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Shalmon T, Hamad FMD, Jimenez-Juan L, Kirpalani A, Urzua Fresno CM, Folador L, Tan NS, Singh SM, Ge Y, Dorian P, Lima JAC, Wong KCK, Deva DP, Yan AT. Prognostic Value of Different Thresholds for Myocardial Scar Quantification on Cardiac MRI Late Gadolinium Enhancement Images in Patients Receiving Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2023; 5:e210247. [PMID: 37404790 PMCID: PMC10316291 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.210247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To compare the predictive value of different myocardial scar quantification thresholds using cardiac MRI for appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shock and mortality. Materials and Methods In this retrospective, two-center observational cohort study, patients with ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathy underwent cardiac MRI prior to ICD implantation. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was first determined visually and then quantified by blinded cardiac MRI readers using different SDs above the mean signal of normal myocardium, full-width half-maximum, and manual thresholding. The intermediate signal "gray zone" was calculated as the differences between different SDs. Results Among 374 consecutive eligible patients (mean age, 61 years ± 13 [SD]; mean left ventricular ejection fraction, 32% ± 14; secondary prevention, 62.7%), those with LGE had a higher rate of appropriate ICD shock or death than those without (37.5% vs 26.6%, log-rank P = .04) over a median follow-up of 61 months. In multivariable analysis, none of the thresholds for quantifying scar was a significant predictor of mortality or appropriate ICD shock, while the extent of gray zone was an independent predictor (adjusted hazard ratio per 1 g = 1.025; 95% CI: 1.008, 1.043; P = .005) regardless of the presence or absence of ischemic heart disease (P interaction = .57). Model discrimination was highest for the model incorporating the gray zone (between 2 SD and 4 SD). Conclusion Presence of LGE was associated with a higher rate of appropriate ICD shock or death. Although none of the scar quantification techniques predicted outcomes, the gray zone both in infarct and nonischemic scar was an independent predictor and may refine risk stratification.Keywords: MRI, Scar Quantification, Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator, Sudden Cardiac Death Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2023.
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Brendel JM, Holtackers RJ, Geisel JN, Kübler J, Hagen F, Gawaz M, Nikolaou K, Greulich S, Krumm P. Dark-Blood Late Gadolinium Enhancement MRI Is Noninferior to Bright-Blood LGE in Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:1634. [PMID: 37175026 PMCID: PMC10178168 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background and Objectives: Dark-blood late gadolinium enhancement has been shown to be a reliable cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) method for assessing viability and depicting myocardial scarring in ischemic cardiomyopathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate dark-blood LGE imaging compared with conventional bright-blood LGE for the detection of myocardial scarring in non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. (2) Materials and Methods: Patients with suspected non-ischemic cardiomyopathy were prospectively enrolled in this single-centre study from January 2020 to March 2023. All patients underwent 1.5 T CMR with both dark-blood and conventional bright-blood LGE imaging. Corresponding short-axis stacks of both techniques were analysed for the presence, distribution, pattern, and localisation of LGE, as well as the quantitative scar size (%). (3) Results: 343 patients (age 44 ± 17 years; 124 women) with suspected non-ischemic cardiomyopathy were examined. LGE was detected in 123 of 343 cases (36%) with excellent inter-reader agreement (κ 0.97-0.99) for both LGE techniques. Dark-blood LGE showed a sensitivity of 99% (CI 98-100), specificity of 99% (CI 98-100), and an accuracy of 99% (CI 99-100) for the detection of non-ischemic scarring. No significant difference in total scar size (%) was observed. Dark-blood imaging with mean 5.35 ± 4.32% enhanced volume of total myocardial volume, bright-blood with 5.24 ± 4.28%, p = 0.84. (4) Conclusions: Dark-blood LGE imaging is non-inferior to conventional bright-blood LGE imaging in detecting non-ischemic scarring. Therefore, dark-blood LGE imaging may become an equivalent method for the detection of both ischemic and non-ischemic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M. Brendel
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tübingen Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert J. Holtackers
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N. Geisel
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tübingen Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Kübler
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tübingen Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Hagen
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tübingen Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University of Tübingen Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Nikolaou
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tübingen Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Greulich
