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Ramarapu R, Wulcan JM, Chang H, Moore PF, Vernau W, Keller SM. Single cell RNA-sequencing of feline peripheral immune cells with V(D)J repertoire and cross species analysis of T lymphocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.21.595010. [PMID: 38826195 PMCID: PMC11142102 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.595010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The domestic cat (Felis catus) is a valued companion animal and a model for virally induced cancers and immunodeficiencies. However, species-specific limitations such as a scarcity of immune cell markers constrain our ability to resolve immune cell subsets at sufficient detail. The goal of this study was to characterize circulating feline T cells and other leukocytes based on their transcriptomic landscape and T-cell receptor repertoire using single cell RNA-sequencing. Methods Peripheral blood from 4 healthy cats was enriched for T cells by flow cytometry cell sorting using a mouse anti-feline CD5 monoclonal antibody. Libraries for whole transcriptome, alpha/beta T cell receptor transcripts and gamma/delta T cell receptor transcripts were constructed using the 10x Genomics Chromium Next GEM Single Cell 5' reagent kit and the Chromium Single Cell V(D)J Enrichment Kit with custom reverse primers for the feline orthologs. Results Unsupervised clustering of whole transcriptome data revealed 7 major cell populations - T cells, neutrophils, monocytic cells, B cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, mast cells and platelets. Sub cluster analysis of T cells resolved naive (CD4+ and CD8+), CD4+ effector T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and gamma/delta T cells. Cross species analysis revealed a high conservation of T cell subsets along an effector gradient with equitable representation of veterinary species (horse, dog, pig) and humans with the cat. Our V(D)J repertoire analysis demonstrated a skewed T-cell receptor alpha gene usage and a restricted T-cell receptor gamma junctional length in CD8+ cytotoxic T cells compared to other alpha/beta T cell subsets. Among myeloid cells, we resolved three clusters of classical monocytes with polarization into pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes in addition to a cluster of conventional dendritic cells. Lastly, our neutrophil sub clustering revealed a larger mature neutrophil cluster and a smaller exhausted/activated cluster. Discussion Our study is the first to characterize subsets of circulating T cells utilizing an integrative approach of single cell RNA-sequencing, V(D)J repertoire analysis and cross species analysis. In addition, we characterize the transcriptome of several myeloid cell subsets and demonstrate immune cell relatedness across different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raneesh Ramarapu
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Judit M Wulcan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Haiyang Chang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Peter F Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - William Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Stefan M Keller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
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2
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Hua X, Hongbing R, Juan X, Jizan L, Beibei Y. Dysregulation of TNF-induced protein 3 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β in alveolar macrophages: Implications for systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e15174. [PMID: 38720423 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.15174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the role of TNF-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) in alveolar macrophages (AMs) of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) and their influence on pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Transfection of HEK293T cells and AMs with plasmids carrying TNFAIP3 and C/EBPβ was performed, followed by co-culturing AMs with pulmonary fibroblasts. Immunoblotting analysis was then utilized to assess the expression of TNFAIP3, C/EBPβ, and collagen type 1 (Col1). Quantitative PCR analysis was conducted to quantify the mRNA levels of C/EBPβ, IL-10, and TGF-β1. STRING database analysis, and immunoprecipitation assays were employed to investigate the interactions between TNFAIP3 and C/EBPβ. RESULTS TNFAIP3 expression was significantly reduced in SSc-ILD AMs, correlating with increased Col1 production in fibroblasts. Overexpression of TNFAIP3 inhibited this pro-fibrotic activity. Conversely, C/EBPβ expression was elevated in SSc-ILD AMs, and its reduction through TNFAIP3 restoration decreased pro-fibrotic cytokines IL-10 and TGFβ1 levels. Protein-protein interaction studies confirmed the regulatory relationship between TNFAIP3 and C/EBPβ. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the important role of TNFAIP3 in regulating pulmonary fibrosis in SSc-ILD by modulating C/EBPβ expression in AMs. These findings suggest that targeting TNFAIP3 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for managing SSc-ILD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hua
- Department of Rheumatology and immulology, The First Affiliated Hospital of FuJian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology and immulology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology and immulology, The First Peoples' Hospital of Chenzhou, ChenZhou, Hunan, China
| | - Rui Hongbing
- Department of Rheumatology and immulology, The First Affiliated Hospital of FuJian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology and immulology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xue Juan
- Department of Rheumatology and immulology, The First Affiliated Hospital of FuJian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology and immulology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liu Jizan
- Department of Rheumatology and immulology, The First Affiliated Hospital of FuJian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology and immulology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Beibei
