Current topics on prostate and bladder pathology

Prostate cancer pathology: What has changed in the last 5 years

Prostate cancer is the most frequent non-cutaneous malignancy in men in the United States. In the last few years, many recommendations have been made available from the 2014 International Society of Urologic Pathology consensus conference, 2016 World Health Organization blue book and 2018 8th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System. Here, we focus on four topics which are considered relevant on the basis of their common appearance in routine practice, clinical importance and 'need to improve communication between pathology reports and clinicians': prostate cancer classification, prostate cancer grading, prostate cancer staging, and current definition of clinically significant prostate cancer. Tissue biomarkers that can predict significant disease and/or upgrading and tissue-based genomics for the purpose of diagnosis and prognosis are mentioned briefly.