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Cornejal N, Pollack E, Kaur R, Persaud A, Plagianos M, Juliani HR, Simon JE, Zorde M, Priano C, Koroch A, Romero JAF. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Theobroma cacao, Bourreria huanita, Eriobotrya japonica, and Elettaria cardamomum - Traditional Plants Used in Central America. JOURNAL OF MEDICINALLY ACTIVE PLANTS 2023; 12:1-17. [PMID: 38234988 PMCID: PMC10792510 DOI: 10.7275/wets-9869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The search for alternative naturally occurring antimicrobial agents will always continue, especially when emerging diseases like COVID-19 provide an urgency to identify and develop safe and effective ways to prevent or treat these infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential antimicrobial activity as well as antioxidant properties of commercial samples from four traditional medicinal plants used in Central America: Theobroma cacao, Bourreria huanita, Eriobotrya japonica, and Elettaria cardamomum. Ethanolic extracts were prepared from commercial products derived from the seeds or flowers of these plants. Total phenolics and antioxidant activity were assessed using commercial kits. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were evaluated using the XTT colorimetric assay and a SARS-CoV-2 delta pseudoviral model. The half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) and half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) were used to calculate the therapeutic index (TI). Additionally, the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis was tested using a spectrophotometric method. The extracts showed total phenolics in the range of 0.06 to 1.85 nM/μL catechin equivalents, with T. cacao bean extract showing the highest content. The antioxidant activity showed values between 0.02 and 0.44 mM Trolox equivalents. T. cacao bean extract showed the highest antioxidant activity. Most plant extracts showed zero to moderate selective antiviral activity; however, one T. cacao beans sample showed excellent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 with a TI value of 30.3, and one sample of E. japonica showed selective antiviral activity with a TI value of 18.7. Significant inhibition of E. coli and S. epidermidis by an E. japonica ethanolic extract (p<0.001) was observed using a spectrophotometric method that monitors bacterial growth over time. Additionally, ethanolic extracts of E. cardamomum showed significant inhibition of S. epidermidis growth (p<0.001). The results warrant further investigation of the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of these plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjet Cornejal
- Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10007
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, NY, 11210
| | - Evian Pollack
- Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10007
| | - Rajvinder Kaur
- Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10007
| | - Ashanna Persaud
- Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10007
| | - Marlena Plagianos
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, 10065
| | - H. Rodolfo Juliani
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, NJ, 08901
| | - James E. Simon
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, NJ, 08901
| | - Martin Zorde
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, NJ, 08901
| | - Christine Priano
- Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10007
| | - Adolfina Koroch
- Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10007
| | - José A. Fernández Romero
- Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10007
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, 10065
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Lee SJ, Kim JE, Choi YJ, Jin YJ, Roh YJ, Seol AY, Song HJ, Park SH, Uddin MS, Lee SW, Hwang DY. Antioxidative Role of Hygrophila erecta (Brum. F.) Hochr. on UV-Induced Photoaging of Dermal Fibroblasts and Melanoma Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071317. [PMID: 35883808 PMCID: PMC9311957 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants are an important strategy for treating photoaging because excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during UV irradiation. The therapeutic effects of methanol extracts of Hygrophila erecta (Brum. F.) Hochr. (MEH) against UV-induced photoaging were examined by monitoring the changes in the antioxidant defense system, apoptosis, extracellular matrix (ECM) modulation, inflammatory response, and melanin synthesis in normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells and melanoma B16F1 cells. Four bioactive compounds, including 4-methoxycinnamic acid, 4-methoxybenzoic acid, methyl linoleate, and asterriquinone C-1, were detected in MEH, while the DPPH free radical scavenging activity was IC50 = 7.6769 µg/mL. UV-induced an increase in the intracellular ROS generation, NO concentration, SOD activity and expression, and Nrf2 expression were prevented with the MEH treatment. Significant decreases in the number of apoptotic cells, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and cleaved Cas-3/Cas-3 were observed in MEH-treated NHDF cells. The MEH treatment induced the significant prevention of ECM disruption and suppressed the COX-2-induced iNOS mediated pathway, expression of inflammatory cytokines, and inflammasome activation. Finally, the expression of the melanin synthesis-involved genes and tyrosinase activity decreased significantly in the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)-stimulated B16F1 cells after the MEH treatment. MEH may have an antioxidative role against UV-induced photoaging by suppressing ROS-induced cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.J.L.); (J.E.K.); (Y.J.C.); (Y.J.J.); (Y.J.R.); (A.Y.S.); (H.J.S.); (S.H.P.)