- Department of Dermatology, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics&Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Villanueva-Martin G, Acosta-Herrera M, Carmona EG, Kerick M, Ortego-Centeno N, Callejas-Rubio JL, Mages N, Klages S, Börno S, Timmermann B, Bossini-Castillo L, Martin J. Non-classical circulating monocytes expressing high levels of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 tag an aberrant IFN-response in systemic sclerosis. J Autoimmun 2023; 140:103097. [PMID: 37633117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex disease that affects the connective tissue, causing fibrosis. SSc patients show altered immune cell composition and activation in the peripheral blood (PB). PB monocytes (Mos) are recruited into tissues where they differentiate into macrophages, which are directly involved in fibrosis. To understand the role of CD14+ PB Mos in SSc, a single-cell transcriptome analysis (scRNA-seq) was conducted on 8 SSc patients and 8 controls. Using unsupervised clustering methods, CD14+ cells were assigned to 11 clusters, which added granularity to the known monocyte subsets: classical (cMos), intermediate (iMos) and non-classical Mos (ncMos) or type 2 dendritic cells. NcMos were significantly overrepresented in SSc patients and showed an active IFN-signature and increased expression levels of PTGES, in addition to monocyte motility and adhesion markers. We identified a SSc-related cluster of IRF7+ STAT1+ iMos with an aberrant IFN-response. Finally, a depletion of M2 polarised cMos in SSc was observed. Our results highlighted the potential of PB Mos as biomarkers for SSc and provided new possibilities for putative drug targets for modulating the innate immune response in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Villanueva-Martin
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Marialbert Acosta-Herrera
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain; Systemic Autoimmune Disease Unit, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Elio G Carmona
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain; Systemic Autoimmune Disease Unit, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Martin Kerick
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Norberto Ortego-Centeno
- Systemic Autoimmune Disease Unit, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Callejas-Rubio
- Systemic Autoimmune Disease Unit, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Norbert Mages
- Sequencing Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Klages
- Sequencing Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Börno
- Sequencing Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Timmermann
- Sequencing Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara Bossini-Castillo
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology Institute, Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100, Granada, Spain; Advanced Therapies and Biomedical Technologies (TEC-14), Biosanitary Research Institute Ibs. GRANADA, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Javier Martin
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
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Bhandari R, Yang H, Kosarek NN, Smith AE, Garlick JA, Hinchcliff M, Whitfield ML, Pioli PA. Human dermal fibroblast-derived exosomes induce macrophage activation in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:SI114-SI124. [PMID: 35946522 PMCID: PMC9910573 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prior work demonstrates that co-cultured macrophages and fibroblasts from patients with SSc engage in reciprocal activation. However, the mechanism by which these cell types communicate and contribute to fibrosis and inflammation in SSc is unknown. METHODS Fibroblasts were isolated from skin biopsies obtained from 7 SSc patients or 6 healthy age and gender-matched control subjects following written informed consent. Human donor-derived macrophages were cultured with exosomes isolated from control or SSc fibroblasts for an additional 48 h. Macrophages were immunophenotyped using flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and multiplex. For mutual activation studies, exosome-activated macrophages were co-cultured with SSc or healthy fibroblasts using Transwells. RESULTS Macrophages activated with dermal fibroblast-derived exosomes from SSc patients upregulated surface expression of CD163, CD206, MHC Class II and CD16 and secreted increased levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40 and TNF compared with macrophages incubated with healthy control fibroblasts (n = 7, P < 0.05). Exosome-stimulated macrophages and SSc fibroblasts engaged in reciprocal activation, as production of collagen and fibronectin was significantly increased in SSc fibroblasts receiving signals from SSc exosome-stimulated macrophages (n = 7, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that human SSc dermal fibroblasts mediate macrophage activation through exosomes. Our findings suggest that macrophages and fibroblasts engage in cross-talk in SSc skin, resulting in mutual activation, inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Collectively, these studies implicate macrophages and fibroblasts as cooperative mediators of fibrosis in SSc and suggest therapeutic targeting of both cell types may provide maximal benefit in ameliorating disease in SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heetaek Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Noelle N Kosarek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | - Avi E Smith
- Department of Diagnostic Science, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan A Garlick
- Department of Diagnostic Science, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Monique Hinchcliff
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael L Whitfield
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