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University of Tübingen Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Krumm
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tübingen Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Monti CB, Zanardo M, Capra D, Lastella G, Guarnieri G, Giambersio E, Pasqualin G, Sardanelli F, Secchi F. The predictive role of right ventricular late gadolinium enhancement in patients with tetralogy of Fallot undergoing pulmonary valve replacement. Eur Radiol Exp 2023; 7:9. [PMID: 36826698 PMCID: PMC9958209 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-023-00322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our purpose was to evaluate the correlations between right ventricular (RV) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) at cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) scheduled for pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) and post-PVR functional data. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed ToF patients scheduled for PVR who underwent two CMR examinations at our institution, one before the procedure (CMR-0), including contrast-enhanced sequences, and one after the procedure (CMR-1). Functional left and RV data were obtained by segmenting short-axis stacks on both CMR examinations, and normalised variations were calculated by dividing differences between CMR-1 and CMR-0 by the intercurring time interval, whereas the RV scar burden was assessed on CMR-0 LGE sequences both semiquantitatively and quantitatively. Data were reported as median and interquartile range, differences were appraised with the Mann-Whitney U test, while correlations were assessed with Spearman's ρ. RESULTS Fifteen patients with a median age of 25 years (16-29), including 9 (60%) males, with a median time interval between CMR-0 and CMR-1 of 17 months (12-23), were retrospectively reviewed. The semiquantitative LGE score at CMR-0 was 7 (6-9), and LGE volume was 4.49 mL (3.70-5.78), covering 5.63% (4.92-7.00) of the RV. RV LGE score showed a moderate positive correlation with the normalised variation of RV stroke volume (ρ = 0.662, p = 0.007) and a borderline moderate positive correlation with the normalised variation of RV end-diastolic indexed volume (ρ = 0.513, p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS The assessment of RV LGE before PVR may provide insights on post-PVR functional data, potentially facilitating a patient-tailored treatment pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Beatrice Monti
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Moreno Zanardo
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Capra
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milano, Italy.
| | - Giulia Lastella
- grid.432778.dUnit of Radiology, ASST Nord Milano, Viale Matteotti 83, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | - Gianluca Guarnieri
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Postgraduation School in Cardiology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Emilia Giambersio
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Pasqualin
- grid.419557.b0000 0004 1766 7370Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy ,grid.419557.b0000 0004 1766 7370Department of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Francesco Secchi
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milano, Italy ,grid.419557.b0000 0004 1766 7370Department of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in children with suspected myocarditis: current practice and applicability of adult protocols. Cardiol Young 2022; 32:1957-1965. [PMID: 35067273 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951121005291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular magnetic resonance serves as a useful tool in diagnosing myocarditis. Current adult protocols are yet to be validated for children; thus, it remains unclear if the methods used can be applied with sufficient image quality in children. This study assesses the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in children with suspected myocarditis. METHODS Image data from clinical cardiovascular magnetic resonance studies performed in children enrolled in Mykke between June 2014 and April 2019 were collected and analysed. The quality of the data sets was evaluated using a four-point quality scale (4: excellent, 3: good, 2: moderate, 1: non-diagnostic). RESULTS A total of 102 patients from 9 centres were included with a median age (interquartile range) of 15.4(10.7-16.6) years, 137 cardiovascular magnetic resonance studies were analysed. Diagnostic image quality was found in 95%. Examination protocols were consistent with the original Lake Louise criteria in 58% and with the revised criteria in 35%. Older patients presented with better image quality, with the best picture quality in the oldest age group (13-18 years). Sedation showed a negative impact on image quality in late gadolinium enhancement and oedema sequences. No such correlation was seen in cardiac function assessment sequences. In contrast to initial scans, in follow-up examinations, the use of parametric mapping increased while late gadolinium enhancement and oedema sequences decreased. CONCLUSION Cardiovascular magnetic resonance protocols for the assessment of adult myocarditis can be applied to children without significant constraints in image quality. Given the lack of specific recommendations for children, cardiovascular magnetic resonance protocols should follow recent recommendations for adult cardiovascular magnetic resonance.