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.J.L.); (J.E.K.); (Y.J.C.); (Y.J.J.); (Y.J.R.); (A.Y.S.); (H.J.S.); (S.H.P.)
| | - Yun Ju Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.J.L.); (J.E.K.); (Y.J.C.); (Y.J.J.); (Y.J.R.); (A.Y.S.); (H.J.S.); (S.H.P.)
| | - You Jeong Jin
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.J.L.); (J.E.K.); (Y.J.C.); (Y.J.J.); (Y.J.R.); (A.Y.S.); (H.J.S.); (S.H.P.)
| | - Yu Jeong Roh
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.J.L.); (J.E.K.); (Y.J.C.); (Y.J.J.); (Y.J.R.); (A.Y.S.); (H.J.S.); (S.H.P.)
| | - A Yun Seol
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.J.L.); (J.E.K.); (Y.J.C.); (Y.J.J.); (Y.J.R.); (A.Y.S.); (H.J.S.); (S.H.P.)
| | - Hee Jin Song
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.J.L.); (J.E.K.); (Y.J.C.); (Y.J.J.); (Y.J.R.); (A.Y.S.); (H.J.S.); (S.H.P.)
| | - So Hae Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.J.L.); (J.E.K.); (Y.J.C.); (Y.J.J.); (Y.J.R.); (A.Y.S.); (H.J.S.); (S.H.P.)
| | - Md. Salah Uddin
- Ethnobotanical Database of Bangladesh, Tejgaon, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh;
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea; (S.J.L.); (J.E.K.); (Y.J.C.); (Y.J.J.); (Y.J.R.); (A.Y.S.); (H.J.S.); (S.H.P.)
- Longevity & Wellbeing Research Center and Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-7227-9769
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Utilising Network Pharmacology to Explore Underlying Mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus in Improving Sepsis-Induced Inflammatory Response by Regulating the Balance of I κB α and NF- κB in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7141767. [PMID: 35399630 PMCID: PMC8989567 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7141767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of the present study was to explore the mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus in the treatment of sepsis. Methods We searched the active components and targets of Astragalus membranaceus using the TCMSP and BATMAN databases. Then, the GeneCards, MalaCards, and OMIM databases were used to screen out relevant targets of sepsis. The common targets of the former two gene sets were uploaded to the STRING database to create an interaction network. DAVID was used to perform KEGG enrichment analysis of the core targets. Based on the results of KEGG and previous studies, key pathways for the development of sepsis were identified and experimentally validated. Result We obtained 3,370 sepsis-related targets in databases and 59 active components in Astragalus membranaceus through data mining, corresponding to 1,130 targets. The intersection of the two types of targets led to a total of 318 common targets and 84 core targets were obtained after screening again. The KEGG and previous studies showed that these 84 core targets were involved in sepsis by regulating TNF, MAPK, and PI3K pathways. TNF, MAPK8, NF-κB, and IκBα are crucial in sepsis. Experimental validation demonstrated that some markers in sepsis model rats were improved after the intervention with Astragalus granules and their chemical components. Among them, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in rat serum were reduced. The mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, MMP9, MAPK8, and NF-κB were reduced in rat blood. However, the mRNA and protein expression of IκBα and PI3K were increased in rat blood. Conclusion The AST could affect the TNF, PI3K, and MAPK pathway cascade responses centred on IκBα and NF-κB, attenuate the expression of IL-6 and MMP9, and interfere with the inflammatory response during sepsis.
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