgical excision. We sought to develop a nomogram that incorporates clinical risk factors, blood indicators, and enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging findings to predict the nature of FLLs in cirrhotic livers. Method A total of 348 surgically confirmed FLLs were included. CT findings and clinical data were assessed. All factors with P < 0.05 in univariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis. ROC analysis was performed, and a nomogram was constructed based on the multivariate logistic regression analysis results. Results The FLLs were either benign (n = 79) or malignant (n = 269). Logistic regression evaluated independent factors that positively affected malignancy. AFP (OR = 10.547), arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) (OR = 740.876), washout (OR = 0.028), satellite lesions (OR = 15.164), ascites (OR = 156.241), and nodule-in-nodule architecture (OR =27.401) were independent predictors of malignancy. The combined predictors had excellent performance in differentiating benign and malignant lesions, with an AUC of 0.959, a sensitivity of 95.24%, and a specificity of 87.5% in the training cohort and AUC of 0.981, sensitivity of 94.74%, and specificity of 93.33% in the test cohort. The C-index was 96.80%, and calibration curves showed good agreement between the nomogram predictions and the actual data. Conclusions The nomogram showed excellent discrimination and calibration for malignancy risk prediction, and it may aid in making FLLs treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihua Wang
- Department of Radiology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
| | - Yingying Liang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Tan
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Wei
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruimeng Yang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Mo
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinqing Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Kezer CA, Shah VH, Simonetto DA. Advances in Predictive Modeling Using Machine Learning in the Field of Hepatology. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2021; 18:288-291. [PMID: 34976373 PMCID: PMC8688898 DOI: 10.1002/cld.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Content available: Author Interview and Audio Recording.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Department of MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Douglas A. Simonetto
- Department of MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN
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A Radiomics Approach to Predict the Emergence of New Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Computed Tomography for High-Risk Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11091650. [PMID: 34573991 PMCID: PMC8471809 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis poses a major risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This retrospective study investigated to what extent radiomic features allow the prediction of emerging HCC in patients with cirrhosis in contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). A total of 51 patients with liver cirrhosis and newly detected HCC lesions (n = 82) during follow-up (FU-CT) after local tumor therapy were included. These lesions were not to have been detected by the radiologist in the chronologically prior CECT (PRE-CT). For training purposes, segmentations of 22 patients with liver cirrhosis but without HCC-recurrence were added. A total of 186 areas (82 HCCs and 104 cirrhotic liver areas without HCC) were analyzed. Using univariate analysis, four independent features were identified, and a multivariate logistic regression model was trained to classify the outlined regions as "HCC probable" or "HCC improbable". In total, 60/82 (73%) of segmentations with later detected HCC and 84/104 (81%) segmentations without HCC were classified correctly (AUC of 81%, 95% CI 74-87%), yielding a sensitivity of 72% (95% CI 57-83%) and a specificity of 86% (95% CI 76-96%). In conclusion, the model predicted the occurrence of new HCCs within segmented areas with an acceptable sensitivity and specificity in cirrhotic liver tissue in CECT.
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Heise D, Schulze-Hagen M, Bednarsch J, Eickhoff R, Kroh A, Bruners P, Eickhoff SB, Brecheisen R, Ulmer F, Neumann UP. CT-Based Prediction of Liver Function and Post-PVE Hypertrophy Using an Artificial Neural Network. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143079. [PMID: 34300246 PMCID: PMC8306993 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate whether hypertrophy after portal vein embolization (PVE) and maximum liver function capacity (LiMAx) are predictable by an artificial neural network (ANN) model based on computed tomography (CT) texture features. Methods: We report a retrospective analysis on 118 patients undergoing preoperative assessment by CT before and after PVE for subsequent extended liver resection due to a malignant tumor at RWTH Aachen University Hospital. The LiMAx test was carried out in a subgroup of 55 patients prior to PVE. Associations between CT texture features and hypertrophy as well as liver function were assessed by a multilayer perceptron ANN model. Results: Liver volumetry showed a median hypertrophy degree of 33.9% (16.5–60.4%) after PVE. Non-response, defined as a hypertrophy grade lower than 25%, was found in 36.5% (43/118) of the cases. The ANN prediction of the hypertrophy response showed a sensitivity of 95.8%, specificity of 44.4% and overall prediction accuracy of 74.6% (p < 0.001). The observed median LiMAx was 327 (248–433) μg/kg/h and was strongly correlated with the predicted LiMAx (R2 = 0.89). Conclusion: Our study shows that an ANN model based on CT texture features is able to predict the maximum liver function capacity and may be useful to assess potential hypertrophy after performing PVE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Heise
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.B.); (R.E.); (A.K.); (F.U.); (U.P.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maximilian Schulze-Hagen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.S.-H.); (P.B.)
| | - Jan Bednarsch
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.B.); (R.E.); (A.K.); (F.U.); (U.P.N.)
| | - Roman Eickhoff
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.B.); (R.E.); (A.K.); (F.U.); (U.P.N.)
| | - Andreas Kroh
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.B.); (R.E.); (A.K.); (F.U.); (U.P.N.)
| | - Philipp Bruners
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.S.-H.); (P.B.)
| | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Research Center Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), 52074 Juelich, Germany;
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralph Brecheisen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Florian Ulmer
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.B.); (R.E.); (A.K.); (F.U.); (U.P.N.)
| | - Ulf Peter Neumann
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.B.); (R.E.); (A.K.); (F.U.); (U.P.N.)
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands;
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Tariq S, Tariq S, Hussain S, Baig M. Association of serum osteoprotegerin with severity of chronic liver disease in female patients: A potential biomarker. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:1325-1329. [PMID: 32968402 PMCID: PMC7501019 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.6.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the association of serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) with the severity of chronic liver disease in female patients. Methods This case-control study was conducted in Madina Teaching Hospital from 2019-2020.An institutional review board of University Medical and Dental College, The University of Faisalabad gave the approval to conduct the study. Only female patients of age group 40 to 60 years having CLD were included in this study. Total 80 participants were enrolled after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Serum OPG levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) supplied by ELAB Sciences, USA. The severity of disease was assessed by Child-Pugh classification. Results OPG levels were significantly different between the three Child-Pugh classes. OPG levels were significantly high in class C indicating increased level of this cytokine in CLD as compared to class A (p = <0.05). There was a positive association of OPG with splenomegaly (OR = 2.10, p = <0.001), hepatomegaly (OR = 4.41, (p = <0.05), skin pigmentation (OR = 2.06, p = <0.05), malena (OR = 1.87, p = <0.05) and prolonged bleeding (OR = 1.86, p = <0.05). Conclusion The levels of serum Osteoprotegerin is increased in severe form of chronic liver disease (Class C) of Child-Pughs classification as compared to mild (Class A) and moderate (Class B) forms of Child-Pughs classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Tariq
- Saba Tariq, MBBS, M.Phil. Associate Professor of Pharmacology, University Medical & Dental College, University of Faisalabad, Pakistan, Research Scholar, Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sundus Tariq
- Sundus Tariq, MBBS, M.Phil. Associate Professor of Physiology, University Medical & Dental College, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Research Scholar, Physiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Hussain
- Shaista Hussain, MBBS. House Officer, Allied Hospital Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Baig
- Prof. Mukhtiar Baig, MBBS, M.Phil., PhD. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah- 21589, KSA
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