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The CD14++CD16+ monocyte subset is expanded and controls Th1 cell development in Graves' disease. Clin Immunol 2022; 245:109160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kosenko A, Salame TM, Friedlander G, Barash I. Macrophage-Secreted CSF1 Transmits a Calorie Restriction-Induced Self-Renewal Signal to Mammary Epithelial Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182923. [PMID: 36139499 PMCID: PMC9496835 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction enhances stem cell self-renewal in various tissues, including the mammary gland. We hypothesized that similar to their intestinal counterparts, mammary epithelial stem cells are insulated from sensing changes in energy supply, depending instead on niche signaling. The latter was investigated by subjecting cultures of mammary epithelial stem cells for 8 days to in vivo paracrine calorie-restriction signals collected from a 4-day-conditioned medium of individual mammary cell populations. Conditioned medium from calorie-restricted non-epithelial cells induced latent cell propagation and mammosphere formation—established markers of stem cell self-renewal. Combined RNA-Seq, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses of the non-epithelial population identified macrophages and secreted CSF1 as the energy sensor and paracrine signal, respectively. Calorie restriction-induced pStat6 expression in macrophages suggested that skewing to the M2 phenotype contributes to the sensing mechanism. Enhancing CSF1 signaling with recombinant protein and interrupting the interaction with its highly expressed receptor in the epithelial stem cells by neutralizing antibodies were both affected stem cell self-renewal. In conclusion, combined in vivo, in vitro and in silico studies identified macrophages and secreted CSF1 as the energy sensor and paracrine transmitter, respectively, of the calorie restriction-induced effect on mammary stem cell self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kosenko
- The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Animal Science, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
| | - Tomer Meir Salame
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7632706, Israel
| | - Gilgi Friedlander
- The Mantoux Bioinformatics Institute of the Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7632706, Israel
| | - Itamar Barash
- The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Animal Science, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
- Correspondence:
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7
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Gupta R, Vanlieshout E, Manion K, Bonilla D, Kim M, Muñoz-Grajales C, Nassar C, Johnson SR, Hiraki LT, Ahmad Z, Touma Z, Bookman A, Wither JE. Altered Balance of Pro-Inflammatory Immune Cells to T Regulatory Cells Differentiates Symptomatic From Asymptomatic Individuals With Anti-Nuclear Antibodies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886442. [PMID: 35844549 PMCID: PMC9279569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (SARDs) are characterized by the production of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs). ANAs are also seen in healthy individuals and can be detected years before disease onset in SARD. Both the immunological changes that promote development of clinical symptoms in SARD and those that prevent autoimmunity in asymptomatic ANA+ individuals (ANA+ NS) remain largely unexplored. To address this question, we used flow cytometry to examine peripheral blood immune populations in ANA+ individuals, with and without SARD, including 20 individuals who subsequently demonstrated symptom progression. Several immune populations were expanded in ANA+ individuals with and without SARD, as compared with ANA- healthy controls, particularly follicular and peripheral T helper, and antibody-producing B cell subsets. In ANA+ NS individuals, there were significant increases in T regulatory subsets and TGF-ß1 that normalized in SARD patients, whereas in SARD patients there were increases in Th2 and Th17 helper cell levels as compared with ANA+ NS individuals, resulting in a shift in the balance between inflammatory and regulatory T cell subsets. Patients with SARD also had increases in the proportion of pro-inflammatory innate immune cell populations, such as CD14+ myeloid dendritic cells, and intermediate and non-classical monocytes, as compared to ANA+ NS individuals. When comparing ANA+ individuals without SARD who progressed clinically over the subsequent 2 years with those who did not, we found that progressors had significantly increased T and B cell activation, as well as increased levels of LAG3+ T regulatory cells and TGF-ß1. Collectively, our findings suggest that active immunoregulation prevents clinical autoimmunity in ANA+ NS and that this becomes impaired in patients who progress to SARD, resulting in an imbalance favoring inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Gupta
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emma Vanlieshout
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kieran Manion
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dennisse Bonilla
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Kim
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Grajales
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol Nassar
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sindhu R. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Scleroderma Program, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western and Mount Sinai Hospitals, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Linda T. Hiraki
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zareen Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Scleroderma Program, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western and Mount Sinai Hospitals, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zahi Touma
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Bookman
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joan E. Wither
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Joan E. Wither,