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Mont L, Roca-Luque I, Althoff TF. Ablation Lesion Assessment with MRI. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2022; 11:e02. [PMID: 35444808 PMCID: PMC9014705 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2021.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) MRI is capable of detecting not only native cardiac fibrosis, but also ablation-induced scarring. Thus, it offers the unique opportunity to assess ablation lesions non-invasively. In the atrium, LGE-MRI has been shown to accurately detect and localise gaps in ablation lines. With a negative predictive value close to 100% it can reliably rule out pulmonary vein reconnection non-invasively and thus may avoid unnecessary invasive repeat procedures where a pulmonary vein isolation only approach is pursued. Even LGE-MRI-guided repeat pulmonary vein isolation has been demonstrated to be feasible as a standalone approach. LGE-MRI-based lesion assessment may also be of value to evaluate the efficacy of ventricular ablation. In this respect, the elimination of LGE-MRI-detected arrhythmogenic substrate may serve as a potential endpoint, but validation in clinical studies is lacking. Despite holding great promise, the widespread use of LGE-MRI is still limited by the absence of standardised protocols for image acquisition and post-processing. In particular, reproducibility across different centres is impeded by inconsistent thresholds and internal references to define fibrosis. Thus, uniform methodological and analytical standards are warranted to foster a broader implementation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Mont
- Arrhythmia Section, Cardiovascular Institute, Clínic - University Hospital Barcelona Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivo Roca-Luque
- Arrhythmia Section, Cardiovascular Institute, Clínic - University Hospital Barcelona Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Till F Althoff
- Arrhythmia Section, Cardiovascular Institute, Clínic - University Hospital Barcelona Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
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Varga-Szemes A, Suranyi P. Imaging myocardial ischemia: from emerging techniques to state-of-the-art. Eur Radiol Exp 2021; 5:13. [PMID: 33763736 PMCID: PMC7991052 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-021-00211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread clinical use of cardiovascular imaging inspires constant improvement in imaging technology and post-processing applications. Recent advances in hardware and software have brought about important developments in the assessment of myocardial ischemia such as the rapid evaluation of cardiac volumes and function, ability for detection of subtle myocardial changes, and the combination of anatomic and functional assessment of a coronary artery stenosis via a single modality, which was previously not possible in a noninvasive fashion. These milestones indicate the start of a new era, a paradigm shift that broadens the role of noninvasive imaging. The thematic series Myocardial tissue characterization in ischemic heart disease introduces a set of narrative review and original articles by world renowned authors demonstrating such novel advancements and the state-of-the-art techniques in cardiac imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akos Varga-Szemes
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC, 29414, USA.
| | - Pal Suranyi
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC, 29414, USA
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Hassan S, Barrett CJ, Crossman DJ. Imaging tools for assessment of myocardial fibrosis in humans: the need for greater detail. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:969-987. [PMID: 32705483 PMCID: PMC7429810 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00738-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is recognized as a key pathological process in the development of cardiac disease and a target for future therapeutics. Despite this recognition, the assessment of fibrosis is not a part of routine clinical practice. This is primarily due to the difficulties in obtaining an accurate assessment of fibrosis non-invasively. Moreover, there is a clear discrepancy between the understandings of myocardial fibrosis clinically where fibrosis is predominately studied with comparatively low-resolution medical imaging technologies like MRI compared with the basic science laboratories where fibrosis can be visualized invasively with high resolution using molecularly specific fluorescence microscopes at the microscopic and nanoscopic scales. In this article, we will first review current medical imaging technologies for assessing fibrosis including echo and MRI. We will then highlight the need for greater microscopic and nanoscopic analysis of human tissue and how this can be addressed through greater utilization of human tissue available through endomyocardial biopsies and cardiac surgeries. We will then describe the relatively new field of molecular imaging that promises to translate research findings to the clinical practice by non-invasively monitoring the molecular signature of fibrosis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer Hassan
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland City Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carolyn J Barrett
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David J Crossman
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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