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Ricard L, Eshagh D, Siblany L, de Vassoigne F, Malard F, Laurent C, Beurier P, Jachiet V, Rivière S, Fain O, Mohty M, Gaugler B, Mekinian A. 6-sulfo LacNAc monocytes are quantitatively and functionally disturbed in systemic sclerosis patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 209:175-181. [PMID: 35758259 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis, microangiopathy and autoantibodies. We previously reported that circulating follicular helper T (cTfh) cells are increased in SSc and induce plasmablast differentiation. However, mechanisms leading to cTfh cell expansion and activation in SSc remain to be established. Tfh cells require IL-12 for their expansion and differentiation. 6-sulfo LacNAc monocytes (slanMo), a subset of monocytes, have a higher capacity to produce IL-12 and to induce CD4 + T cell proliferation in comparison with dendritic cells (DC) or classical monocytes. The aim of this study was to perform a quantitative and functional analysis of monocytes and DC and to correlate them with cTfh cell expansion and clinical manifestations in SSc. Using flow cytometry, we analyzed different monocyte subsets including slanMo and DC from 36 SSc patients and 26 healthy controls (HC). In vitro culture experiments of sorted slanMo were performed for functional analysis and cytokine production. We observed that slanMo, intermediate and non-classical monocytes were increased in SSc in comparison with HC. Furthermore, the increase in slanMo cells was more potent in patients with diffuse SSc. We observed a significant positive correlation between slanMo and cTfh cell levels in SSc patients but not in HC. Other monocyte subsets did not correlate with cTfh cell expansion. In addition, we observed that in vitro, slanMo cells from SSc patients produced less IL-12 than slanMo from HC. SlanMo are increased in SSc and may participate in the activation of cTfh cells in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Ricard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie clinique, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Déborah Eshagh
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Médecine Interne et de l'Inflammation-(DHU i2B), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Lama Siblany
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie clinique, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric de Vassoigne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie clinique, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Florent Malard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie clinique, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Laurent
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Médecine Interne et de l'Inflammation-(DHU i2B), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Beurier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Jachiet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Médecine Interne et de l'Inflammation-(DHU i2B), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Rivière
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Médecine Interne et de l'Inflammation-(DHU i2B), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Fain
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Médecine Interne et de l'Inflammation-(DHU i2B), F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie clinique, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Gaugler
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie clinique, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Arsène Mekinian
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), F-75012 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Médecine Interne et de l'Inflammation-(DHU i2B), F-75012, Paris, France
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9
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Dai B, Ding L, Zhao L, Zhu H, Luo H. Contributions of Immune Cells and Stromal Cells to the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis: Recent Insights. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:826839. [PMID: 35185577 PMCID: PMC8852243 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem rheumatic disease characterized by vascular dysfunction, autoimmune abnormalities, and progressive organ fibrosis. A series of studies in SSc patients and fibrotic models suggest that immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells participate in inflammation and aberrant tissue repair. Furthermore, the growing number of studies on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology in SSc elaborate on the transcriptomics and heterogeneities of these cell subsets significantly. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding immune cells and stromal cells in SSc patients and discuss their potential roles in SSc pathogenesis, focusing on recent advances in the new subtypes by scRNA-seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingying Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liqing Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Honglin Zhu, ; Hui Luo,
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Honglin Zhu, ; Hui Luo,
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Contribution of monocytes and macrophages to the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis: recent insights and therapeutic implications. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2021; 33:463-470. [PMID: 34506339 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss recent studies addressing the role of monocytes and macrophages in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) based on human and mouse models. RECENT FINDINGS Studies indicate that monocyte adhesion could be increased in SSc secondary to an interferon-dependent loss of CD52, and chemotaxis up-regulated through the CCR3/CCL24 pathway. Beyond the conventional M1/M2 paradigm of macrophage subpopulations, new subpopulations of macrophages have been recently described in skin and lung biopsies from SSc patients. Notably, single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing has provided evidence for SPP1+ lung macrophages or FCGR3A+ skin macrophages in SSc. Impaired pro-resolving capacities of macrophages such as efferocytosis, i.e. the ability to phagocyte apoptotic cells, could also participate in the inflammatory and autoimmune features in SSc. SUMMARY Through their potential pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory properties, macrophages are at the cross-road of key SSc pathogenic processes and associated manifestations. Investigative drugs targeting macrophage polarization, such as pan-janus kinase inhibitors (tofacitinib or ruxolitinib) impacting both M1 and M2 activations, or Romilkimab inhibiting IL-4 and IL-13, have shown promising results in preclinical models or phase I/II clinical trials in SSc and other fibro-inflammatory disorders. Macrophage-based cellular therapy may also represent an innovative approach for the treatment of SSc, as initial training of macrophages may modulate the severity of fibrotic and autoimmune manifestations of the disease.
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